• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국막학회 2003년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
• /
• pp.116-119
• /
• 2003

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.303-309
• /
• 1994

광합성세균을 이용한 농축산가의 소규모 가축 폐수처리공정 개발을 위한 연구의 일환으로 고농도에서 유기산의 자화율이 높은 Rhodopseudomonas palustris KK14를 사용하여 돈분폐수처리공정의 최적화를 flask-scale 및 laboratory-scale에서 실시하였다. 반연속식으로 실시한 flask-scale에서 광합성세균 반응조는 HRT 6일, 광합성세균오니량 5%(v/v), 반송오니량 10%(v/v)로 했을 때 안정된 83%의 COD 제거율 및 적절한 $4{\sim}5\;g/l$의 MLSS가 유지되었다. 산생성 반응조와 광합성세균 반응조의 working volume을 각각 5.2 l와 15 l로 scale-up한 실험실적 실험에서는 원폐수 대비 COD와 BOD의 제거율이 각각 95%와 96%를 나타냈으며 광합성세균 반응조의 COD 용적부하율 및 오니부하율은 각각 $3kg\;COD/m^3/day$와 1.1kg COD/kg MLSS/day를 유지함으로써 적당한 MLSS농도가 유지되었고 부가적으로 폐수처리가 진행되면서 악취가 제거되는 효과를 나타내었다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제5권5호
• /
• pp.355-361
• /
• 2000

A recycling reactor system operated under sequential anoxic and oxic conditions for the treatment of swine wastewater has been developed, in which piggery slurry is fermentatively and aerobically treated and then part of the effluent is recycled to the pigsty. This system significantly removes offensive smells (at both the pigsty and the treatment plant), BOD and others, and may be cost effective for small-scale farms. The most dominant heterotrophic were, in order, Alcaligenes faecalis, Brevundimonas diminuta and Streptococcus sp., while lactic acid bacteria were dominantly observed in the anoxic tank. We propose a novel monitoring system for a recycling piggery slurry treatment system through the use of neural networks. In this study, we tried to model the treatment process for each tank in the system (influent, fermentation, aeration, first sedimentation and fourth sedimentation tanks) based upon the population densities of the heterotrophic and lactic acid bacteria. Principal component analysis(PCA) was first applied to identify a relationship between input and output. The input would be microbial densities and the treatment parameters, such as population densities of heterotrophic and lactic acid bacteria, suspended solids(SS), COD, NH$_4$(sup)+-N, ortho-phosphorus (o-P), and total-phosphorus (T-P). then multi-layer neural networks were employed to model the treatment process for each tank. PCA filtration of the input data as microbial densities was found to facilitate the modeling procedure for the system monitoring even with a relatively lower number of imput. Neural network independently trained for each treatment tank and their subsequent combined data analysis allowed a successful prediction of the treatment system for at least two days.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.147-156
• /
• 2000

In this study, the optimal operation parameters of MLE(Modified Ludzack-Ettinger) process treating the liquid supernatant separated from the slurry excreta of swine feedlot was studied as a promising biological treatment process. The nitrogen removal characteristics with different volume ratio between nitrification and denitrification reactor and the operational effect with different nitrogen loading rate, and different C/N($COD_{Cr}/TKN$) ratio were investigated. Based on the laboratory results, pilot MLE plant was operated to examine the effect of ambient temperature for five months including winter. The denitrification reactor which is 20% of total volume was proposed as the most optimal volume fraction for nitrification and denitrification. The optimum ratios of F/M and $F_N/M$ were increased with increase of the C/N ratio. However, optimum F/M ratio was changed more rapidly than $F_N/M$ ratio with increase of the C/N ratio. Therefore, MLE process is desirable to be controlled by F/M ratio in the range of high C/N ratio and by $F_N/M$ ratio in the range of low C/N ratio. Pilot MLE plant showed the higher removal efficiencies of COD and TKN in winter than in summer and was operated most stably at the temperature of $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ for mixed liqour.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.86-96
• /
• 1998

In this study, an intermittently aerated activated sludge process, modified process from conventional activated sludge process, was developed to treat high strength swine wastewater, which has been blamed as major pollutant for stream pollution. Therefore, the optimum cycle for oxic and anoxic period, SRT, and OLR were studied as design parameters. The effects of different time interval for oxic and anoxic period on nitrification and denitrification were examined by operating two reactors with 60/60min and 60/90min as oxic/anoxic period. Although the reactor with 60/60min showed complete denitrification of $NO_x-N$ generated during oxic period, the reactor with 60/90min showed incomplete nitrification due to the inactivity of nitrifier by accumulated $NH_3-N$ toxicity during anoxic period. Therefore, it is recommended to operate same interval for oxic and anoxic period. In order to determine the optimum cycle for oxic/anoxic period, four different reactors with 30/30, 60/60, 90/90 and 120/120min were examined. The reactor operation with 90/90min was optimum to get the most stable results in this study. However, the optimum cycle for oxic and anoxic period should be changed with characteristics of influent wastewater and operating conditions. According to lie operation results of three reactors with SRT of 15, 20 and 30days. The reactor with 2Odays SRT showed best removal efficiency of T-N. The optimum OLR would be $2.5Kg\;COD/m^3/day$ which showed the most stable nitrification and denitrification. Since characteristics of influent wastewater in the real system has a severe fluctuation, so it is very difficult to determine each interval for oxic and anoxic period. Therefore, ORP curves, describing the change of oxidation/reduction potential in reactor, can be used as a control parameter for automatic control of oxic and anoxic period. In other words, bending point (Nitrate Knee) of ORP curve during anoxic period could be used as a starting point of oxic period.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.113-126
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to develop pig-housings based on the forecasting models of swine production, the weather conditions, and so on in Korea. The Korean pig-housings were developed according to the following basis : 1. They should be suitable to domestic weather conditions. 2. They should be designed based on the forecasting models of swine production of farrow to finish operation among the forecasting models of swine production in Korea. 3. Proper environments should be offered to pigs according to the growth. 4. The environmental control, the treatment of swine wastewater, and so on should be interrelated. 5. Manual energy should be saved by effective arrangements of pig-housings. In the future, performance test of the Korean pig-housings and development of facility automation systems which are suitable to these should be accomplished.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.461-466
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 미생물연료전지를 이용하여 액비를 처리하고 동시에 유용한 전기에너지 발생이 가능한지를 실험한 것이다. 탄소섬유전극(graphite felt)와 스테인레스 스틸망을 다른 비율로 충진한 single-chamber 미생물연료전지를 이용하였으며 탄소섬유전극보다 스테인레스망을 더 많이 충진한 미생물연료전지를 대조구(CMFC)로 하여 탄소섬유전극이 더 많이 충진된 미생물연료전지(SMFC)와 서로 비교하였다. 농화 배양이 끝난 후, SMFC로부터 발생되는 전류는 $3.167{\pm}80\;mg/L$ 의 액비를 공급할 때 18 mA가 안정적으로 발생되었다. 이때 최대 전력밀도와 전류밀도는 각각 $680\;mW/m^3$와 $3,770\;mA/m^3$이었으며, CMFC의 전력밀도와 전류밀도보다는 높았다. 화학적산소요구량(COD)는 SMFC와 CMFC에서 $3.718{\pm}80\;mg/L$에서 $865{\pm}21$과 $930{\pm}14\;mg/L$로 감소하여 각각 72.7%와 70.6%가 감소되었다. SMFC와 CMFC로부터 부유물질(SS)은 99% 이상이 감소되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 SMFC의 암모니아성질소, 질산성질소, 그리고 인산염인과 같은 영향물질 농도의 변화도 각각 65.4%, 57.5%, 그리고 73.7%이 감소되었으며 CMFC의 경우도 거의 유사한 제거율을 보였다. 이들 결과로부터 저가 재료가 충진한 미생물 연료전지를 이용함으로써 경제적 효과를 기대할 수 있음은 물론 가축분뇨로부터 적지만 전기 에너지가 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제28권11호
• /
• pp.983-991
• /
• 2019

This study investigated the use of a hydroxyl-radicals-generated microbubble/catalyst (MB/Cat) system for removing organic pollutants, nitrogen, and phosphorous from liquid fertilizer produced by livestock wastewater treatment. Use of the MB/Cat system aims to improve the quality of liquid fertilizer by removing pollutants originally found in the wastewater. In addition, a reduction effect has been reported for antibiotics classified as representative non-biodegradable matter. Samples of liquid fertilizer produced by an aerobic biological reactor for swine wastewater treatment were first analyzed for initial concentrations of pollutants and antibiotics. When the MB/Cat system was applied to the liquid fertilizer, TCOD, TOC, $BOD_5$, and $NH_3-N$, and $PO_4-P$ removal efficiencies were found to be approximately 52%, 51%, 30%, 21%, and 66%, respectively. Additionally, Amoxicillin hydrate was removed by 10%, and Chlortetracycline HCl and Florfenicol were not present at detectable levels These findings confirm that the MB/Cat system can be used with livestock wastewater treatment to improve liquid fertilizer quality and to process wastewater that is safe for agricultural re-use.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제22권11호
• /
• pp.2047-2058
• /
• 2000

양돈폐수의 효율적인 혐기성 처리를 위하여 실험실 규모 UASB, AF, 그리고 이단 ASBF 생물반응기를 구성하고 HRT 1일과 OLR $5.1kg-COD/m^3{\cdot}d$까지 200일간 연속운전하고 운전인자가 공정에 미치는 영향과 처리효율을 비교하였다. 양돈폐수는 유기물, 고형물, 그리고 암모니아를 고농도로 함유하고 있으며 축사의 형태와 계절의 변화에 큰 영향을 받는다. 하수종말처리장 혐기성 소화조 잉여 슬러지에 의한 혐기성 생물반응기의 식종은 효과적이었으며 적응기간은 약 40일 정도 소요되었으나 media로 충전된 필터형 생물반응기인 AF와 이단 ASBF의 적응 속도가 UASB보다 빨랐다. 유입수 T-N 370~800mg/L에서 생물반응기는 77~91% 의 높고 안정된 COD 제거율을 보였으나 유입수 T-N 760~1,310 mg/L에서 COD 제거율은 24~94%로 불안정하였으며 전반적으로 감소되었다. 양돈폐수에 함유된 암모니아는 메탄균에 대한 저해작용을 나타낼 수 있는 충분한 농도이므로 효율적인 혐기성 소화처리를 위하여 전처리로서 암모니아의 제거는 필수적이다. 생물반응기는 $1.1{\sim}2.2kg-COD/m^3{\cdot}d$의 비교적 낮은 OLR에서 COD 제거효율은 78.9~81.5%, 그리고 biogas 발생량은 $0.39{\sim}0.59m^3/kg-COD_r$로 효과적이었으나 유입수 COD의 증가 혹은 HRT 단축운전에 의한 OLR의 증가에 따라 COD 제거효율은 감소하였으며 UASB는 AF와 이단 ASBF보다 COD 제거효율 감소폭이 컸다. AF와 이단 ASBF는 충전된 media와 이단화에 의하여 biomass의 보유능력이 우수하며 높은 OLR에도 안정적이며 높은 COD 제거율올 나타내므로 고농도의 유기물을 함유하며 축사의 형태와 계절에 따라 특성의 변화가 큰 양돈폐수의 처리에 효율적이다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.86-92
• /
• 2004

Lab-scale experiments have been carried out to investigate ammonia stripping with a modified spray tower for removing ammonia nitrogen from swine wastewater. The operating conditions such as initial pH, temperature, air flow, hole size of distributor determining the diameter of water drops, and influent solids concentration were closely examined focusing on removal efficiency of ammonia. As a result of the experiment, in order to achieve high rate of ammonia removal by the air stripping system, the air flow rate must be supplied at high rate with sufficiently high initial pH, temperature. The optimum operating condition to meet the residual ammonia concentration of 300 mg/L was the initial pH of 11.0 at $35^{\circ}C$ with the air flow rate of 20 L/min. It also showed that the smaller hole size is, the higher removal rate of ammonia is expected. However, when used a small sized distributor (2 mm), the flooding problem at the upper column occurred due to clogging of the hole. With regard to the influent solids concentration, it was showed that the lower concentration of solids, the higher removal rate of ammonia. The removal of particulate materials in influent led to improve the removal efficiency of ammonia, rather than to control the operating condition including initial pH, temperature, and air flow. The empirical correlation between KLa and operating parameters would be driven as, $K_{La}=(0.0003T-0.0047){\cdot}G^{0.3926}{\cdot}L^{-0.5169}{\cdot}C^{-0. 1849}$. The calculated $K_{La}$ from proposed formula can be used effectively to estimate the optimum reaction time and to calculate the volume of modified spray tower system.