• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.113-126
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• 1998

This study was conducted to develop pig-housings based on the forecasting models of swine production, the weather conditions, and so on in Korea. The Korean pig-housings were developed according to the following basis : 1. They should be suitable to domestic weather conditions. 2. They should be designed based on the forecasting models of swine production of farrow to finish operation among the forecasting models of swine production in Korea. 3. Proper environments should be offered to pigs according to the growth. 4. The environmental control, the treatment of swine wastewater, and so on should be interrelated. 5. Manual energy should be saved by effective arrangements of pig-housings. In the future, performance test of the Korean pig-housings and development of facility automation systems which are suitable to these should be accomplished.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2000

Apparent MWDs of DOM in natural waters and swine wastewaters were determined through membrane ultrafiltration. The nominal MWCOs of ultrafiltration membranes by the manufacturer were confirmed to be similar with those obtained from the ultrafiltration procedures employed in this study using six MW standard compounds. Natural waters showed a wide range of MWOs, but 62.4~87.5% were in the range of MW<10K. High MW fractions were preferentially removed through water treatment processes. Swine wastewater showed two major ranges of MWDs, 49.0% in <1K and 36% in >50k while anaerobically treated swine wastewaters showed 17.5~18.0% in <1K and 53.0~58.8% in <50K. The overall DOM was reduced during anaerobic treatment by 76.8~80.0% as COD; however. the percentage of low MW fractions decreased and that of the high MW fractions increased.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.687-694
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• 2005

Lab-scale experiments have been carried out to investigate the effect of F/R ratio of ASBR (Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor) process on the removal of the organic matters in ammonia stripped swine wastewater. Three ASBR inoculated with sludge mixed with granular sludge of UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) and anaerobic digested sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plant were operated. Ammonia stripped swine wastewater was used as influent. Prior to conducting the experiments with varied conditions, the effect of increasing organic loading rate from 2.34 to $5.79gTCOD_{Cr}/L$-day at a fixed F/R ratio of 0.1 on the organic removal efficiency has been studied during start-up period. As the result of the experiment, under the condition of varied organic loadings, less than $4.14gTCOD_{Cr}/L$-day, the removed efficiency $TCOD_{Cr}$ of the ASBR process is 83% resulted from the mean value of effluent $TCOD_{Cr}$, 9,125 mg/L during the start-up period. Then ASBRs were operated with F/R ratio of 0.024, 0.303 and 0.91 respectively. Organic loading rate was increased from 4.56 to $15.43gTCOD_{Cr}/L$-day to investigate the effects of F/R ratio and organic loading rate on the organic removal efficiency. As the result of the experiment, less than $6.23gTCOD_{Cr}/L$/L-day, F/R ratio haven't an effect on the organic removal efficiency and the mean removal efficiency of TSS, $TCOD_{Cr}$ and $SCOD_{Cr}$ was about 80%, 86% and 78% at the all of F/R ratio. But as organic loading rate was increased from 8.54 to $12.04gTCOD_{Cr}/L$-day at the F/R ratio of 0.024, the removal efficiency of $SCOD_{Cr}$ decreased from 71% to 63%. The range of decreased removal efficiency of $SCOD_{Cr}$ at the F/R ratio of 0.024 was much more higher than at the F/R ratio of 0.303, 0.91. Thus, as organic loading rate was increased, ASBRs were operated with high F/R ratio to obtain high removal efficiency.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 1995

본 연구는 최근 개발된 광합성세균(Rhodopseudomonas capsulata)을 이용한 연속적 폭기식 생물 반응조(이하 CABR)를 이용한 무희석 양돈 분뇨의 처리 결과를 보고하고 있다. CABR를 이용하여 24시간 동안 양돈 분뇨를 폭기 처리한 결과 유입량의 40%가 증발되었고, 유입분뇨의 전체 BOD, COD중 87%, 32%가 각각 제거되었으며, 전질소(T-N), 전인(T-P)은 각각 110%, 112%로 증가되었다. CABR 배출액의 질소 형태를 분석한 결과 암모니아성 질소($NH_4-N$) 농도는 저하된 반면, 유기태 질소(Org-N)농도는 증가하였다. 양돈분뇨의 주요 BOD원이며 악취의 주요물질인 저급지방산은 CABR의 처리결과 거의 제거 되었다. 한편 CABR 배출액의 유기액비로서의 이용성을 검토하였다. CABR 배출액은 식물성장에 필요한 질소, 인산, 칼리의 함량이 비교적 균형있게 포함되어 있으며, 특히 질소의 86%는 유기태질소(Org0N)로 되어 있어 완효성 비료로서의 이용 가능성이 시사되었다. 또한 중금속의 함량도 낮아 위해성의 문제는 없는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이탈리안 라이그라스(목초)의 토경재배 실험결과 일반화학비료에 비해 생육량이 증가되었으며, 특히 질산태질소($NO_3-N$)의 작물내 함유량이 매우 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 CABR 배출액이 농작물 생산에 매우 적합한 유기액비로서 이용할 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.2047-2058
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• 2000

양돈폐수의 효율적인 혐기성 처리를 위하여 실험실 규모 UASB, AF, 그리고 이단 ASBF 생물반응기를 구성하고 HRT 1일과 OLR $5.1kg-COD/m^3{\cdot}d$까지 200일간 연속운전하고 운전인자가 공정에 미치는 영향과 처리효율을 비교하였다. 양돈폐수는 유기물, 고형물, 그리고 암모니아를 고농도로 함유하고 있으며 축사의 형태와 계절의 변화에 큰 영향을 받는다. 하수종말처리장 혐기성 소화조 잉여 슬러지에 의한 혐기성 생물반응기의 식종은 효과적이었으며 적응기간은 약 40일 정도 소요되었으나 media로 충전된 필터형 생물반응기인 AF와 이단 ASBF의 적응 속도가 UASB보다 빨랐다. 유입수 T-N 370~800mg/L에서 생물반응기는 77~91% 의 높고 안정된 COD 제거율을 보였으나 유입수 T-N 760~1,310 mg/L에서 COD 제거율은 24~94%로 불안정하였으며 전반적으로 감소되었다. 양돈폐수에 함유된 암모니아는 메탄균에 대한 저해작용을 나타낼 수 있는 충분한 농도이므로 효율적인 혐기성 소화처리를 위하여 전처리로서 암모니아의 제거는 필수적이다. 생물반응기는 $1.1{\sim}2.2kg-COD/m^3{\cdot}d$의 비교적 낮은 OLR에서 COD 제거효율은 78.9~81.5%, 그리고 biogas 발생량은 $0.39{\sim}0.59m^3/kg-COD_r$로 효과적이었으나 유입수 COD의 증가 혹은 HRT 단축운전에 의한 OLR의 증가에 따라 COD 제거효율은 감소하였으며 UASB는 AF와 이단 ASBF보다 COD 제거효율 감소폭이 컸다. AF와 이단 ASBF는 충전된 media와 이단화에 의하여 biomass의 보유능력이 우수하며 높은 OLR에도 안정적이며 높은 COD 제거율올 나타내므로 고농도의 유기물을 함유하며 축사의 형태와 계절에 따라 특성의 변화가 큰 양돈폐수의 처리에 효율적이다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2004

This study is a fundamental research to test the applicability of abandoned eggshell as seed material for crystallization reaction. Eggshell was calcinated at $850^{\circ}C$ and ground to lesser than 0.42mm. The calcination characteristics of eggshell were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of initial calcium concentration, alkalinity, reaction temperature condition, seed dosage were studied by batch test. For the low concentration sample(P concentration is under 50mg/L), more than 90% of P can be removed. The effect of initial calcium concentration(0~120mg/L) was performed. At the result of the test, more than 50mg/L calcium concentration has high removal efficiency. Alkalinity effect was studied for synthetic solution(100mg/L initial P, 50mg/L calcium, 0.025% seed dosage) with 0~300mg/L bicarbonate alkalinities. For synthetic solution(100mg/L initial P, 50mg/L calcium, 100mg/L bicarbonate alkalinity, 0.025% seed dosage), the phosphorus concentration was examined with $10{\sim}35^{\circ}C$. In addition, calcinated eggshell was injected to swine wastewater to test the applicability to actual wastewater.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.901-908
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• 2002

The relationship between the layered structure of granules in UASB reactors and microbial resistance to toxicity was investigated using disintegrated granules. When no toxic materials were added to the media, the intact and disintegrated granules exhibited almost the same ability to decrease COD and to produce methane. However, when metal ions and organic toxic chemicals were added to a synthetic wastewater, he intact granules were found to be more resistant to toxicity than the disintegrated granules, as determined by the methane production. The difference in resistance between the intact and disintegrated granules was maximal, with toxicant concentrations ranging from 0.5 mM to 2 mM for trichloroethylene with toluene and 5 mM to 20 mM for metal ions (copper, nickel, zinc. chromium, and cadmium ions). The augmented COD removal rate by granulation compared to disintegrated granules was also measured in the treatment of synthetic and real wastewaters; synthetic wastewater, $-2.6\%$; municipal wastewater, $2.8\%$; swine wastewater, $6.4\%$; food wastewater, $25.0\%$; dye works wastewater, $42.9\%$; and landfill leachate, $61.8\%$. Continuous reactor operation also demonstrated that the granules in the UASB reactor were helpful in treating toxic wastewater, such as landfill leachate.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2003년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.116-119
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• 2003

• 산업기술연구
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• 제22권B호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2002

This research was performed to investigate the COD removal efficiency and methane production in slurry-typed swine wastes using UASB(upflow anaerobic sludge blanket)reactor. The USAB reactor was operated from 0.8 through 3.3days of HRT in a range of 3 to 15 kg $TCOD/m^3/day$ of volumetric organic loading rate. The removal rate of TCOD was increased with the increase of the HRT. The removal rate of TCOD at an HRT over 2days, became greater than 68% with the methane contents being from 70 to 80%. Methane production rates were increased from 0.27 to $0.36m^3\;CH_4/kg$ CODrem. as HRTs were increased from 0.8 to 3.3days.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.303-309
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• 1994

광합성세균을 이용한 농축산가의 소규모 가축 폐수처리공정 개발을 위한 연구의 일환으로 고농도에서 유기산의 자화율이 높은 Rhodopseudomonas palustris KK14를 사용하여 돈분폐수처리공정의 최적화를 flask-scale 및 laboratory-scale에서 실시하였다. 반연속식으로 실시한 flask-scale에서 광합성세균 반응조는 HRT 6일, 광합성세균오니량 5%(v/v), 반송오니량 10%(v/v)로 했을 때 안정된 83%의 COD 제거율 및 적절한 $4{\sim}5\;g/l$의 MLSS가 유지되었다. 산생성 반응조와 광합성세균 반응조의 working volume을 각각 5.2 l와 15 l로 scale-up한 실험실적 실험에서는 원폐수 대비 COD와 BOD의 제거율이 각각 95%와 96%를 나타냈으며 광합성세균 반응조의 COD 용적부하율 및 오니부하율은 각각 $3kg\;COD/m^3/day$와 1.1kg COD/kg MLSS/day를 유지함으로써 적당한 MLSS농도가 유지되었고 부가적으로 폐수처리가 진행되면서 악취가 제거되는 효과를 나타내었다.