• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.133-136
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• 1992

Glass wool filtration and swim-up method resulted in inreasing to 58.3% and 62.7% of the progressive motility in frozen-thawed boar sperm, compared to 34.2% in the untreated sperm. Glass wool filtration tended to be more successful than swim-up method for the survival sfter incubation of 38.5$^{\circ}C$ for 3h. Sperm recovered by both the swim-up method and the glass wool filtration method were tested in an in vitro fertilization to determine which of the two techniques would yield sperm with high fertilizing capacity. The results indicated that there was a significantly(p

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2001

연구목적: $Isolate^{(R)}$ gradient와 swim-up 방법이 정자의 형상 및 정밀정자형태 (strict morphology)에 미치는 영창을 비교분석하고, 이러한 정자처리방법이 정자의 동결-융해과정에 미치는 영향을 비교하고자 하였다. 연구재료 및 방법: 20명의 정상 정자를 대상으로 하였으며 각각의 정자는 두 가지 정자처리방법으로 나누어 정자의 형상과 정밀정자형태를 컴퓨터를 이용한 정자자동분석기를 통하여 측정하였고, 동결보호제의는 TYB 용액을 사용하였으며, 동결 및 융해는 cryo Magic사의 기계를 사용하였다. 통계는 SPSS PC+(version7.0)를 이용하였으며 통계학적인 유의성은 p<0.05로 하였다. 결과: 정자의 농도는 $Isolate^{(R)}$ gradient 처리군이 swim-up 처리군보다 유의성 있게 높았으나 ($51.2{\pm}40.1,\;156.6{\pm}64.3$), 운동성 VCL, VSL, VAP, Linearity, 및 ALH는 swim-up 처리군에서 유의성 있게 높았다. 정밀 정자형태는 swim-up 처리군과 $Isolate^{(R)}$ gradient 처리군에서 차이가 없었다 ($53.7{\pm}6.8$ vs $50.3{\pm}9.1%$). 동결-융해과정 중 두 가지 정자 처리군에서 정자의 형상들은 swim-up 처리군에서 전반적으로 높은 양상을 보였으나, 정밀정자형태는 $Isolate^{(R)}$ gradient 처리군이 swim-up 처리군 보다 감소율이 컸지만 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다 ($12.8{\pm}8.5$ vs $8.6{\pm}6.6$). 결론: 정상 정자에서 swim-up 방법이 $Isolate^{(R)}$ gradient 방법보다 정자 회수율은 우수하였으나, 동결-융해과정 중 정밀정자형태에는 차이가 없어 두 방법을 상호보완적으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 1993

From September 1988 to August 1992, two different methods of preparing human sperm before intrauterine insemination(IUI) were compared using the semen samples of seventy-three infertile couples. The sperms were prepared by a swim-up after sperm washing or by a continuous percoll gradient technique. Fourteen of 35 women conceived during IUI cycles using a sperm washing and swim-up method (40%), and 12 of 38 women conceived during IUI cycles using a percoll gradient technique(31.6%). Among the group with male infertile etiologic factor only, one of 5 women conceived during sperm washing and swim-up cycles(20%); one of 4 women conceived during percoll gradient cycles(25%). On the contrary, among the group with cervical factor only, six of 10 women conceived during sperm washing and swim-up cycles (60%) ; Five of 17 women conceived during percoll gradient cycles(29.4%). It is suggested that sperm separation by sperm washing ar -up is a useful technique for intrauterine insemination in cervical infertility, and sperm separation in percoll gradient appears to be more valuable for intrauterine insemination of male subfertility.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1991

Thirty five couples were treated by intrauterine insemination with sperm prepared by a washing and swim-up method. Fifteen women conceived(42.9%). Sperm washing and swim-up was found to significantly improve sperm motility for men of infertile couples and the increment of percent sperm motility after sperm preparation allowed significant differentiation of pregnant and nonpregnant patients in asthenozoospermia(submotile) group (p<0.01). The author suggest that the increment of percent sperm motility after sperm washing and swim-up could be a useful screening tool for in vitro procedure proposed to improve fertility in the intrauterine insemination of asthenozoospermia.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.277-289
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• 1998

정자의 무분별한 이동을 충분히 억제하면서 운동성을 저해하지 않는 sucrose 층으로부터의 swim-up 분리체계를 구축하기 위하여, 정자의 이동에 장애가 될 수 있는 sucrose 층에 첨가되는 sucrose수준과 정자의 이동과 운동을 극대화시킬 수 있는 배양시간 및 sucrose 이중층의 형태를 조사하였던 바, 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 10mM의 sucrose 층은 정자의 swim-up 이동을 억제하였다. 2. Sucrose 층을 이용하지 않은 swim-up 분리에서 25분간 배양후 회수된 정자의 수가 유의하게 증가되었다. 한편, sucrose 층을 이용한 swim-up 분리에서 10분간 배양후 회수된 정자의 수가 유의하게 증가되었으며 정자의 운동성도 유지되었다 3. Sucrose 이중층 Type I과 Type II 간에 장애효과에는 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 장애공간이 짝은 Type II 이중층에서 시료 채취가 편리하였다. 정자의 주화적 이동과 관련하여 난포액의 기능 을 밝히기 위하여, 난포액의 희석과 열처리 및 난포액으로부터 추출한 단백질과 지질이 Type II Sucrose 층으로부터 10분간 배양한 정자의 swim-up 분리에 미치는 효과를 조사하였던 바 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다 4. 난포액은 정자의 이동과 운동을 자극하였고 수정능획득정자를 유인하였으며, 특히 10% 난포액에서 수정능획득정자의 유인효과가 가장 크게 나타났다. 5. 저온 열처리 (56$^{\circ}C$, 30분)는 정자의 이동과 운동을 자극하는 난포액의 효과를 감소시키지 않았다. 6. 난포액으로부터 추출한 단백질 성분은 정자의 이동을 자극하였으나, 단백질 성분의 여과는 정자의 이동을 자극하는 단백질 성분의 효과를 감소시켰다. 7. 난포액으로부터 추출한 지질 성분은 정자의 이동과 운동을 유의하게 자극하지 않았다. 8. 난포액으로부터 추출된 단백질과 지질의 병용처리는 정자의 이동과 운동을 자극하는 난포액의 효과를 감소시켰다. 결론적으로 정자의 swim-up 분리에 sucrose 이중층을 이용할 수 있으며, 난포액은 sucrose 층으로부터 정자의 이동과 운동을 자극하고 수정능획득정자를 유인하였다. 특히 열내성을 가진 단백질 성분이 정자의 이동을 자극하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.257-263
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• 1999

It is well known that discard of seminal plasma from the semen and separation of motile sperm should be preceded before insemination for IUI or IVF. Till now, more than ten kinds of semen treatment methods have been developed. Of those, swim-up and Percoll methods have been used widely in ART laboratories as a routine semen treatment methods because of its advantages. However, there are reports that Percoll can make a genetic trouble because of its chemical structure and therefore the necessity has been arisen to substitute Percoll for other equivalent materials. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of three different sperm preparation methods (swim-up, Percoll and Sil-Select) on sperm motility, sperm recovery rate and fertilization rate. Also, the feasibility of using Sil-Select instead of Percoll in ART was evaluated. Each semen samples were divided into three fractions and motile sperm were recovered by swim-up, Percoll and Sil-Select gradient centrifugation methods. Normal and sub-normal criteria of fifteen semen samples and seventeen IVF cycles were included in these study. As results, no significant difference was found in sperm recovery rate in normal semen treated by a Swim-up, Percoll and Sil-Select method ($13.2{\times}10^6,\;17.5{\times}10^6\;and\;17.7{\times}10^6$ respectively). The initial sperm motility was 61.9% and this increased to 87.1%, 92.6% and 89.5% through Swim-up, Percoll and Sil-Select treatment, respectively. Higher motility was observed in Percoll and Sil-Select treated groups (81.5%, 79.2%, respectively) than swim-up group (66.8%) after incubation for 24hrs. In sub-normal group, sperm recovery rates were higher in Sil-Select group $(2.9{\times}10^6)$ than Percoll gradients group $(1.8{\times}10^6)$. In IVF cycles, the outcomes of fertilization using sperm treated by swim-up and Sil-Select group were similar (82.2%, 79.7% respectively). In conclusion, our results indicate that Sil-Select can be used as a substitute material for sperm preparation instead of Percoll.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of swim-up and density gradient centrifugation (DGC) for reducing the amount of sperm with fragmented DNA, sex chromosome aneuploidy, and abnormal chromatin structure. Methods: Semen samples were obtained from 18 healthy male partners who attended infertility clinics for infertility investigations and were processed with swim-up and DGC. The percentages of sperm cells with fragmented DNA measured by the sperm chromatin dispersion test, normal sex chromosomes assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and abnormal chromatin structure identified by toluidine blue staining were examined. Results: The percentage of sperm cells with fragmented DNA was significantly lower in the swim-up fraction (9.7%, p= 0.001) than in the unprocessed fraction (27.0%), but not in the DGC fraction (27.8%, p= 0.098). The percentage of sperm cells with normal X or Y chromosomes was comparable in the three fractions. The percentage of sperm cells with abnormal chromatin structure significantly decreased after DGC (from 15.7% to 10.3%, p= 0.002). The swim-up method also tended to reduce the percentage of sperm cells with abnormal chromatin structure, but the difference was not significant (from 15.7% to 11.6%, p= 0.316). Conclusion: The swim-up method is superior for enriching genetically competent sperm.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.291-300
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• 1998

난포액에 함유되어 있는 steroids와 sterol이 수정에 참여하는 정자의 주화성에 미치는 영향을 밝히기 위하여, progesterone, estradiol 17 beta 및 cholesterol이 sucrose 층으로부터 정자의 swim-up 분리에 미치는 영향을 조사하였던 바 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Progesterone은 정자의 이동과 운동성을 억제하였으나 수정능획득한 정자를 유인하였으며, 특히 50$\mu$g/ml 수준의 progesterone은 수정능력을 획득한 정자의 이동을 유의하게 자극하였다. 2. Estradiol 17 beta의 첨가수준이 증가할수록 정자의 이동과 운동성이 억제되었으나, 10$\mu$g/ml 수준의 estradiol은 정자의 이동과 운동성 및 수정능획득정자의 이동에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 3. Cholesterol은 정자의 이동과 운동성을 자극하였으나, 수정능획득정자의 이동에 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 특히 50$\mu$g/ml 수준의 cholesterol은 정자의 이동과 운동성을 유의하게 자극하였다. 4. Progesterone, estradiol 및 cholesterol의 병용처리에서, cholesterol은 정자의 이동과 운동을 유의하게 자극하였으나, progesterone과 estradiol은 이러한 cholesterol의 효과를 감소시켰다. Progesterone은 수정획득 정자의 이동을 자극하였으나 estradiol이나 cholesterol은 progester-one의 이러한 효과를 억제하지 않았다. 결론적으로 progesterone은 50$\mu$g/ml 첨가수준에서 수정능력을 획득한 정자의 swim-up이동을 유의하게 자극하였으며, cholesterol은 50$\mu$g/m1 첨가수준에서 정자의 이동을 자극하였으나, estradiol은 10$\mu$g/m1 첨가수준에서 정자의 이동과 운동성에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.925-934
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• 1997

This study was directed at inducing the production of antibodies by immunizing heifers with bovine sperm antigen and on measuring the serum antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA) and agglutination test. The effect of antisperm antibodies on fertilizing capacity of bovine spermatozoa was evaluated. 1. Three heifers between 12- and 15- month old were immunized with bovine spermatozoa or phosphate-buffered saline. In heifers immunized with bovine spermatozoa serum IgG level was highest between 3 weeks and 5 weeks postimmunization detected by IFA. The antibody levels persisted through week 7 and slowly declined until week 20 and then antisperm antibodies were localized on spermatozoa. The fluorescent antisperm antibodies were detected at 2~20 weeks and at 6~9 weeks postinoculation on acrosome and tail, respectively. Among 21 sera from repeat breeder cows, only one cow has shown positive antisperm antibody response detected by IFA. 2. In spite of vital rate of bovine sperm after swim-up was not significantly affected by different concentration of antisperm antibodies in sera, the numbers of bovine sperm after swim-up were significantly reduced in proportion to the increased concentration of antibodies. Above 1/512 dilution of antibody neither influence on vital rate and numbers of bovine sperm nor sperm agglutination after swim-up. The study has also shown that the vital rate and number of sperm after swim-up and capacitation were also significantly reduced by the addition of antisperm antibodies. Although antisperm antibodies did not influence on the acrosome reaction rate of sperm during swim-up, did significantly reduce the sperm acrosome reaction rate after capacitation. The studies have resulted that the bovine antisperm antibodies can prevent the sperm motility by agglutination and block the capacitation and acrosome reaction of bovine sperm.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.95-99
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• 1991

Swim-up and Wang's tube system are known methods of motile sperm selection and aerobic bacterial removal from the raw semen. This study was designed to evaluate the recovery rate of motile sperm, % normal morphology of sperm, the efficiency of bacterial removal after sperm preparation by the above two methods. The results were as follows. 1. There was more significant increase of sperm concentration in preparation by swim-up than Wang's tube (p<0.05). The concentration of sperm by swim up was changed from $82.5{\times}10^6/ml$ to $6836{\times}10^6/ml$, and Wang's tube was changed from $82.5{\times}10^6/ml$ to $36.0{\times}10^6/ml$. 2. There was significant increase in sperm motility after preparation by two methods in comparison with initial sperm motility (p<0.05), but no statistical difference between two methods was noted. The % motility of sperm by swim-up was increased from 66.1% to 95.7% and Wang's tube from 66.1% to 98.1%. 3. There was significant increase of % normal morphology of sperm in the samples prepared by two methods (p<0.05), from 49.2% to 85.3% in swim-up and from 49.2% to 92.1% in Wang's tube, but there was no statistical significance between them. 4. There was no bacterial growth in aerobic culture after preparation by two methods.