• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.407-413
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• 1986

분쇄마찰매체에 의한 무증자 생전분의 효소당화촉진 mechanism을 전분의 구조적 측면을 중심으로 규명하였다. 당화촉진 효과를 줄 수 있는 수준의 분쇄마찰매체의 기계적 교반운동은 생전분의 미세결정구조(microcrystalline structure) 파괴는 물론 전분입자를 붕괴 (fragmentation) 시키는 효과도 없었다. 생전분 입자구조 변화의 중요한 특징은 입자구조의 팽윤(swelling) 현상으로써 팽윤된 전분은 보수능력이 2.5배 정도까지 증가되었다. 이와 같은 기계적 충격에 의한 전분입자의 팽윤현상은 가열호화에 의한 $\alpha$-전분화에 따른 팽윤현상가는 상이하였다. 생전분을 장시간 bead-milling하여 전처리하며 팽윤시킨 생전분은 당화가 촉진되었으나 bead와 효소를 동시에 첨가시킨 경우의 당화속도와 수율에는 미치지 못하였다. 분쇄마찰 반응계에서 효소를 첨가 무증자 전분을 당화시킬 경우에는 생전분입자 2시간 전후하여 수많은 입자로 fragmentation되었다. 생전분의 당화촉진 mechanism은 분쇄마찰매체에 의하여 전분입자가 균열팽윤되고 이 팽윤된 생전분은 보다 쉽게 효소작용을 받아 침식되며 이 침식된 전분입자는 분쇄마찰매체에 의하여 더욱 가속적으로 fragmentation되어 효소작용이 촉진된다고 판단된다. 옥수수, 감자, 고구마 등 각종 생전분은 그 종류에 따라 분쇄마찰 반응계를 활용한 무증자 당화에 많은 차이가 있었으며 이를 전분입자의 구조와 연결시켜 고찰하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.427-432
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• 2002

In this research an organic cation, [TEACOOH] Br, with a long alkyl chain was synthesized which will replace the metal ion between the layers of Na-Montmorillonite and an organophilic [TEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex was formed by the cation exchange reaction between the Na-Montmorillonite and the synthesized [TEACOOH] Br. After drying of this intercalations complex in high vacuum we have tried to experiment on the probability whether it will form complexes with various swelling solutions such as dist. water, methano, ethanol, toluene, acetonitrile and propionitrile and the corresponding basal sp acings measured were $17.41{\AA}$, $31.90{AA}$, $34.42{AA}$, $30.52{AA}$ and $32.36{AA}$, respectively.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2007

Novel biodegradable elastic hydrogels, based on hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer blocks, were synthesized via the radical crosslinking reaction of diacrylates of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(${\varepsilon}-caprolactone$) (PCL). PEG and PCL diols were diacrylated with acryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine, with the reaction confirmed by FT-IR and $^1H-NMR$ measurements. The diacrylate polymers were used as building-blocks for the syntheses of a series of hydro gels, with different block compositions, by simply varying the feed ratios and molecular weights of the block components. The swelling ratio of the hydrogels was controlled by the balance between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer blocks. Usually, the swelling ratio increases with increasing PEG content and decreasing block length within the network structure. The hydrogels exhibited negative thermo-sensitive swelling behavior due to the coexistence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer components in their network structure, and such thermo-responsive swelling/deswelling behavior could be repeated using a temperature cycle, without any significant change in the swelling ratio. In vitro degradation tests showed that degradation occurred over a 3 to 8 month period. Due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, elasticity and functionality, these hydrogels could be utilized in various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug delivery systems.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2003

The effect on kidney, gill, and hepatopancreas of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated by histological method under limit concentration of effulent of PCBs for 60 days. The free surface of epithelial cell layer in the renal tubules of kidney showed a strong positive reaction in alcian blue during all exposure period. There were also observed swelling of hemocyte in glomerulus and macrophage. At 60 days after exposure, epithelium of the renal tubules was fused and some of organism $(20\%)$ showed damage of glomerulus and eosinophlic cell in epithelium of the renal tubules. The phenomena such as the activation and increase of the chloride cell, and swelling of hemocyte in the capillary of gill were observed during all exposure period. At 60 days after exposure, swelling of the gill filament and mucous cell appeared in gill and some of organism $(30\%)$ showed swelling of the gill lamellar. Swelling of hemocyte in the capillary of hepatopancreas was observed and the free surface of epithelial layer of the bile duct showed positive reaction in alcian blue during all exposure period. Degenerated zymogen in the pancreas and swelling of the hepatocyte were occurred at 60 days after exposure.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.981-985
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• 2006

Novel copolymers consisting of poly(2-hydroxyethyl aspartamide-co-N,N'-dimethyl-1,3-propane aspartamide) (PHEA-DPA) were prepared from polysuccinimide (PSI), which is the thermal polycondensation product of aspartic acid, via a ring-opening reaction with N,N'-dimethyl-1,3-propane diamine (DPA) and ethanolamine. The prepared water-soluble copolymer was then crosslinked by reacting it with hexamethylene diisocyanate to provide the corresponding gel. The swelling behavior and morphology of the crosslinked hydrogels were investigated. The degree of swelling decreased with increasing crosslinking reagent due to the higher crosslinking density. It was also confirmed that the swelling property is affected by pH. At low pH (< pH 4), swelling is increased due to the ionization of DPA with a tertiary amine moiety. In addition, a reversible swelling and de-swelling behavior was demonstrated by adjusting the pH of the solution. The prepared hydrogels showed a well-interconnected microporous structure with regular 5-20 $\mu$m sized pores.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.39-41
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• 2015

Swelling is a body's natural reaction to foot and ankle injury to mount a healing inflammatory response. To some degree, swelling is necessary for healing and is something that cannot be avoided following injury. However, post-traumatic swelling may have an adverse effect on wound healing and surgery can often be delayed due to preoperative swelling. We report on a unique technique of making multiple meshed stab incisions around the site of injury to reduce soft tissue swelling and promote wound healing.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1992

A novel O-diethylaminoethyl chitosan (DEAE-chitosan) was synthesized via Schiff's reaction between chitosan and benzaldehyde. $C_2$ amino group was protected via Schiffs base reaction with benzaldehyde to form N-benzylidene chitosan. After reaction with diethylaminoethyl chloride, Schiffs base was removed by reacting O-diethylaminothyl-N-benzylidene chitosan and hydrochloric acid. Tensile strength of DEAE-chitosan was improved due to the incorporation of bulky side group in $C_6$ position of chitosan. DEAE-chitosan showed a pH-dependent swelling characteristics. Release rate of riboflavin was dependent on the water content of DEAE-chitosan that is a function of crosslinking degrees.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1986

Experiments were performed on mice to investigate the effects of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) on Arthus reaction, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Mice were sensitized iv with 0.1ml of 1% SRBC suspension were treated with a single ip injection of olive oil alone or with different doses of MCA in oil (0.5~50mg/Kg) at various time before (-) or after (+) sensitization (day 0) and were challenged at 4 days after SRBC. Arthus reaction was measured at 3 hours after challenge and other responses at 24 hours. Treatment with MCA inhibited Arthus reaction and DTH to SRBC, measured by footpad swelling reaction, and this immunosuppressing effect was dependent on the dose and time of MCA treatment in relation to SRBC sensitization. Humoral immune responses as measured by serum hemagglutinin-and hemolysin-titers to SRBC were significantly depressed when MCA was injected before or at the same time of sensitization. However, the response was slightly depressed when injected after SRBC. These results indicate that MCA suppress the function of the cells involved in immune responses.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.2635-2641
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• 2012

Novel silver/salep-g-poly(acrylic acid) nanocomposite hydrogel were prepared in aqueous solution using poly(acrylic acid) grafted onto salep as a biopolymer based material. FT-IR spectra confirmed that poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) had been grafted onto salep in graft copolymerization reaction. TEM observations showed that silver nanoparticles have been uniformly dispersed in polymeric matrix. Effects of pH, acrylic acid (AA) amount and silver ion concentration on swelling capabilities were investigated. Results indicate that modifying AA and silver ion can improve swelling properties of the resultant nanocomposite hydrogel. pH response of this nanocomposite hydrogel in acidic and neutral pH made it suitable for drug delivery applications.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2003

Background : The surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar can result in considerable pain, swelling, and dysfunction that patient are incapable of work for several days. Factors contributing to post operative swelling, trismus and pain are complex. There is no question but that the procedure of surgically removing an impacted mandibular third molar is inherently a traumatic one and that some sequelae related to the inflammation response are expected. Meticulous surgical technique will minimize the sequelae of inflammation but will not prevent them. In an effort to minimize these sequelae the use of steroid was instituted. Patients and Methods : Present study was to investigate the effect of one preoperative steroid injection in the masseter muscle to the patients(male 9, female 11) who needed prophylactic removal of bilateral, symmetrical, impacted wisdom teeth in the mandible on the complaint like swelling, trismus and pain. through Double-Blind test. Results : 1. After 24 hours investigation, preoperative steroid injection had significantly reduced swelling with 39% and trismus with 57.5%. 2. $7^{th}$ post operative day investigation, reduced swelling and trismus had shown, however, not significant. 3. There wasn't major difference from the group who took preve-ntive steroid in the visual analogue scale, the first analgesic intake time and the pain period. 4. There wasn't any adverse reaction of steroid for 20 patient From the above result, If the patients are not contraindication to steroid and pronounced post operative reaction can be expected the use of steroid to the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is recommended.