• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.30-38
• /
• 2018

Electronic control units (ECUs) are currently popular, and have evolved further towards the high-end application of autonomous vehicles in the automotive industry. Such digital technologies have also become widespread, in agriculture and construction equipment. Likewise, transmission control of high-speed tracked vehicles is based on the transmission control unit (TCU), performing complex gear change control functions, and diagnostic algorithms (a TCU's self-diagnostic and reporting capability of malfunction data through CAN communication). Since all functions of TCU are implemented by embedded-software, it is hardly possible to analyze specifications by reverse engineering. In this paper a real-time transmission simulator adaptable to TCU is presented, for analysis of diagnosis algorithm and standards. Signal simulation circuits are deliberately designed considering electrical characteristics of TCU inputs and various analysis tools, such as analog input auto scan function, and global output enable switch, are implemented in software. Test results from hardware-in-the-loop simulator verify tolerance time for each error, as well as cause of fault, error reset conditions.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제21권12호
• /
• pp.1396-1406
• /
• 2018

Lane detection is a key function in developing autonomous vehicle technology. In this paper, we propose a lane marker detection algorithm robust to environmental variation targeting low cost embedded computing devices. The proposed algorithm consists of two phases: initialization phase which is slow but has relatively higher accuracy; and the tracking phase which is fast and has the reliable performance in a limited condition. The initialization phase detects lane markers using a set of filters utilizing the various features of lane markers. The tracking phase uses Kalman filter to accelerate the lane marker detection processing. In a tracking phase, we measure the reliability of the detection results and switch it to initialization phase if the confidence level becomes below a threshold. By combining the initialization and tracking phases we achieved high accuracy and acceptable computing speed even under a low cost computing resources in which we cannot use the computing intensive algorithm such as deep learning approach. Experimental results show that the detection accuracy is about 95% on average and the processing speed is about 20 frames per second with Raspberry Pi 3 which is low cost device.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제29권8호
• /
• pp.1184-1192
• /
• 2019

The influenza A virus is a highly infectious respiratory pathogen that sickens many people with respiratory disease annually. To prevent outbreaks of this viral infection, an understanding of the characteristics of virus-host interaction and development of an anti-viral agent is urgently needed. The influenza A virus can infect mammalian species including humans, pigs, horses and seals. Furthermore, this virus can switch hosts and form a novel lineage. This so-called zoonotic infection provides an opportunity for virus adaptation to the new host and leads to pandemics. Most influenza A viruses express proteins that antagonize the antiviral defense of the host cell. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of the influenza A virus is the most important viral regulatory factor controlling cellular processes to modulate host cell gene expression and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated antiviral response. This review focuses on the influenza A virus NS1 protein and outlines current issues including the life cycle of the influenza A virus, structural characterization of the influenza A virus NS1, interaction between NS1 and host immune response factor, and design of inhibitors resistant to the influenza A virus.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제45권7호
• /
• pp.444-453
• /
• 2022

Multivalent macromolecular interactions underlie dynamic regulation of diverse biological processes in ever-changing cellular states. These interactions often involve binding of multiple proteins to a linear lattice including intrinsically disordered proteins and the chromosomal DNA with many repeating recognition motifs. Quantitative understanding of such multivalent interactions on a linear lattice is crucial for exploring their unique regulatory potentials in the cellular processes. In this review, the distinctive molecular features of the linear lattice system are first discussed with a particular focus on the overlapping nature of potential protein binding sites within a lattice. Then, we introduce two general quantitative frameworks, combinatorial and conditional probability models, dealing with the overlap problem and relating the binding parameters to the experimentally measurable properties of the linear lattice-protein interactions. To this end, we present two specific examples where the quantitative models have been applied and further extended to provide biological insights into specific cellular processes. In the first case, the conditional probability model was extended to highlight the significant impact of nonspecific binding of transcription factors to the chromosomal DNA on gene-specific transcriptional activities. The second case presents the recently developed combinatorial models to unravel the complex organization of target protein binding sites within an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of a nucleoporin. In particular, these models have suggested a unique function of IDRs as a molecular switch coupling distinct cellular processes. The quantitative models reviewed here are envisioned to further advance for dissection and functional studies of more complex systems including phase-separated biomolecular condensates.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.108-117
• /
• 2022

The recent development of information and communication technology has a great impact on the audio/video industry. In particular, IP-based AoIP transmission technology and AVB technology are making changes in the audio/video market. Video signal transmission technology has been introduced to the market through a network, but it has not replaced the video switcher function. Video signals in the conference room or classroom are still controlled by the switching device. In order to switch input/output video devices, a cable that is not limited by distance must be connected to the switcher. In addition, the control of the switching device must be performed by a person who has received professional training. In this paper, it is a technology that can be operated even by non-experts by replacing complex video cables (RGB, DVI, HDMI, DP) with LAN cables and enabling IP-based video switching and transmission (Video Mirroring over IP: VMoIP) to replace video switcher equipment. We are going to do this study, I/O videos were controlled in the form of matrix and high-definition videos were transmitted without distortion, and VMoIP is expected to become the standard for video switching systems in the future.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제18권9호
• /
• pp.2642-2664
• /
• 2024

In the process of modern traffic management, information technology has become an important part of intelligent traffic governance. Real-time monitoring can accurately and effectively track and record vehicles, which is of great significance to modern urban traffic management. Existing tracking algorithms are affected by the environment, viewpoint, etc., and often have problems such as false detection, imprecise anchor boxes, and ID switch. Based on the YOLOv5 algorithm, we improve the loss function, propose a new feature extraction module to obtain the receptive field at different scales, and do adaptive fusion with the SGE attention mechanism, so that it can effectively suppress the noise information during feature extraction. The trained model improves the mAP value by 5.7% on the public dataset UA-DETRAC without increasing the amount of calculations. Meanwhile, for vehicle feature recognition, we adaptively adjust the network structure of the DeepSort tracking algorithm. Finally, we tested the tracking algorithm on the public dataset and in a realistic scenario. The results show that the improved algorithm has an increase in the values of MOTA and MT etc., which generally improves the reliability of vehicle tracking.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.108-118
• /
• 1999

배경: 동맥전환술의 위험인자와 장기 성적을 알아보고자 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1988년 1월부터 1996년 12월까지 심실중격이 온전한 대혈관전위증으로 인해 동맥전환술을 시행 받은 58명의 환자를 대상으로 동맥전환술에 따른 조기 및 만기성적에 대하여 후향적 평가를 시행하였다. 술전 처치로 36례(62.1%)에서 풍선심방절개술을 시행하였으며, 32례(51.7%)에서 PGE1을 사용하였고, 좌우심실의 압력비가 평균 0.53$\pm$0.11이었던 6례(10.3%)의 환아에서는 먼저 폐동맥밴딩을 시행하였다. 결과: 수술당시의 평균연령은 24$\pm$26일(범위 1-137일)이었고 수술당시 평균체중은 3.5$\pm$0.8 kg(범위 1.8~6.1 kg)였다. 전체 조기사망율은 24.1%(14/58)였으며, 최근 3년간의 조기사망율은 8.3%(2/24)였다. 사망과 관련된 위험인자 분석에서는 수술 시행 년도가 유일한 위험인자로 나타났다(p-value < 0.01). 조기 사망한 14례 중 8례는 급성심근부전으로 사망하였으며 주된 원인은 관상동맥부전이었다. 44명의 술후 생존자들을 대상으로 2개월에서 8년까지 평균 36$\pm$27개월 동안 추적관찰을 시행하였으며, 대혈관과 관상동맥의 문합부위, 심실기능, 반월판막의 폐쇄부전, 심박동 이상 등에 중점을 두고 연속적인 비관혈적 검사 및 술후 5개월과 32개월 사이에 모두 21례의 심도자술을 시행하였다. 만기 사망한 경우는 5례(11.4%)였으며 사망원인은 관상동맥의 만기 협착 1례, 흡인 2례, 만성 종격동염 1례, 진행성 대동맥판막폐쇄부전과 심부전 1례 등이었다. 혈류역학적으로 가장 흔한 이상은 폐동맥상부의 협착이었고, 폐동맥협착과 대동맥협착을 보였던 몇몇 경우에 있어서는 점차 협착정도가 진행하는 경우도 관찰되었으나 이로 인한 재수술은 없었다. 9례에서 대동맥판막폐쇄부전 소견을보였으며 7례에서는 그 정도가 가벼웠으나 2례에서는 중정도의 폐쇄부전을 보였고 다소 진행하는 경우도 있었다. 수술전후로 심근허혈의 증거가 없었던 2례에서 관상동맥의 폐쇄가 확인되었다. 나머지 생존자들은 동성박동과 정상적인 좌심기능을 유지한 채 양호한 경과를 보이고 있으며 생명표법에 근거한 8년 생존률은 68.8%였다. 결론: 심실중격이 온전한 대혈관전위증에서 해부학적 교정술은 우선적인 수술방법으로 여겨지나 추후 지속적인 추적관찰이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.345-356
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of physical therapy combined with a virtual reality (VR) game on pain, quality of life (QOL), engagement, and knee function in post-knee-surgery patients. Methods: Twenty-four patients who had undergone knee surgery four weeks or more before the study were recruited. Two withdrew from the study during the four-week experimental period, and a total of 22 patients were included in the final analysis. Routine physical therapy consisting of electrostimulation (10 min.) and therapeutic massage (10 min.) was the base intervention for all groups. The experimental group (n = 10) was additionally exposed to a VR game intervention, while the control group (n = 12) underwent an intervention involving similar motions as the experimental intervention but with no VR. The intervention for the experimental group used the game Rig Fit Adventure on Nintendo switch. Both groups underwent their respective interventions 3 times a week (35 min. per session) for 4 weeks. Pain was assessed using the numeric rating scale (NRS), and QOL was assessed using the EuroQol five-dimensional five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). Engagement was assessed using the Korea flow state scale (K-FSS). Finally, knee movement and function were assessed based on knee flexion and extension, range of motion (ROM), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). Results: After the four-week physical therapy, both groups showed significant reductions in pain (on the NRS), increased knee ROM (flexion), better WOMAC scores, and increased EQ-5D-5L scores (p < 0.05), with the experimental group showing significantly better improvements in EQ-5D-5L and K-FSS scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study confirm that a VR-game-integrated intervention is effective for improving pain, QOL, engagement, and knee function in post-knee surgery patients and that VR-game-integrated interventions could be therapeutic alternatives for patients bedridden for prolonged periods with little motivation for rehabilitation.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2000

ATM은 비동기 시분할 및 통계적 다중화 특성을 기존의 데이터 통신분야에 도입함으로써 멀티미디어를 이용한 다양한 통신을 유연하게 서비스할 수 있다. AIM ABR 서비스는 망의 혼잡상태에 대한 피드백 정보를 활용하여 트래픽을 제어하여 요구되는 서비스 품질을 보장할 수 있으며 최소의 대역폭을 보장하고 가용 대역폭을 최대 셀 전송률까지 높여 전송할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 ATM 망에서 더욱 효과적인 ABR 트래픽 제어를 위해서 피드백 정보 형성에 큐 길이 예측제어 방법을 적용한다. 스위치에서 발생한 혼잡상황 임박에 대한 피드백 정보가 역방향 노드에 도착하기 위해서 더욱 긴 지연시간을 갖는 경우에, 제어되기 전에 도착되는 트래픽에 의해 스위치에서의 큐 길이는 이미 혼잡상황을 발생할 수 있으며 또한 큐 길이의 시간 대비 변화량이 비효율적으로 크게 된다. 이 논문에서 제시한 피드백 예측 제어방식들은 스위치에서 시간 대비 큐 길이함수의 기울기와 이전의 큐 변화량을 이용하여 스위치의 큐 길이를 미리 예측하였으며, 그 예측을 통한 혼잡상황 정보를 미리 역방향 노드에게 전달한다. 예측 제어방식으로는 NLMS와 신경망 구조를 이용하였으며 두 방식에 대해 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 본 논문에서 제시한 알고리즘은 예측기능이 없는 피드백 제어 방식에 비해 더욱 효과적임이 증명되었다. 즉, 예측을 통해서 피드백 정보의 긴 지연을 상쇄함을 이용하여. 스위치에서 큐 길이의 안정화와 더욱 효율적인 혼잡제어가 가능할 수 있음을 보여 준다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.353-358
• /
• 2016

Thiolase는 두 분자의 acetyl-CoA를 중합하여 acetoacetyl-CoA를 생산하는 효소이다. 우리는 Clostridium butyricum 유래 thiolase (CbTHL)를 대장균에서 발현하고, 대량으로 정제하여 결정화에 성공하였다. 성장된 결정을 이용하여 엑스선회절 데이터를 획득하였으며, 3차원 입체구조를 2.0 Å으로 규명하였다. 전체적인 구조는 C. acetobutylicum 유래 thiolase (CaTHL)와 같은 type II biosynthetic thiolase와 매우 유사하다는 것을 확인하였다. CbTHL 구조를 CaTHL/CoA 복합체구조와 겹치기를 함으로써 활성화 잔기와 기질결합에 관여하는 잔기를 밝혀낼 수 있었다. CbTHL의 활성화부위는 3개의 잘 보존된 잔기인 Cys88, His349, Cys379로 구성되어 있으며, 이들 잔기는 각각, 공유결합친핵체, 일반염기, 2번째 친핵체의 역할을 하는 것으로 보인다. CbTHL에서 기질결합은, β-mercaptoethyamine과 pantothenic acid 부위는 타 thiolase와 매우 유사한 방법으로 안정화 되지만, ADP 부분은 타 thiolase와는 달리 매우 특이적인 잔기들을 사용한다. CbTHL 구조에서 가장 특징적인 것은 본 단백질이 가역적 이황화결합을 매개로 산화환원스위치를 통하여 그 활성을 조절한다는 것이다.