• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1987

The physicochemical properties of kidney bean crude and refined starch were investigated. The results were as follows : Amylose content of refined starch was 77%. Blue values of crude and refined starch were 0.375 and 0.410, respectively. Ferricyanide numbers of crude and refined starch were 1.00 and 1.94, respectively, and alkalinumbers of crude and refined starch were 8.67 and 6.90, respectively. Amylose had molecular weight of 18067 and degree of polymerization was 112. Amylopectin had degree of branching of 3.7 per 100 glucose units and glucose units of 27 per segment of amylopectin. Water binding capacities of crude and refined starch were 202.1% and 169.4%, respectively. Both swelling powers of crude and refined starch were increased rapidly from $70^{\circ}C$ to $90^{\circ}C$ and their curves showed a single-stage pattern. The optical transmittance of 0.2% crude starch suspension was increased rapidly from $80^{\circ}C$ to $83^{\circ}C$ and that of 0.2% refined starch suspension was increased rapidly from $77^{\circ}C$ to $83^{\circ}C$. Brabender hot-paste viscosities of crude and refined starch at 6% and 8% concentation (solid basis) showed the similar amylogram patterns of c type with no peak vircosity.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physicochemcal Properties of the cowpea crude and refined starch and to present the basic data for physicochemical factor which gives the properties of Mook to cowpea starch gel. Water binding capacity of crude starch was 235. In and that of refined starch was 186.0%. The pattern of change in swelling power and solubility for increasing temperature started to increase at $60^{\circ}C$ and increased rapidly from $70^{\circ}C$, for both of crude and refined starch. The optical transmittance of 0.2% crude and refined starch suspensions were increased from $65^{\circ}C$ and showed rapid increasement during 68~$80^{\circ}C$, and their curves showed two-stage processes. The gelatinization pattern for 6n crude and refined starch suspensions were investigated by the Brabender amylograph. The corves showed the pasting temperature of $72.0^{\circ}C$ and $72.1^{\circ}C$, peak height of 11303.U. ($88.0^{\circ}C$) and 970 B.U. ($83.5^{\circ}C$) for crude and refined starch, respectively, and both showed high viscosities when cooling. Blue values for crude and refined starch were 0.369 and 0.376 respectively. Alkali number of crude and refined starch were 7.77 and 7.34, and reducing values were 3.60 and 2. 10, respectively. Amylose content of cowpea starch was 33.7%. Periodate oxidation of the starch fractions resulted that amylose had the average molecular weight of 23590, degree of polymerization of 146 and amylopectin had the degree of branching of 3.42, glucose unit per segment of 29.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2012

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of polymer, calcium, perlite and chitosan on the growth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., PR) and to provide a basic information needed for their practical application when establishing garden, parks, athletic field and golf courses with these materials. A total of 24 treatment combinations were applied in the study. Treatments were made of water-swelling polymer (WSP), calcium, perlite and chitosan mixed in soil organic amendment (SOA). Germination rate, turfgrass coverage, turfgrass density and top growth were evaluated in PR under greenhouse conditions. Significant differences were observed for these growth characteristics among the treatments. Turfgrass density and plant height, evaluated on a weekly basis, varied with time after seeding. A proper mixing rate of WSP was considered to be lower 3% for the growth of PR with an exception of being below 6% for turfgrass density. Germination rate and early survival capacity were greatly influenced by calcium and chitosan among the elements of calcium, perlite, and chitosan. But there was little effect by perlite. Calcium and chitosan were most effective one for turfgrass density and coverage, respectively. Top leaf-growth was influenced by all three elements, but the greatest effect was highly linked with calcium. Chitosan was very effective in early germination and vertical leaf growth, as compared with the others. Future studies are required for measuring the effect of WSP, calcium, perlite and chitosan on the turf growth characteristics in root zone mixtures of sand+SOA before a practical field use.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 1987

The physicochemical properties and characteristics of sweet potato starches which were isolated from the six varieties were investigated. The shapes of starch granules which observed through photomicroscope and scanning electron microscope lucre round and polygonal, but those of the Shinmi were most polygonal, and the average diameters were in the range of $10.4{\sim}14.2$ microns. The amylose contents were between 25% and 28%, and blue values and alkali numbers were in the range of $0.29{\sim}0.36$, $7.0{\sim}12$, respectively. The swelling power and solubility patterns of the starches were negligible until $50^{\circ}C$, thereafter it increased rapidly and the Eunmi showed highest water binding capacity of 211.6%. Amylogram pattern of 6% starch solutions were similar to no peak viscosity, but maximum viscosity varied widely with varieties. A significant positive correlation was observed between amylose content and average gelatinization temperature. Taste and texture of the steam cooked sweet potatoes were negatively and positively correlated with moisture and amylose contents, respectively, while those of the microwave cooked sweet potatoes were only positively correlated with amylose contents.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 1989

It has been debated whether postischemic reperfusion is necessarily beneficial to salvage the myocardium after ischemic insult or not. Therefore, this study was undertaken to compare the ultrastructural changes as well as the distribution of $Ca^{2+}$ in the ventricular myocardial cells after transient ischemia and after postischemic reperfusion, and to suspect to what extent the postischemic reperfusion is beneficial. After 10 minutes of ischemia, the heart developed wide I bands, glycogen depletion, intramyofibrillar edema, mitochondrial swelling, clumping and migration of chromatin, ghosts of lipid droplets, disintegration of cell junctions, sarcolemmal disruption, and loss of $Ca^{2+}$ binding capacity of the sarcolemma and the mitochondria. In spite of reperfusion, in a large number of cells, the ultrastructure was more severely damaged, however, $Ca^{2+}$ binding capacity of the sarcolemma and the mitochondria restored. These results suggest that postischemic reperfusion may help the myocardial cells to restore their function to control $Ca^{2+}$ to a certain extent, but that it could aggravate the ischemic insult.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2001

Cystic lesion of the jaw are frequently encountered clinically. Although they rarely lead to development of tumors, they can result in resorption of the jaw bone or asymmetry of the face may occur. The purpose of this study is to find the clinical and histopathological pattern of cysts and to help better understanding for the diagnosis and treatment of jaw cysts. The hospital chart, out-patient chart, panorama X-ray, histopathological report and operation report of 246 patients were reviewed who had been diagnosed as cyst. Sex distribution, age distribution, classification, anatomic distribution, clinical sign & symptoms, treatment, post-operation complications, recurrence rate were studied. Then significant difference between the diameter of cyst with bone graft and none-bone graft was calculated with SAS program. The results were as follows. 1. Among the total patient of 246 cases, male were 163 case(67.0%), and female were 83 case(37.0%), male predominated by the ratio of 1.98. 2. By age group, the 20's accounted for the largest proportion of the cases(27.2%) and the 30' accounted for the 2nd largest proportion of the case(19.5%). 3. Radicular cyst and dentigerous cyst were most common cysts, irrespective of 166 case(67.5%) and 62 case(25.2%). 4. Clinical sign & symptoms were swelling(167case), pain(85case), pus discharge(53case), teeth discoloration(28case), indicating that most complaints were related to inflammation and facial asymmetry. 4.9% of the total cases were discovered accidentally. 5. The primary site of cysts were maxillary anterior area(43.9%), the others were, in descending order, mandibular posterior area(25.6%), maxillary posterior area(14.6%). 6. Enucleation with endodontic treatment was a main treatment method(133 case, 54.1%) and 38 cases(15.4%) were enucleation with extraction, and 37 cases(15.0%) were only enucleation, and 21 cases(8.5%) were enucleation with bone graft. 7. The average diameter of cysts with bone graft was significally greater than with non-bone graft(p<0.05). 8. Post-operation complications occurred in 10 case(4.1%), all of this were due to secondary infection.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1001-1006
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• 2004

In order to examine the anti-arthritic properties of ShinEumHur(SEH)-herbal acupuncture, an adjuvant-induced arthritic rat was generated by the intra-articular injection of dried cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis emulsified in squalene into the right knee joint. Fifty microliter of SEH extract was injected into Zusanli(ST36) acupoint on the ipsilateral hind paw every other day for 2 weeks. The body weight, knee circumference, squeak threshold, and weight distribution ratio were analyzed as the assessment methods addressing arthritic symptoms such as arthritic pain, edema, and tenderness. The weight distribution ratio was measured by a digital-type analgesia instrument using the dual channel scale that separately measures the weight the arthritic rat distributes to each hind paw, and thus quantifies both of swelling and pain severities at once. The therapeutic effects of SEH-herbal acupuncture, assessed by squeaking threshold and weight distribution ratio, were observed on 8th day after the arthritis induction as compared to saline group and control group. On 10th day, SEH-herbal acupuncture therapy significantly started to alleviate the growing pattern of knee circumference of an arthritic rat in the range of 0.2㎝. However, the loss of body weight was not significantly recovered. Taken together, the SEH-herbal acupuncture exhibited the significant therapeutic efficiency to treat adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in rat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.357-365
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• 2002

A survey was under taken of six district of Northern India viz. Bareilly, Pilibhit, Udham Singh Nagar, Nainital, Almora and Rampur. The age, breed, sex and physiological status recorded. A total number of 854 cattle examined out of which lactating (274 cases), non lactating (302 cases) heifers (128 cases), calves (82 cases) and adult male (68 cases) were examined. An incidence of 4.92 percent (42) of microfilarisis was recorded. The highest prevalence was observed in Rudrapur District of Udham Singh Nagar (33.33%, 4/12), followed by Lalkaun in Nanital District (21.74%, 10/46), Rampur (12.50%, 2/16), Bareilly (8.16%, 8/98) and Pilibhit (1.22%, 1/82). No infection was observed in Almora region. Amongst 854 cattle of different group incidence was highest in adult male (12.20%, 10/82), followed by non lactating (3.82%, 12/314) and lactating (2.70%, 2/74), (7.64%, 12/157) was found in Heifers. For haemeto-biochemical, serum minerals estimations and therapeutic study 32 animals suffering from filariasis and 18 healthy animals were taken. 16 animals were treated with ivermectin $@200{\mu}g/kg $ body weight. Effect of this disease on production has also been estimated for which body weight and milk production was observed. The main clinical manifestations observed were anaemia, loss of appetite, debility, oedematous swelling especially in the abdominal region, increased heart rate, and respiration rate. Haematological changes indicated decrease in hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, erthrocyte fragility and neutrophil, whereas there was significant increase in erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR), total leukocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte and eosinophils. Biochemical changes showed significant reduction in the values of serum albumin, A : G ratio, where as there was significant increase in blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), globulin, total lipid, total cholesterol, phospholipids, serum bilirubin. Serum mineral profile also altered markedly, which indicate a significant decrease in Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn with increase value of Na and Cl. There was no significant change in P and K values. Enzyme pattern in micro filaria infected animal indicated increased level of AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. In blood gas values and acid/base balance, there was an increase in $PVCo_2$ and $PVo_2$. It has been observed that microfilaria infected cattle showed decrease in body weight and milk production. Animal treated with ivermectin showed the return of these above values toward normalcy.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.404-412
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• 2006

TThe purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties of chufa(Cyperus esculentus L., var sativus Boeck) starches by physical and chemical modification. Chufa starches were exposed to the microwave with 700W power oven for 1, 2, and 3 minutes. Also, starch was oxidized with 1.5%, 3% and 6% (15, 30, 60 mg Cl2/g starch $40^{\circ}\C$, pH 10, 3.0 hr) sodium hypochlorite. The shape of starch granules was not changed much by microwave heating and sodium hypochlorite. Water binding capacity increased but amylose content swelling power, and solubility decreased with increasing microwave heating time. Water binding capacity of the oxidized starch decreased with increasing the content of sodium hypochlorite. With increasing the microwave heating time, gelatinization temperature decreased, but enthalpy(${\Delta}H$) increased in physical modification of chufa starches. Also, chemically modified chufa starches have the similar pattern in gelatinization properties. Peak viscosities of RVA in physically modified chufa starches were 416-188 RVU, and in chemically modified chufa starches they were 129-267 RVU.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 1981

The gelatinization phenomena of bracken root starch were examined by means of the loss of birefringence, degree of digestibility by amylase and X-ray diffraction. These results indicated that gelatinization temperature of the starch was $55{\sim}60^{\circ}$ and over 95% of starch were gelatinized at the temperature between 60 and $70^{\circ}C$. The swelling power of the bracken root starch was much less steeper than that of potato or tapioca starch. Amylograph data on the various starch concentrations showed the pasting temperature of $62{\sim}68^{\circ}$, peak height of $80{\sim}840$ Brabender unit (BU) and peak after cooling to $50^{\circ}C$ of $110{\sim}555\;BU.$. According to the information obtained from amylograph data, the bracken root starch showed low set back. The rate of retrogradation of the starch as tested by Texturometer was slower and faster than that of potato and tapioca starches, respectively.