• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

The effects of turning frequency of in-vessel composting on ammonia emissions during composting of separated solids from swine slurry/sawdust mixtures and performance of biofiltration using the chicken manure compost were investigated. Separated solids from swine manure amended with sawdust was composted in a 226 L laboratory-scale in-vessel reactors under various turning frequency and continuous airflow (0.6 L/min.kg.dm) for three weeks. Three laboratory-scale manure compost biofilters were built to treat effluent gas from the composting of separated solid from swine manure amened with sawdust process. These experiments were continued over a period of three weeks. The composting of separated solid swine manure amended with sawdust and manure compost biofiltration system were evaluated to determine the turning frequency type that would be adequate for the rate of decomposition and compost odour reduction. The compost odour cleaning was measured based on ammonia gas concentration before and after passing through the manure compost biofilter. The average ammonia odor reduction in the manure compost biofilter was 96.9 % at R1 (no turning), 99.4 % at R2(once a day turning) and 89.0 % at R3(twice a day turning), respectively. The efficiency of ammonia reduction was mainly influenced by the turning frequency.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2008

In this paper an optimum design of a lab-scale biofilter for absorbing ammonia has been proposed and analyzed. This biofilter is using pine chaff and wood shaving as filter materials. It is assumed that the biofilter can be used as a storage tank of swine manure slurry or swine stall. To evaluate the biofilter performance, the ammonia, mainly offensive odor ingredient, was measured. Swine compost was mixed with filter materials in ratio of 1:1 on weight base. Each test continued for 20 days. The ammonia emissions were reduced by 97.9% and 98.3% in case of using biofilter filled with pine chaff and compost, and wood shaving and compost, respectively. The system was tested with and without adding compost. It was found that the biofilter with wood shaving and compost has an ammonia removal efficiency of 94.1%, while biofilter with wood shaving only has 85.3%. The biofilter with wood shaving and compost showed 8.8% higher removal efficiency than that of wood shaving only. By mixing the compost, the number of microorganism was found to be about 2.3 times more than that of wood shaving only. Therefore it can be concluded that adding compost has a positive effect on the formation of microorganism.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2013

This study was to investigate the effect of addition levels of odor reducing contents on reducing the concentration of odorous compounds. Slurry treatments included three levels mixture of horseradish powder (HP), mushroom waste (MW) and probiotics powder (PP), and non-treatment control (n=4 each group). Levels of odorous compounds were measured from the liquid slurry incubated in room temperature ($20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$) for 2 wk in chamber whose structure is similar to slurry pit. Concentration of phenols and indoles was lower (p<0.05) in level 1, which was mixed HP 0.01%, MW 0.4% and PP 0.004% (98.69, 1.87 ppm) compared to control. Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and branched chain fatty acid (BCFA) was lowest (p<0.05) level 1 (6,557, 1675 ppm). Taken together, lower level are effective in reducing odorous compounds in pig slurry.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 축산농가의 사육규모에 따른 사육형태, 분뇨처리 방법, 악취저감 방법 등과 계절별 성장단계별 돈사 내 악취농도와 환기방식이 다른 두 농장의 부지경계 지점의 악취농도를 조사 연구하고자 하였다. 1. 돈사 내 암모니아 발생량을 조사한 결과 겨울철 육성비육돈사의 암모니아 농도가 가장 높았다. 그 이유는 돈사 보온을 위해 적정 환기 유지보다 밀폐 강화 등의 결과로 돈사 내 발생한 암모니아 배출이 적어 농도가 높아지는 것으로 보였다. 2. 돈사 내 악취농도 조사 결과 사육규모와 환기 방식이 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 환기방식이 다른 농장 두 곳의 부지경계 지점을 조사하고 악취농도를 측정한 결과 부지경계 인근까지 돈사시설이 활용되고 있었다. 암모니아($NH_3$)는 한곳의 농장에서 1.64 ppm으로 조금 높게 검출되었으며 $H_{2}S$, $CH_{3}SH$, $(CH_3)_2S$, $(CH_3)_2S_2$는 악취방지 법의 배출 허용기준 이하로 검출되었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.115-118
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• 1975

1. The daily gain of the artificially induced cryptorchid pigs increased when compared with that of the castrated pigs, but less than that of the non-treated normal pigs. 2. The meat quality was only partially improved as the sex odor was not completely eliminated by inducing cryptorchidism. 3. Exogenous gonadotropins could not induce the normal spermatogenesis in the cryptorchid swine.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1539-1549
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to compare the sampling methods for monitoring indoles (phenol, p-cresol, indole and skatole) in airs of swine facility. As the collecting methods of indoles in air, Tenax-TA adsorption tube and solid phase microextraction (SPME) were examined. For the preparation of calibration curves of indoles concentrated in Tenax-TA, the standard indoles solutions were spiked in each of Tenax-TA tubes and thermally desorbed (ATD) into a gas chromatograph combined with mass detector (GC/MS). And for the preparation of calibration curves by SPME, indoles in the standard gaseous solution prepared by evaporating the aqueous solution that contained indoles into a polyester sampling bag were extracted with SPME fiber and subsequently analyzed by the GC/MS. Two sampling methods were evaluated for extracting indoles present in swine building environments. Results indicated that the SPME method using Polydimethylsiloxane/ Divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber was more effective than Tenax-TA method in extracting indoles. The gas chromatographic analysis showed that the linearities of calibration curves and detection limits were useful for detection of indoles in swine airs. The field tests also showed that considerably different levels of indoles were present in various parts of the swine building.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.424-431
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• 2016

The nutrients in livestock manure produced during fermentation processes in public livestock recycling centers are used as fertilizers. However, the large amounts of swine manure produced in intensive livestock farms can be a nonpoint source of pollution. In this experiment, we investigated the chemical properties, inorganic components, and heavy metal contents in 101 samples of liquid swine manure collected from 28 public livestock recycling centers throughout the nation. Results showed that the average pH of the samples was alkaline (pH range 5.18 to 9.54), and their maximum EC was $53.2dS\;m^{-1}$. The amounts of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were in the range of 1000 - 2000 and $200-800mg\;L^{-1}$ while potassium, which constituted 47% of the total inorganic ions recovered from the liquid swine manure, amounted to $1500mg\;L^{-1}$. The most distinctive heavy metals recovered from the liquid swine manure were copper and zinc although the amounts of both heavy metals were much lesser than those of the standards as livestock liquid fertilizer set by the Rural Development Administration. On the other hand, the amount of nitrogen decreased rapidly with an increasing fermentation period from immature to mature, assumed to be lost as volatile compounds, such as ammonia, which are the major odor components during the fermentation process.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2017

혼합유박은 황화물, 암모니아 그리고 아민이 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 악취 저감 미생물을 선별하기 위해 물과 혼합유박이 포함된 바이얼을 농화 배양하였다. 황화물 저감 미생물의 분리를 위해 황화수소 및 메틸메르캅탄 저감 활성실험을 수행하였다. 대조군에는 100 ml 바이알에 혼합유박(0.25 g)과 증류수(10 ml)를 넣어 악취를 발생시켰으며 실험군에는 대조군 바이알과 같은 상태에서 분리균주를 접종하였다. 분리균주 중에서 황화합물의 저감효율이 가장 높은 균주를 일반적인 동정 방법인 16S rRNA sequence 분석으로 동정 결과 Brevundimonas diminuta로 동정되었으며 KCTC에 기탁하여 기탁번호 KCTC11724BP를 부여받았다. B. diminuta는 황화수소 표준가스를 200 ppmv까지 24시간내에 모두 제거하였다. 또한, 황화수소와 메틸머캅탄의 최대 제거 효율은 바이알 실험에서 453 ppmv과 98 ppmv에서 각각 100% 효율을 나타냈다. 또한 돈분을 이용한 악취발생반응기에서는 접종량 20% (v/weight of swine manure)일 때 황화물 95% 이상 제거 효율을 나타냈다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2003

$TAO^{TM}$ System is an auto-heated thermophilic aerated digestion process using a proprietary microbe called as a Phototropic Bacteria (PTB). High metabolic activity results in heat generation, which enables to produce a pathogen-free and digested liquid fertilizer at short retention times. TAO$^{TM}$ system has been developed to reduce a manure volume and convert into the liquid fertilizer using swine manure since 1992. About 100 units have been installed and operated in Korean swine farms so far. TAO$^{TM}$ system consists of a reactor vessel and ejector-type aeration pumps and foam removers. The swine slurry manure enters into vessel with PTB and is mixed and aerated. The process is operated at detention times from 2 to 4 days and temperature of 55 to $65^{\circ}C$. Foams are occurred and broken down by foam removers to evaporate water contents. Generally, at least 30% of water content is evaporated, 99% of volatile fatty acids caused an odor are removed and pathogen destruction is excellent with fecal coliform, rotavirus and salmonella below detection limits. The effluent from TAO$^{TM}$ system, called as the "TAO EFFLUX", is screened and has superb properties as a fertilizer. Normally N-P-K contents of screened TAO Efflux are 4.7 g/L, 0.375 g/L and 2.8 g/L respectively. The fertilizer effect of TAO EFFLUX compared to chemical fertilizer has been demonstrated and studied with various crops such as rice, potato, cabbage, pumpkin, green pepper, parsley, cucumber and apple. Generally it has better fertilizer effects and excellent soil fertility improvement effects. Moreover, the TAO EFFLUX is concentrated through membrane technology without fouling problems for a cost saving of long distance transportation and a commercialization (crop nutrient commodity) to a gardening market, for example.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.308-316
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to determine reduction of various odorous materials from a swine farm equipped with a continuous pit recirculation system (CPRS) with aerobically treated liquid manure. Methods: The CPRS is used in swine farms in South Korea, primarily to improve air quality in pig houses. In this study, CPRS consists of a manure aerobic treatment system and a fit recirculation system; the solid fraction is separated and composted, whereas the aerobically treated liquid fraction (290.0%±21.0% per day of total stored swine slurry) is continuously returned to the pit. Four confinement pig barns in three piggery farms were used; two were equipped with CPRS and the other two operated a slurry pit under the slatted floor. Results: All chemical contents of slurry pit manure in the control were greater than those of slurry pit manure in the CRPS treatment (p<0.05). Electrical conductivity and pH contents did not differ among treatments. The biological oxygen demand of the slurry pit treatment was greater than that of the other treatments (p<0.05). Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen contents of the slurry pit treatment were greater than those of other treatments (p<0.05). Odor intensity of the CPRS treatment was lower than that of the control at indoor, exhaust, and outside sampling points (p<0.05). The temperature and carbon dioxide of the CPRS treatment in the pig barn was significantly lower than those of control (p<0.05). All measured odorous material contents of the CPRS group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The CPRS application in pig farms is considered a good option as it continuously reduces the organic load of animal manure and lowers the average odorant concentration below the threshold of detecting odorous materials.