• 음성과학
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 2006

A purpose of this study is to investigate the acoustic characteristics of English stress produced by the two groups of South Kyungsang (henceforth, SK) Korean speakers: high-proficiency and low-proficiency with reference to English native speakers. Another purpose is to compare results from the high- and low-proficiency SK Korean subjects with those of the native speakers, and to provide an analytical account of how approximate the high-proficiency SK Korean subjects' production is to the native speakers' and how different the low-proficiency SK Korean subjects' is from the native speakers'. Results indicated that the native speakers' main strategy used in producing stressed syllables was duration while the high-proficiency SK Korean subjects' was predominantly pitch-oriented. The low-proficiency SK Korean subjects' pitch patterns showed regularity, emphasizing the penultimate syllable with pitch. In comparing duration among the three groups, both groups of the SK Korean subjects became more even in their duration values for each syllable as the structure of the word or the sentence became more complex.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.305-318
• /
• 2022

Abusive behaviors have become a common issue in many online social media platforms. Profanity is common form of abusive behavior in online. Social media platforms operate the filtering system using popular profanity words lists, but this method has drawbacks that it can be bypassed using an altered form and it can detect normal sentences as profanity. Especially in Korean language, the syllable is composed of graphemes and words are composed of multiple syllables, it can be decomposed into graphemes without impairing the transmission of meaning, and the form of a profane word can be seen as a different meaning in a sentence. This work focuses on the problem of filtering system mis-detecting normal phrases with profane phrases. For that, we proposed the deep learning-based framework including grapheme and syllable separation-based word embedding and appropriate CNN structure. The proposed model was evaluated on the chatting contents from the one of the famous online games in South Korea and generated 90.4% accuracy.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
• /
• 제14권7호
• /
• pp.343-362
• /
• 2020

영어는 강세 박자 언어로서 강세 변화에 의한 발화의 재구조가 이루어지는 음운체계를 갖는다. 반면 한국어는 각각의 음절을 거의 똑같은 길이와 강도로 발음하는 음절 박자 언어로 일반적 발화 속에서 한국어와 영어는 분명하게 다른 운율체계를 갖는다. 그러나 K-Pop 음악 속에서 노랫말의 언어가 한국어와 영어, 두 가지 언어로 혼용되면서 K-Pop 음악 속에서의 한국어 노랫말은 영어처럼 강세변화에 의한 운율체계를 갖게 되었다. 이러한 한국어 노랫말의 운율구조 변화 현상을 신한류 지속화를 위해 앞으로도 지속될 수밖에 없는 필연적 현상으로 보는 것이 논자의 입장이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 K-Pop 음악의 주요 장르이자 리듬표현에 중점을 두는 댄스음악을 한류 변화 양상에 따라 1998년, 2003년, 2009년으로 구분하고, 각 시기의 노랫말 운율구조를 비교·분석하였다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 현재의 K-Pop 운율구조 특징을 도출하여 한 음표당 하나의 음절씩 배당하여 작사하던 기존의 제한적 작사법에서 벗어난 K-Pop 한국어 작사법을 제안하였다. 이 연구가 K-Pop에서 한국어 노랫말로 작사할 때의 하나의 방법론으로 활용되기를 바라며, 더불어 한국어 노랫말 사용의 장려 방안이 되기를 기대해 본다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2015

The current study investigated CVCC syllables in spontaneous American English speech to find out whether such syllables are produced as phonological units with a string of segments, showing a hierarchical structure. Transcribed data from the Buckeye Speech Corpus was used for the analysis in this study. The result of the current study showed that the constituents within a CVCC syllable as a phonological unit may have phonetic variations (namely, the final coda may undergo deletion). First, voiceless alveolar stops were the most frequently deleted when they occurred as the second final coda consonants of a CVCC syllable; this deletion may be an intermediate process on the way from the abstract form CVCC (with the rime VCC) to the actual pronunciation CVC (with the rime VC), a production strategy employed by some individual speakers. Second, in the internal structure of the rime, the proportion of deletion of the final coda consonant depended on the frequency of the word rather than on the position of postvocalic consonants on the sonority hierarchy. Finally, the segment following the consonant cluster proved to have an effect on the reduction of that cluster; more precisely, the following contrast was observed between obstruents and non-obstruents, reflecting the effect of sonority: when the segment following the consonant cluster was an obstruent, the proportion of deletion of the final coda consonant was increased. Among these results, the effect of word frequency played a critical role for promoting the deletion of the second coda consonant for clusters in CVCC syllables in spontaneous speech. The current study implies that the structure of syllables as phonological units can vary depending on individual speakers' lexical representation.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
• /
• 제10B권1호
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2003

한국어는 영어와 같이 공백을 단어의 경계로 사용하지만, 그 단어의 구조는 영어와 다소 차이가 있다. 영어는 일반적으로 공백 사이에 하나의 단어가 포함되나, 한국어는 여러 개의 단어 혹은 형태소가 포함된다. 이런 차이 때문에 일반적으로 한국어에서는 공백을 경계로 이루어진 단어를 어절이라고 한다. 본 논문에서는 하나의 어절 내에 포함된 단어들을 분리하고, 분리된 각 단어의 적절한 범주를 결정하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 사례기반 기계학습 방법을 이용하고 음절 단위로 단어를 분리한다. 사례기반 학습을 위해 사용된 자질집합은 이전 음절 자신의 음절, 이후의 두 음절, 자신의 음절에 대한 받침 정보, 이전 두 범주 정보이다. 제안된 시스템을 평가하기 위해서 ETRI 말뭉치와 KAIST 말뭉치를 사용하였으며, 두 말뭉치 모두에서 단어 분리의 F 측도가 97% 이상으로 비교적 좋은 성능을 보였다.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국음향학회 2000년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집 제19권 1호
• /
• pp.309-312
• /
• 2000

이 논문은 한국어 화자들이 영어를 발음할 때 나타나는 한국어 음절구조의 영향을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 특히, 자음연쇄에 나타나는 한국어 음절구조의 영향을 살펴봄으로써, 음운론적으로는 이미 많이 논의가 되어 온 것을 실험음성학적인 시각에서 살펴본다는 데 의의가 있다. 본 연구에서는 위치에 따른 차이 즉, coda보다는 onset에서 자음이 더 길어지는 것으로 보였다. 또, 한국어 화자의 경우, 영어권 나라에서 2년 이상 체류한 경험이 있는 그룹을 구분하여 비교해 보았으나, 그 차이는 그리 유의하지 않은 것으로 보인다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2017

The aim of this study is to examine whether Chinese Korean learners (CKL) can correctly produce the aspiration in 'a lenis obstruents /k/, /t/, /p/, /ʧ/+/h/ sound' sequence at the lexical and post-lexical level. For this purpose 4 Korean native speakers (KNS), 10 advanced and 10 intermediate CKL participated in a production test. The material analyzed consisted of 10 Korean sentences in which aspiration can be applied at different prosodic boundaries (syllable, word, accentual phrase). The results showed that for KNS and CKL, the rate of application of aspiration was different according to prosodic boundaries. Aspiration was more frequently applied at the lexical level than at the post-lexical level and it was more frequent at the word boundary than at the accentual phrase boundary. For CKL, pronunciation errors were either non-application of aspiration or coda obstruent omission. In the case of non-application of aspiration, CKL produced the target syllable as an underling form and they did not transform it as a surface form. In the case of coda obstruent ommision, most of the errors were caused by the inherent complexity of phonological process.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.127-138
• /
• 2000

The aim of this paper is to find the speech problems of English Laterals by Korean learners and to contribute to the effective pronunciation education with visualizing the pronunciation. In this paper we analyzed 18 words including lateral sounds which were divided into such as: initial, initial consonant cluster, intervocalic, final consonant cluster, and final. To analyse the words we used High speed speech analysis system. We examined acoustic characteristics of English lateral spectrogram by using voice sustained time(ms), FL1, FL2, FL3. Before we started, we had expected that the result would show us that the mother tongue interfere in the final sounds because we have similar sounds in Korea. The results of our experiments showed that initially, voice sustained time showed many more differences between Korean and native pronunciation. Also, it was seen that Korean pronunciation used the syllable structure of the own mother tongue. For instance, in the case of initial consonant cluster CCVC, Koreans often used CC as a syllable and VC as another. This was due to the mother tongue interference. For this reason in the intervocalic and in the final, we saw the differences between Korean and native. Therefore we have to accept the visualized analysis system in the instruction of pronunciation.

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.51-65
• /
• 2011

This study attempts to investigate the interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit for listeners (ISIB-L), examining Chinese talkers' production of English liquids and its perception of native listeners and non-native Chinese and Korean listeners. An Accent Judgment Task was conducted to measure non-native talkers' and listeners' phonological proficiency, and two levels of proficiency groups (high and low) participated in the experiment. The English liquids /l/ and /r/ produced by Chinese talkers were considered in terms of positions (syllable initial and final), contexts (segment, word and sentence) and lexical density (minimal vs. nonminimal pair) to see if these factors play a role in ISIIB-L. Results showed that both matched and mismatched interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit for listeners occurred except for the initial /l/. Non-native Chinese and Korean listeners, though only with high proficiency, were more accurate at identifying initial /r/, final /l/ and final /r/, but initial /l/ was significantly more intelligible to native listeners than non-native listeners. There was evidence of contextual and lexical density effects on ISIB-L. No ISIB-L was demonstrated in sentence context, but both matched and mismatched ISIB-L was observed in word context; this finding held true for only high proficiency listeners. Listeners recognized the targets better in the non-minimal pair (sparse density) environment than the minimal pair (higher density) environment. These findings suggest that ISIB-L for English liquids is influenced by talkers' and listeners' proficiency, syllable position in association with L1 and L2 phonological structure, context, and word neighborhood density.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
• /
• 제42호
• /
• pp.57-69
• /
• 2001

Syntactic ambiguity can be understood by context usually, especially in reading and writing. Because phonological structure including stress, intonation and phonological phenomena can be pronounced differently according to different syntactic structures, syntactic ambiguity can be solved by phonological structure in listening and speaking. The objectives of this study was to survey how Korean English teachers apply phonological structures in order to solve syntactic ambiguity. The results of this study is as follows: First, Korean English leachers applied Compound Stress Rules well, when the second word was not branched. But they did not apply Compound Stress Rules well, when the second word was branched. Second, several Korean English teachers did not apply Nuclear Stress Rules well. They usually put the strongest stress on the first word. Third Korean English teachers did not differentiate appropriate applying situation of palatalization. They applied palatalization at both the single and the separated Phonological Phrase. Fourth, Korean English teachers did not apply stress shifting when stress crash happened. Because they did not apply stress shifting, they put the strongest stress on inappropriate syllable.