• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to apply a nested-polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay to detect and differentiate PCV 2a and PCV 2b. The compared with nPCR and one-step PCR and nPCR showed more sensitive in the detection of PCV-2 from tissue and blood samples. The total of 52 tissue samples was collected from postweanning pigs from 2006 to 2010. All tissue samples showed positive for PCV-2 in one-step PCR and nPCR, followed by the nPCR in order to identify the genotypes of PCV-2. 2 samples (3.8%) showed positive for PCV 2a, and 35 samples were positive for PCV 2b (67.3%), 15 samples (28.9%) were positive the dual genotypes. In addition, 42 blood samples which were collected from the 5 different swine farms were compared figure out the detection rates of nPCR and one-step PCR. The PCV 2 was positive by one-step PCR in 21 samples (50.0%) and nPCR was positive in 37 samples (88.1%). The PCV 2 genotypes in blood samples and 32 samples (76.2%) were positive for PCV 2b and none were positive for PCV 2a, 5 samples (11.9%) were positive for dual genotypes. These results suggest that the nPCR is very efficient for genotyping blood samples and differentiating the genotypes of PCV-2 from field samples.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2019

Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) accumulation is a constitutional disorder resulting from metabolic syndrome. Although surgical and non-surgical methods for reducing SAT exist, patients remain non-compliant because of potential adverse effects and cost. In this study, we developed a new minimally-invasive approach to achieve SAT reduction, using a microneedle (MN) patch prepared from gelatin, which is capable of regulating fat metabolism. Four gelatin types were used: three derived from fish (SA-FG, GT-FG 220, and GT-FG 250), and one from swine (SM-PG 280). We applied gelatin-based MN patches five times over 4 weeks to rats with high-fat diet (HD)-induced obesity, and determined the resulting amount of SAT. We also investigated the histological features and determined the expression levels of fat metabolism-associated genes in SAT using hematoxylin and eosin staining and western blotting, respectively. SAT decreased following treatment with all four gelatin MN patches. Smaller adipocytes were observed in the regions treated with SA-FG, GT-FG 250, and SM-PG 280 MNs, demonstrating a decline in fat accumulation. The expression levels of fat metabolism-associated genes in the MN-treated SAT revealed that GT-FG 220 regulates fatty acid synthase (FASN) protein levels. These findings suggest that gelatin MN patches aid in decreasing the quantity of unwanted SAT by altering lipid metabolism and fat deposition.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.375-377
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• 2001

Rectal stricture occurred in 2 finishing pigs submitted for necropsy from Moguchon, the meat processing plant, chonbuk. Grossly, the wall of the rectum was harden and thickened by fibrous tissue. Anteriro to the stricture, the descending colon was dilated up to 30cm in diameter, filled with gas and pasty green fluidal feces. Histologically, the epithelia of rectal mucosa were necrotized. The mucosa and submucosa of rectum were infiltrated by macrophages, eosinophils and lymphocytes. This infiltration was the most extensive in the deeper layer of submucosa and intensive fibrosis was observed in deeper submucosa layer. This case is report for rectal stricture of finishing pig.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 1976

The tuberculin test have been widely utilized to diagnose tuberculosis of the dairy cattle. It was reported that approximately 70% of the dairy cattle with positive tuberculin reaction in Korea had been non-pathogenic lesion. So the studies on the specific method to diagnose tuberculosis of them is really need in Korea. Therefore this study investigated upon the diagnostic method for cattle tuberculosis in the aspect of cellular-immunology. The results obtained in this investigation are summarized as follows: 1. All the tuberculin tests to the swine inoculated with BCG.(B group), Mycobacterium avium (A group) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (S group), respectively, were represented high positive reaction and were no differences in the species of inoculated bacteria. 2. In the migration inhibition test using Iymphocyte in circulating blood of the swine inoculated with three species of acid-fast bacteria respectively, the test to A group was represented slight positive for migration in the presence of $15{\mu}g/ml$-PPD and the other reaction were clear and total positive for migration inhibition in the presence of $25{\mu}g/ml$-PPD or more, and the test to B group was the same results as to A group approximately. The test to S group was represented slight positive for migration inhibition in the presence of $15{\mu}g/ml$-PPD, but the results were the same in the presence of $25{\mu}g/ml$-PPD and $35{\mu}g/ml$-PPD. These results showed that there were remarkable differences between group A, B and group S in the presence of $25{\mu}g/ml$-PPD and $35{\mu}g/ml$-PPD. 3. The transformation rates of lymphocyte in PPD treated tissue culture had no significance without any relation between PPD treatment and non-treatment but A group and B group showed significance. And A group and B group showed high significance in comparison with N group and S group in the LSD examination. 4. The infection rated in lymphocyte of BCG inoculated after 3 days tissue culturing were represented those of high infection but its cellular degeneration rates almost did not change. The infection rates in bacilli in N group and S group were low but after 3 days inoculation it shewed higher cellular degeneration.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.36.1-36.9
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• 2020

Background: Pseudorabies, also known as Aujeszky's disease, is caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV) and has been recognized as a critical disease affecting the pig industry and a wide range of animals around the world, resulting in great economic losses each year. Shandong province, one of the most vital food animal-breeding regions in China, has a very dense pig population, within which pseudorabies infections were detected in recent years. The data, however, on PRV epidemiology and coinfection rates of PRV with other major swine diseases is sparse. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the PRV epidemiology in Shandong and analyze the current control measures. Methods: In this study, a total number of 16,457 serum samples and 1,638 tissue samples, which were collected from 362 intensive pig farms (≥ 300 sows/farm) covered all cities in Shandong, were tested by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Overall, 52.7% and 91.5% of the serum samples were positive for PRV-gE and -gB, respectively, based on ELISA results. In addition, 15.7% of the tissue samples were PCR positive for PRV. The coinfection rates of PRV with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and classical swine fever virus were measured; coinfection with PCV2 was 35.0%, higher than those of the other two viruses. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were observed in various tissues during histopathological examination. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the PRV prevalence and its coinfection rates in Shandong province and indicate that pseudorabies is endemic in pig farms in this region. This study provides epidemiological data that can be useful in the prevention and control of pseudorabies in Shandong, China.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1051-1057
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 광학적 방법으로 곡면변형률을 측정하고자 할 때, 소재 표면이 임의의 곡면이거나 요철이 많은 경우, 부식이나 오염으로 표면이 불량한 경우, 그리고 고무나 폼, 생체 조직 등과 같이 규칙적인 격자망을 인쇄하기 어려운 경우에도 적용할 수 있는 자동 곡면변형률 측정시스템 'ASIAS-bio'를 개발하였다. 이 시스템은 시편의 재질과 표면상태, 격자 패턴과 크기, 격자 마킹 방법, 변형 정도 등 측정 조건에 관계없이 사용이 가능한 것이 특징이다. 우선 그 신뢰성을 평가하기 위하여 금속판재 성형제품의 변형률 분포를 상용 장비로 측정한 결과와 비교하였다. 또한, 돼지 어깨 관절막, 인체 무릎 피부 등 연질 생체 조직의 변형 측정에 적용함으로써 본 시스템의 유용성을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2018

Objective: DNA methylation plays a major role in regulating the expression of genes related to traits of economic interest (e.g., weight gain) in livestock animals. This study characterized and investigated the functional inferences of genome-wide DNA methylome in the loin (longissimus dorsi) muscle (LDM) of swine. Methods: A total of 8.99 Gb methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequence data were obtained from LDM samples of eight Duroc pigs (four pairs of littermates). The reference pig genome was annotated with 78.5% of the raw reads. A total of 33,506 putative methylated regions (PMR) were identified from methylated regions that overlapped at least two samples. Results: Of these, only 3.1% were commonly observed in all eight samples. DNA methylation patterns between two littermates were as diverse as between unrelated individuals (p = 0.47), indicating that maternal genetic effects have little influence on the variation in DNA methylation of porcine LDM. The highest density of PMR was observed on chromosome 10. A major proportion (47.7%) of PMR was present in the repeat regions, followed by introns (21.5%). The highest conservation of PMR was found in CpG islands (12.1%). These results show an important role for DNA methylation in species- and tissue-specific regulation of gene expression. PMR were also significantly related to muscular cell development, cell-cell communication, cellular integrity and transport, and nutrient metabolism. Conclusion: This study indicated the biased distribution and functional role of DNA methylation in gene expression of porcine LDM. DNA methylation was related to cell development, cell-cell communication, cellular integrity and transport, and nutrient metabolism (e.g., insulin signaling pathways). Nutritional and environmental management may have a significant impact on the variation in DNA methylation of porcine LDM.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.551-558
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• 2017

조직특이적 프로모터 및 벡터를 연구하고 검증하기 위해서는 조직 및 종의 특이성을 유지하는 세포 시스템을 개발하는 것이 바람직하다. 이러한 시스템은 형질전환동물 모델에 대한 효과적인 대안이다. 우리는 베타 카제인 (CSN2)의 세포 형태와 mRNA 수준에 기초하여 일차 배양으로부터 돼지 유선 상피 세포 주 (PMECs)를 확립하였다. 선택된 PMECs는 cytokeratin 항체에 의해 염색되었으며, 유선 상피 세포에 존재한다고 생각되어지는 유즙 단백질 유전자 (CSN2, 락토페린 및 유청 단백질)를 발현하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 3D 배양에서 PMECs932-7의 acini 구조를 확인하기 위해 살아있는 세포를 핵산에 결합하는 SYTO-13으로 염색하였다. 우리는 마트리겔 (matrigel)에 있는 PMECs의 acini가 말초 세포의 응집에 의해 형성되고 공간의 lumen을 특징으로 한다는 것이 관찰하였다. 우리는 PMECs의 matrigel 사용법과 세포 밀도를 포함한 세포 배양 조건의 영향을 시험함으로서 시스템을 시연했다. 이러한 결과는 PMCEs의 유선 상피 세포는 유전적 또는 구조적 특징을 갖고 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2010

This study was conducted to compare proteins expressed in M. longissimus from Hanwoo and Holstein steers immediately after slaughter. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE)/LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the total number of detectable protein spots from longissimus muscle tissues was slightly higher in Hanwoo ($575{\pm}65$) than Holstein ($534{\pm}13$) steers, but that these numbers were not statistically significant due to large variation between replicates. A total of twelve protein spots did not match between sample groups, eight of which were expressed in the Hanwoo sample and four that were expressed in the Holstein sample. The protein spots detected in the Hanwoo sample included smooth muscle and non-muscle myosin alkali light chain 6B isomers, ${\alpha}B$ crystallin isomers, hemoglobin ${\beta}$-A chains, slow myosin heavy chains, and slow skeletal muscle troponin T chains. Collectively, these proteins are a class of slow-twitch muscle fiber and mirror that Hanwoo muscle tissue sampled for the current study contained more slow-twitch muscle fibers than Holstein one. Conversely, proteins detected from the Holstein sample included ankyrin repeat domain 2 and creatin kinase isomers. Given that creatin kinase isomers are related to the fast-twitch muscle, these results likely indicate that Holstein muscle tissue sampled for the current study contained more fast-twitch muscle fibers than Hanwoo beef.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.378-381
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• 2001

Sulfamethazine has been widely used in swine for prevention or treatment of infections. Recently, the safety of the drug to consumers has been questioned because of carcinogenic effects. To prevent unwanted drug residues entering the human food chain, both government authorities and industries have established extensive control measures. The demands for reliable, simple, sensitive, rapid and low-cost methods for residue analysis of foods are increasing nowadays. In this study, we established a rapid prediction test for the detection of cattle with violative tissue residues of sulfamethazine. The recommended therapeutic dose of sulfamethazine (withdrawal time, 15 days) was administered to each of 10 cattle. Blood was sampled before drug administration and during the withdrawal period. The concentration of sulfamethazine in plasma, determined by a semi-quantitative ELISA, was compared to that of an internal standard (10 ppb). The absorbance ratio of internal standard to sample (B/Bs) was employed as an index to determine whether drug residues in cattle tissues were negative or positive. That is, a B/Bs ratio less than 1 was considered residue positive and if larger than 1 was considered negative. All 10 plasma samples from non-treated cattle showed negative to sulfamethazine. Sulfamethazine was detected in plasmas of treated cattle until Day 7 of withdrawal period. The present study showed that the semi-quantitative ELISA could be easily adapted in predicting residues of sulfamethazine in live cattle.