• 연구논문집
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• s.30
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• pp.67-77
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics and performance of model Decanter for separating swine wastewater to solid and liquid which is slurry state with 12.6% TS. Swine wastewater of the slurry tank was pumped into model Decanter which capacity was $2m^3$/hr in 10% TS Slurry inside of bowl was separated to solid-liquid by centrifugal acceleration. Sampling was done in the section of slurry feed pipe, supernatant outflow pipe, cake discharge pipe. After solid-liquid separation TS, $COD_cr$ and slurry volume reduction effect represented 38%, 40%, 19.6% respectively. Relation factor of model Decanter operation slurry concentration, optimum retention time of slurry, overflow velocity of supernatant, supernatant concentration, sludge removal rate etc. Optimal operation conditions can be set and evaluated efficiency based on the experimental results in the case of Decanter adopted for solid-liquid separation in highly concentrated swine wastewater.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1999

Manure management is a top priority on both dairy and swine farrns at present. This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different types and N rates of liquid manure on forage yield and quality of oats(Avena sativa L.) in Suweon, 1997. Seven treatments consisting of chemical fertilizer $120kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, liquid cattle manure 120, 240 and $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, and liquid swine manure 120, 240 and $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. As increasing N rate of the liquid manure, the plant height was increased, but dry matter content of oats was decreased as increasing liquid manure N rate. There were significant differences in dry matter yield of oats among the liquid manure N rates(P<0.05). Crude protein(CP) content of oats ranged from 14.7 to 24.1% (P<0.05), and CP yield was orderly ranked as liquid swine manure $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$>liquid cattle manure $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$>liquid swine manure $240kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$(P<0.05). Acid detergent fiber(ADF) content of the liquid cattle manure treatment showed a slightly higher than that of the liquid swine manure treatment(P<0.05). Neutral detergent fiber(NDF) content of the liquid cattle manure treatment was lower than that of the liquid swine manure treatment(P<0.05). Relative feed value(RFV) of the liquid cattle manure treatment decreased with increasing liquid manure N rates compared with that of the liquid swine manure treatment. Based on the results of this experiment, it is indicates that to increase the N rates from liquid manure application could be obtained from the increase of forage yield.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.181-190
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of swine liquid manure(SLM) and phosphorus fertilizer from September, 1998 to July, 1999 on the soil fertility on Italian ryegrass field, Cheju volcanic ash soil. pH(lst investigated), Mg (2nd investigated) and Cu content (2nd investigated) on soil grown by Italian ryegrass were significantly increased by an increase of fertilizer P(P

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2009

This study was carried out to determine the effect of swine liquid manure on the rice growth and yield in 2006. Field experiment was conducted under variable application rates; 100%, 120%, 150%, 180% N level of slurry based on 11 kg N 10a recommended amount of nitrogen. The experimental sites were located at Cheorwon in Gangwondo area. The results were summerized as follows; In the plot treated with swine liquid manure of 150% and 180% N levels, the plant height and tillers were higher, and the color of leaf was darker than that of 100% N level of swine liquid manure. Rice yield in the plot applied with 120% N slurry level was increased at 11%, but those of 150%, 180% N-level application plots were reduced 10, 19% compared to 100% N level, respectively. Rice quality of the 100 and 120% application plots of swine liquid manure was significantly better than those of 150 and 180% levels of application plots. Total nitrogen content in rice plant after harvesting was increased with increasing levels of swine liquid manure. The content of K in the soil was accumulated in plot treated with 150%, 180% slurry compared to control plot. The heavy metal contents in soils were not increased treated with swine liquid manure. The density of bacteria was low in the application plot of 180%N of liquid swine manure. The bacteria/fungi ratio was highest in 120% N level of liquid manure treatment.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of enzyme complex on odor emission from swine slurry and the process of making swine liquid manure. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations were significantly decreased by using the enzyme complex of liter per ton level of liquid swine slurry in the manure storage tank according to the time. Characteristics of liquid swine slurry were affected by the enzyme complex, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen contents were reduced compare with control. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations in the finishing pig building and offensive odor compound on the boundary line of swine farm were significantly decreased by spraying in swine finishing building. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study suggest that using the enzyme complex of liter per ton level of liquid swine slurry for making liquid swine manure may improve the quality of swine liquid fertilizer and reduce odor emission. Also farm scale enzyme complex treatment may improve air quality in finishing pig building and deduce offensive odor compound of swine farm.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.137-145
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of implementing a Liquid Manure Circulation System (LMCS) on the environmental improvement of swine farms. Bacterial counts at different circulation phases of the LMCS were measured. Air in the swine facility and the liquid manure in each step of LMCS were sampled and gaseous composition detected in swine farms both with and without LMCS to compare the environmental conditions in either case. There were no differences in the total bacteria count at any circulation phase in the LMCS. Escherichia coli were detected at a very low abundance only at the outlet of the slurry pit ($1.5{\times}10^2CFU/m{\ell}$). Salmonella were not detected at any phase. The LMCS clearly affected the odor strength of the swine farm and improved the air quality in the swine facility. On-site odor strength - inside, at the exhaust, and at the border of the swine facility - were clearly lowered in farms applying LMCS. Furthermore, the levels of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide were improved in swine facilities applying LMCS.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.424-431
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• 2016

The nutrients in livestock manure produced during fermentation processes in public livestock recycling centers are used as fertilizers. However, the large amounts of swine manure produced in intensive livestock farms can be a nonpoint source of pollution. In this experiment, we investigated the chemical properties, inorganic components, and heavy metal contents in 101 samples of liquid swine manure collected from 28 public livestock recycling centers throughout the nation. Results showed that the average pH of the samples was alkaline (pH range 5.18 to 9.54), and their maximum EC was $53.2dS\;m^{-1}$. The amounts of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were in the range of 1000 - 2000 and $200-800mg\;L^{-1}$ while potassium, which constituted 47% of the total inorganic ions recovered from the liquid swine manure, amounted to $1500mg\;L^{-1}$. The most distinctive heavy metals recovered from the liquid swine manure were copper and zinc although the amounts of both heavy metals were much lesser than those of the standards as livestock liquid fertilizer set by the Rural Development Administration. On the other hand, the amount of nitrogen decreased rapidly with an increasing fermentation period from immature to mature, assumed to be lost as volatile compounds, such as ammonia, which are the major odor components during the fermentation process.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.360-368
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• 2016

A more efficient use of nutrients can benefit both farmers and water quality. To propose an establishment scheme for official standards for liquid fertilizer from swine manure slurry, we evaluated previous and present data related to swine manure as well as analyzed 101 swine manure samples collected from 28 public livestock recycling centers throughout the nation. From these investigations, we found that the official standards for byproduct fertilizers set by the Rural Development Administration (RDA), especially for a liquid swine manure fertilizer, should be revised due to nutrient content requirements having to meet at least 0.3% content for the sum of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Otherwise, most of the swine manure cannot be utilized as a liquid fertilizer because the result of the 101 samples' analysis showed fewer than 28% of them met the minimum standard of ${\geq}0.3%$ content for the sum of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while the contents of heavy metals as indicators of toxicity met the standard requirements. Therefore, it is suggested that official standards for byproduct fertilizers set by RDA should be revised as follows: no limit for nutrient contents and addition of chloride as homogeneity. Also, NaCl should be changed to Na because NaCl cannot be analyzed by instrument.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.462-471
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• 2017

A more efficient use of nutrients from organic sources can benefit both farmers and water quality in agriculture. In this paper we reviewed information related to the regulations and guidelines of a swine liquid fertilizer to propose an establishment scheme for the official standards of swine manure slurry as a liquid fertilizer for organic farming. According to the law of establishment and designation of official standard of fertilizers, the liquid fertilizer made with pig liquid manure belongs to the byproduct fertilizer as of one of organic fertilizer. However, the official standards for byproduct fertilizers including the liquid fertilizer set by the Rural Development Administration (RDA), especially for a liquid swine manure fertilizer, should be revised to meet the goals of laws pursuing the environmentally sound agriculture, especially for organic farming because the terms and relevant standards need additional specific standards alike the standards such as impurities and parameter for declaration in EU. Therefore, it is suggested that official standards for byproduct fertilizers should be revised with respect to nutrient, salt content as of SAR and Na content instead of NaCl. Also we need to develop the maximum limit of heavy metals in soil to which the liquid fertilizer can be applied, as well as application rate depending on EC of the liquid fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 1999

This experiment was carried out to determine the forage yield and mineral contents of silage corn(Zea mays L.), and N balance, soil chemical characteristics and nitrate-N level in infiltration water by different types and N rates of liquid manure applied. Seven treatments consisting of chemical fertilizer $200kg\;N;ha^{-1}$, liquid cattle manure 200, 320 and $440kg\;N;ha^{-1}$, liquid swine manure 200, 320 and $440kg\;N;ha^{-1}$ were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results obtained at National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, in Suweon from May 1997 to Aug. 1997 are summarized as follows : There were no significant differences in percentage of dry matter among the treatments, but significant dry matter yield differences were found (P<0.05), and also the mean dry matter yield of liquid swine manure plot was higher than that of liquid cattle manure plot. Potassium, calcium and magnesium contents of silage corn increased with increasing liquid manure application rates (P<0.05). Nitrate-N content of silage corn in the liquid cattle manure treatments was not influenced by liquid manure application rates, but that in the liquid swine manure treatments increased with increasing the N rates of liquid manure application. pH and contents of exchangeable canons of the soil after experiment were raised by increasing the amount of liquid manure application. Available $P_2O_5$ content in topsoil(0-10cm) was highest as $340mg\;kg^{-1}$ at the plot of liquid swine manure $440kg\;N;ha^{-1}$. Concentration of nitrate-N in infiltration water increased at the plot of liquid swine manure $440kg\;N;ha^{-1}$. Amount of nitrogen balance increased with increasing liquid manure application rates. Based on the results of this experiment, it is suggested that the mean dry matter yield of liquid swine manure plot was higher than that of liquid cattle manure plot, and the amount of nitrogen balance increased with increasing liquid manure application.