• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.338-343
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• 2020

In this paper, it was shown that the decoding method of Hamming codes using soft values can be applied to molecular communication channels. A soft value criterion that can be used for decoding of Hamming codes for a molecular communication channel was proposed, and it has been shown through simulation that the decoding method using these values can improve reliability even in the molecular communication channel. A diffusion-based molecular communication channel was assumed, and information symbols were transmitted using BCSK modulation. After demodulating the number of molecules absorbed by the receiver at each symbol interval with an appropriate threshold, the number of molecules is no longer used. In this paper, the BER performance of the decoder was improved by utilizing information on the number of molecules that are no longer used as soft values in the decoding process. Simulation was performed to confirm the improvement in BER performance. When the number of molecules per bit is 600, the error rate of the Hamming code (15,11) was improved about 5.0×10^-3 to the error rate of the BCSK system without the Hamming code. It can be seen that the error rate of (15,11) Hamming code with the soft values was improved to the same extent. In the case of (7,4) Hamming code, the result is similar to that of (15,11) Hamming code. Therefore, it can be seen that the BER performance of the Hamming code can be greatly improved even in the molecular communication channel by using the difference between the number of molecules absorbed by the receiver and the threshold value as a soft value.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2013

The configuration analysis for the image appeared in the storyboard as the 1st stage to change the scenario to the image expressed the visual phenomenon image starting from the literalism. The simultaneity of description on the interpretative level of the narrative description may describe various information multiple simultaneously, the relationship has been presented as a lot of these information has been weaved as one episode. The incident time of narrative description as the scene described mainly objectively and illustratively has been used usefully to present the accurate information for characters or incidents. The time series of narrative description appeared as one episode by expressing various spaces or images under the continuity of flow according to the time. The collision image seen from the angle of internal ignition played a role to create the meaning colliding into each other or interconnecting symbolic effects appeared as respectively fragmented image, the continuity of space played a role of expressing the different symbol when the image of completely different space is connected to one context, the continuity of time as well makes a different symbolism by interpreting symbols appeared as each images under the flow of time. These results show that the narrative description may be expressed in accordance with the narrative structure from the viewpoints of narrative description, but the internal ignition may be interpreted through the cultural and periodical background widely known in those years based on the experience and information capability the audiences are keeping not by any descriptive structure. Images appeared in the internal ignition appeared by colliding into each other or amplifying mutually no related scenes and revealing the overall symbolism by reinterpreting again.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.263-277
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• 2021

Taint analysis techniques are popularly used to detect web vulnerabilities originating from unverified user input data, such as Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and SQL Injection, in web applications written in JavaScript. To detect such vulnerabilities, it would be necessary to trace variables affected by user-submitted inputs. However, because of the dynamic nature of JavaScript, it has been a challenging issue to identify those variables without running the web application code. Therefore, most existing taint analysis tools have been developed based on dynamic taint analysis, which requires the overhead of running the target application. In this paper, we propose a novel static taint analysis technique using symbol information obtained from the TypeScript (a superset of JavaScript) compiler to accurately track data flow and detect security vulnerabilities in TypeScript code. Our proposed technique allows developers to annotate variables that can contain unverified user input data, and uses the annotation information to trace variables and data affected by user input data. Since our proposed technique can seamlessly be incorporated into the TypeScript compiler, developers can find vulnerabilities during the development process, unlike existing analysis tools performed as a separate tool. To show the feasibility of the proposed method, we implemented a prototype and evaluated its performance with 8 web applications with known security vulnerabilities. We found that our prototype implementation could detect all known security vulnerabilities correctly.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.34-38
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• 2009

This paper is related with optimum burst structure design for high efficient TDMA satellite return link transmission. In general, some typical burst structure for data transmission is composed of a pair of preamble and traffic data in the DVB-RCS (Digital Video Broadcasting. Return Channel via Satellite) and IPOS (IP over Satellite) standard. This structure has some difficulties to increase spectral efficiency that it requires a large of preamble length, high SNR environment, or receiver complexity. To cope with them, burst structure with distributed pilot symbol can be used to alleviate the residual frequency offset effect by calculating accurate frequency offset than conventional one. In particular, we investigate some relevant to proposed distributed pilot structure, previously and analyze their strong points/drawbacks in terms of synchronization to draw the most appropriate one.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

In this paper, another analytical approach for dual-hop amplify-and-forward(AF) relay systems is proposed over Rayleigh fading channels. Previous approaches derived the moment generating function(MGF) by using the cumulative distribution function(CDF) or probability density function(PDF) of the received signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) for source-relay-destination(S-R-D) link. Then, the average symbol error rate is expressed based on derived MGFs. In this paper, another new approach is proposed. It means that the MGF is directly derived by utilizing PDFs of both source-relay(S-R) and relay-destination(R-D) links. Additionary, the newly derived MGF is compared and analyzed with previous ones. Furthermore, simulation results are presented to validate the accuracy of proposed analytical expression. Based on this, it is confirmed that the proposed analytical approach can be a another solution for dual-hop AF relay systems.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.187-203
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• 2009

Objectives : Korean director Bong Joon-ho's movie 'Mother' is a story about a woman who struggles to save her son from an indictment of murder. This movie premiered at the 2009 Cannes film festival. The present study aimed to investigate the various roles of acupuncture in the plot from the perspective of movie professionals, including critics, writers and producers. Methods : We investigated the meaning of acupuncture as a subject matter in this movie. Participants who work in the film industry or are studying film were included. Survey questions were organized in a two part open-ended questionnaire and in multiple-choice form. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail or the subjects were contacted directly. Results: In this movie, acupuncture serves at least three roles. The first role it serves is as a symbol of the mother role in her son's life and in her community. Acupuncture also works as a conduit for communication and a means of earning a living for the mother. She strives to clear her son's name by discovering the real murderer through performing acupuncture. Finally, the acupuncture box is crucial in the son's understanding of the mother's role in the crime. Seventy-nine percent of those surveyed responded that acupuncture was an important motif in this movie. Conclusions : These findings, in addition to those of previous studies, suggest that acupuncture can serve as a useful context for mass communication in media. The understanding of the meaning of acupuncture in the movie provides useful information on the perception of acupuncture modality today.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.35S no.11
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

We present somple block methods for blind maximal ratio combining (MRC) based on a maximum likelihood (ML) principle and finite alphabet properties (FAP) inherent in digital communication systems. The methods can provide accurate estimates of channel parameters even with a small subset of data, thus realizing nearly perfect combining. The channel parameters of diversity branches and the data sequence are estimated simultaneously by using an alternating projection technique. Two different methods, that is, (1) Joint combining and data sequence estimation(JC-DSE) method and (2) Pre-combining and blind phase estimation (PC-BPE) method are presented. Efficient initiallization schemes that can assure the convergence to the global optimum are also presented. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of two methods on the symbol error rate (SER) and the estimated accuracy of the channel parameters.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

An 8${\times}$8-Gb/s/channel 4-PAM transceiver was designed for high speed memory applications by using 70nm DRAM process with 1.35V supply. An asymmetric 4-PAM signaling scheme is proposed to increase the voltage and time margin of upper and lower eyes in 3-class eye opening. A mathematical basis shows that this scheme statistically reduces 33% of reference noise effect in a receiver. Also, an adaptive pre-emphasis scheme, which utilizes a lone-bit pulse with integrator at the receiver, is introduced to reduce ISI for a simple DRAM channel. In this scheme, an integrating clock timing calibration by using a pre-determined pattern is proposed for the optimum ISI measurement.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.449-454
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• 2016

Characters have been frequently used as a symbol or an icon in above the line advertising for generations. It has become an essential factor for companies to research about the experience that consumers have by engaging with the products that are partnered with famous or brand characters before introducing a product to the market. The character trademark has become more popular and interesting than the product itself. Therefore, products have become dependent on its character trademark. The ultimate purpose of this research is to find effective ways of increasing the value of the brand by observing various characters and how people interact with these characters, depending on the consumer's age, gender, and so forth. One would be able to collect data or information from documents as a method of this research and grasp different contents, components, concepts, and contexts of character collaboration and affiliate characters from well-known messengers, such as Kakaotalk and Line. In addition, by re-analyzing Peter Morville's Honeycomb tool, its method would set the scale of the user experience and one would be able to conduct interviews with those who are using collaboration products. This study reveals extensive guidelines for character partnership or collaboration that have been successful and creating effective marketing skills.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.141-154
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to look for a development plan for strategic brand logo by a means of scrutinizing general characteristics and trend in the visual properties of outdoor logo brands. In this study, data research and analysis were conducted over the 68 outdoor brands in circulation in the domestic market based on the information on the website of each brand in order to examine the visual characteristics of an outdoor brand logo. For this, it was performed to examine the desired brand concept of each brand and to analyze the visual characteristics of typeface, color, and type of logo. The results of this research are the followings: First, it was found that the most popular typeface in outdoor brand logos is a capitalized Gothic type. It seems that the logo type is designed to symbolize power, toughness, and masculinity and to express the concept of sportswear brand. Second, when it comes to color, black color tone appeared most frequently, and also reddish colors among chromatic colors were prevailing over others like green, blue, or yellow. It is believed that reddish colors were used to express passion, power, youthfulness, and energy; black color tone for tough, masculine power. Third, the logo symbol of outdoor brands mostly contains mountain, the heads of powerful animals, spherical shape/abstract image that embodies outdoor sports activities. It was analyzed that these resulting symbols were chosen to convey the images of nature, conquest, challenge, future, and passion that are the brand concept of most outdoor brands. Today, in our country, the logo of an outdoor brand is the important factor that symbolizes the brand concept, function, or characteristics. Therefore, the necessity of constant follow-up researches is required to devise the way of designing the brand logo that can build brand power and enhance brand image.