• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2016

The study of radiation-hazard in the human skin tissue is carried out by direct irradiating to experimental animals. The influences of a radiation to the animal's skin tissue are analyzed from this experiment. However, this also accompanies losses in terms of both time and economy. In this study, we simulated human tissue by using a swine skin tissue. The depth of the swine skin tissue for the experiment is determined, and the amount of the direct radiation below this skin depth is analyzed numerically. The amount of the radiation occurred by exposure below the skin tissue can be inferred. Moreover, it is possible to use only cells effectively and animal experiments to analyze the body-hazard by radiation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 1971

60 cases of swine and bovine ovaries were investigated for detecting the homosiderin pigment by means of Perl's prussian blue reaction. The results abtained were as follows; 1. Among the 30 cases of normal adult swine ovaries, 20 cases (66.6%) were presented as positive. 2. The hemosiderin pigment was detected in corpus albicans, connective tissue of corpus luteum, theca externa of follicles and interstitial tissue of ovary in swine. 3. The morphological characteristics of the hemosiderin pigment of swine ovaries were fine and coarse granules or amorphous and homogenous pigment. 4. In 30 cases of bovine ovaries, the hemosiderin pigment was not detected.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.682-685
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• 2005

Large White, an introduced European pig breed, and Meishan, a Chinese indigenous pig breed, were hybridized directly and reciprocally and a total of 260 pigs, including purebreds, Large White and Meishan, and their hybrids, White${\times}$Meishan (LM) and Meishan${\times}$Large White (ML) pigs, were bred in our laboratory. The mRNA differential display PCR (DD-PCR) was used to detect the age-dependent changes of differential gene expression in backfat tissue between hybrids and parents. Some measures were taken to reduce the false positives in our experiment. Among the total of 2,686 bands obtained, 1,952 bands (about 72.67%) were reproducible and eight patterns (fifteen kinds) of gene expression were observed. The percentage of differentially expressed genes between hybrids and parents is 56.86% at the age of four months and 57.71% at the age of six months. This indicated that the differences of gene expression between hybrids and their parents were very obvious. U-test was used to compare the patterns of gene expression between the age of four and six months, and results showed that bands occurring in only one hybrid and bands displayed in one hybrid and one parent were significantly different at p<0.05, and bands visualized in only two hybrids were significantly different at p<0.01. These indicated that differential gene expression between hybrids and parents changed at different ages.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1532-1536
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• 2015

To verified the target genes of miR-34c, bioinformatics software was used to predict the targets of miR-34c. Three possible target genes of miR-34c related to spermatogenesis and male reproductive development: zinc finger protein 148 (ZNF148), kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) were predicted. Then, the expression of miR-34c and its target genes were detected in swine testicular tissue at different developmental stages by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results suggested that the expression of PDGFRA has the highest negative correlation with miR-34c. Then immunohistochemical staining was done to observe the morphology of swine testicular tissue at 2-days and 3, 4, 5-months of age, which indicated that PDGFRA was mainly expressed in the support cells near the basement membrane during the early development stages of testicular tissue, but that the expression of PDGFRA was gradually reduced in later stages. Therefore, western blot analyzed that the highest expression of PDGFRA was generated in 2-days old testicular tissues and the expression levels reduced at 3 and 4-months old, which correlated with the results of immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, PDGFRA is a target gene of miR-34c.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1253-1264
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• 2015

This study assessed the fertilizing value of struvite deposit recovered from swine wastewater in cultivating Chinese cabbage. Struvite deposit was compared with commercial fertilizers: complex, organic and compost to evaluate the fertilizing effect of struvite deposit. Laboratory pot test obviously presented that the struvite deposit more facilitated the growth of Chinese cabbage than organic and compost fertilizers even though complex fertilizer was the most effective in growing Chinese cabbage. It was revealed that the growth rate of Chinese cabbage was simultaneously controlled by phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Also, the nutrients such as nitrogen (N), P, K, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were abundantly observed in the vegetable tissue of struvite pot. Specifically, P was the most abundant component in the vegetable tissue of struvite pot. Meanwhile, the utilization of struvite as a fertilizer led to the lower accumulation of chromium ($Cr^{6+}$) than other pots, except for compost fertilizer pots, and no detection of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) in the Chinese cabbage. The experimental results proved that the optimum struvite dosage for the cultivation of Chinese cabbage was 2.0 g struvite/kg soil. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that the struvite deposits recovered from swine wastewater were effective as a multi-nutrient fertilizer for Chinese cabbage cultivation.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2016

This study evaluated the fertilizing value of struvite deposit recovered from swine wastewater in cultivating lettuce. Struvite deposit was compared to complex fertilizer, organic fertilizer and compost to evaluate the fertilizing effect of struvite deposit. Laboratory pot test showed that the struvite deposit better enhanced lettuce growth in comparison to commercial fertilizers. It was revealed that the growth rate of lettuce was simultaneously controlled by phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg). Moreover, nutrients such as nitrogen (N), P, K, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were abundantly observed in the vegetable tissue of struvite pot. Meanwhile, struvite application led to the lower accumulation of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), chromium ($Cr^{6+}$) and nickel (Ni). In addition, no detection of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) in the lettuce tissue was observed in struvite application pots. The experimental results proved that the optimum struvite dosage for lettuce cultivation was 0.5 g struvite/kg soil. The column experiments clearly showed that ammonia nitrogen was more slowly released from struvite deposit than from complex fertilizer. Consequently, it was concluded that the struvite deposits recovered from swine wastewater were effective as a multi-nutrient fertilizer for lettuce cultivation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2005

The objectives of the current study were to develop polyclonal antibodies in sheep against adipocyte plasma membrane(APM) proteins isolated from swine, to investigate tissue specificity, and to determine cytotoxic effects of antiserum on swine adipocytes. Plasma membrane proteins from adipocyte, brain, heart, kidney, liver, and spleen were isolated using a 32% sucrose gradient. Adult male sheep was immunized three times at three week interval with the purified swine APM proteins. Antiserum was taken from immunized sheep at 10, 12, and 14 days after the third immunization. Antiserum expressed strong reactivity with APM proteins determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and the reactivity could be detected at dilutions in excess of 1 : 81,000. Antiserum showed very low binding affinity with proteins isolated from brain, heart, kidney, liver, or spleen. Tissue specificity of the antiserum was reconfirmed by Western immunoblotting using anti-sheep immunoglobulin G•alkalinephosphatase conjugate as a secondary antibody. The reactivity of antiserum to the external surface of fixed swine adipocytes was confmned by an immunohistochemical technique using anti-sheep immunoglobulin G-FITC. Confluent swine adipocytes in culture were lysed by antiserum treatment and cytosolie lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) was released as a dose-dependent patterns while adipocytes treated with normal sheep serum maintained their integrity and expressed low level of LDH. These results implicate that fat contents in the pigs can be reduced by immunological methods.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2009

MR compatible coaxial-slot antenna for microwave hyperthermia was developed while its structure and size of each part were determined by computer simulation using finite element method(FEM). Its local heating performance was evaluated using tissue-mimic phantom and swine muscles. 2% agarose gel mixed with 6mM/$\ell$ $MnCl_2$ as a biological tissue-mimic phantom was heated by the proposed antenna driven by a 2.45GHz microwave generator. The temperature changes of the phantom were monitored using multi-channel digital thermometer at the distance of 0mm, 5mm, 10mm and 20mm from the tip center of the antenna. Also muscle tissue of swine was heated for 2 and 5minutes with 50W and 30W of microwave generator powers, respectively, to evaluate the local heating performance of the antenna. MRI compatibility was also verified by acquiring MR images and MR temperature map. MR signals were acquired from the agarose gel phantom using $T2^*$ GRE sequence with 1.5T clinical MRI scanner(Signa Echospeed, GE, Milwaukee, WI, U.S.A.) at Pusan Paik Hospital and were transferred to PC in order to reconstruct MR images and temperature map using proton resonance frequency(PRF) method and laboratory-developed phase unwrapping algorithm. Authors found that it has no severe distortion due to the antenna inserted into the phantom. Finally, we can conclude that the suggested coaxial-slot antenna has an excellent local heating performance for both of tissue-mimic phantom and swine muscle, and it is compatible to 1.5T MRI scanner.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.100-105
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• 2007

This study examined the effects of dietary ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}CD$) on the cholesterol of blood and tissues of swine. Thirty six male castrated swine ($Landrace{\times}Yolkshire{\times}Duroc$) weighing 50 kg were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups until their weight reached 110 kg. The groups were: basal diet without ${\beta}CD$ (control) and basal diets containing 1.5%, 3.0%, or 5.0% ${\beta}CD$. Diets and water were offered ad libitum. No significant difference was found between treatments in terms of feeding performance measured by daily intake, daily weight gain, and feed efficiency. Addition of ${\beta}CD$ to the diets significantly reduced total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in swine blood, particularly in the group receiving 5.0% ${\beta}CD$, which showed decreases (p<0.05) of 21.9%, 55.6% and 27.7%, respectively. Cholesterol levels in back fat, loin, belly and ham portions of swine fed ${\beta}CD$ significantly differed (p<0.05) from controls, especially in the 5.0% ${\beta}CD$-fed group, with reductions of 26.0%, 27.5%, 17.9% and 18.3%, respectively. These results suggested that the addition of ${\beta}CD$ to the diet of swine could reduce their body cholesterol by decreasing the migration of cholesterol through the blood.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.343-347
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• 2008

Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity were measured in the atrium of a swine heart. Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation in an atrium has rapidly emerged at the treatment of symptomatic reentrant arrhythmia associated with accessory pathway or Atrioventricular (AV) node conduction. The thermal properties of an atrium are definitely necessary for these treatments because, in thermal treatments, conductivity and diffusivity are significant factors in the relationship between the applied RF power and the resulting atrium temperature rise. Thermal properties were measured using a self-heated thermistor probe. Thermistor probes were inserted into the tissue of interest and were used to supply heat within the tissue as well as to monitor the temperature rise in the tissue. The measurements were performed at temperatures of 25, 37, $50^{\circ}C$. Atrium thermal conductivity ranged from 5.17$\pm$0.12 mW/cm$^{\circ}C$ at $25^{\circ}C$ to 5.33$\pm$0.08 mW/cm$^{\circ}C$ at $37^{\circ}C$. Atrium thermal diffusivity ranged from 0.00132$\pm$0.00007$cm^2$/sec at $25^{\circ}C$ to 0.00138$\pm$0.00003 $cm^2$/sec at $50^{\circ}C$. This paper also present the thermal property comparison of both chambers of a heart (ventricle and atria).