• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.183-185
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• 2011

The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among preschool children in Gimhae-si, Korea. A total of 6,921 preschool children in 76 kindergartens were examined using the cellotape perianal swab method. The overall egg positive rate (EPR) was 10.5%. The EPR in boys was higher than that in girls (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.5, P<0.001), and it was higher in rural than in urban children (AOR: 1.2, P=0.022). The present study confirmed that the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection is fairly high among preschool children in Gimhae-si. Therefore, systematic control and preventive measures should be adopted to reduce morbidity associated with this nematode infection.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2013

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have emerged as important healthcare-associated infection since last two decades. ChromID VRE agar (cIDVA) is useful for VRE rectal swab screening. We investigated all VRE were isolated on the cIDVA. A total of 363 rectal swabs of 85 patients to test VRE screening were inoculated into bile-esculin (B-E) broth with $6{\mu}g/mL$ vancomycin. After 24 hours incubation, we subcultured B-E broths were changed to black onto cIDVA. All isolates were identified by the MICROSCAN and VITEK2. The vanA gene and vancomycin minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) were detected by PCR and E-test respectively. 277 E. faecium (84.7%), 16 E. faecalis (4.9%), 25 E. avium (7.6%), 8 E. gallinarum (2.4%) and 1 E. raffinosus (0.3%) were isolated. 10.3% of VRE detected on cIDVA were other than E. faecium and E. faecalis that presented various color from colorless to pale violet. All isolates contained vanA and vancomycin MIC were > $256{\mu}g/mL$. VRE isolates other than E. faecium and E. faecalis should be objective to the contact precautions for healthcare-associated infection control if they possess vanA gene. Due to emerging enterococci carrying vanA such as E. avium, E. gallinarum, and E. raffinosus, VRE surveillance should be expanded to all isolates on chromogenic agar.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권10호
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• pp.395-401
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• 2016

Since the outbreak of the enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in Malaysia in 1997, large epidemics of EV71 have occurred in the Asia-Pacific region. Many children and infants have died from serious neurological complications during these epidemics, and EV71 infection has become a serious public health problem in these areas. EV71 infection causes hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children, and usually resolves spontaneously. However, EV71 occasionally involves the central nervous system (CNS), and induces diverse neurological complications such as brainstem encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. Among those complications, brainstem encephalitis is the most critical neurological manifestation because it can cause neurogenic pulmonary hemorrhage/edema leading to death. The characteristic clinical symptoms such as myoclonus and ataxia, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, and brainstem lesions on magnetic resonance imaging, in conjunction with the skin rash of HFMD and the isolation of EV71 from a stool, throat-swab, or CSF sample are typical findings indicating CNS involvement of EV71 infection. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and milrinone are recommended in cases with severe neurological complications from EV71 infection, such as brainstem encephalitis. Despite the recent discovery of receptors for EV71 in human cells, such as the scavenger receptor B2 and P-selection glycoprotein ligand 1, it is not known why EV71 infection predominantly involves the brainstem. Recently, 3 companies in China have completed phase III clinical trials of EV71 vaccines. However, the promotion and approval of these vaccines in various countries are problems yet to be resolved.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2015

Two cats were obtained from a cat kennel. Over the previous 7 days, the cats had shown cough, anorexia, depression and nasal discharge. In this study, the consensus PCR was able to detect successfully Mycoplasma species in nasal swab samples of the cats. To identify feline mycoplasma species from the lung tissue of the cats with pneumonia, Mycoplasma species-specific PCR reactions were conducted. As the results, we could identify M. felis by the positive amplified DNAs. On the other hand, we could not detect any positive reactions with the PCR reaction for M. arginini, M. canis, M. edwardii, M. cynos, M. gateae, M. maculosum, M. molared, M. opalescens, M. spumans and Mycoplasma HRC-689. In conclusion, we detected M. felis from the kenneled cats with pneumonia. We suggested that this consensus PCR would be useful and effective for monitoring Mycoplasma species in various kinds of animals including cats. The application of preceding consensus PCR before the species-specific PCRs may be the most recommended strategy for the identification of Mycoplasma spp.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.161-164
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• 2017

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most important diseases in calves. It causes a huge economic loss in farms. BRD in calves is concentrated during winter because of the cold weather and lack of ventilation. However, BRD during summer in calves has continuously been a problem in farms. But there is no study about pathogens of summer pneumonia in calves and antimicrobial susceptibility in Korea. Therefore, aims of this study were to identify the pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility in calves with summer pneumonia. One hundred and one calves (2 weeks to 5 months after birth) with clinical sign of BRD from 5 farms were selected. After sampling by deep nasal swab, bacterial isolation and identification was conducted. Also, antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed. Pasteurella spp (49.4%), Staphylococcus spp (21.5%), Actinomyces spp (12.9%), E coli (10.7%), and Mannheimia haemolytica (5.3%) were isolated. The patterns of isolated pathogens from each farm were various. Also, the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics was showed a variety of patterns in each farm.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

Thorough screening of donors medical and social history, extensive serological and bacterial screening combined with developed processing and sterilization methods have improved the safety of the allogeneic tissues in recent decades. The risk of bacterial infection through allogenic tissue transplantation is one of the major problems facing tissue banks. The purpose study is to report the contamination rate in 358 retrieved tissues obtained strictly aseptic conditions, between 2001 and 2002 in Korea Tissue Bank. Samples from 9 donors(total 13 donors) were used in blood culture, and in 7 donors the blood culture were negative. Of the 358 tissues cultured in their entirety, 186(52%) were initially culture negative and 177(48%) were positive. Organism low pathogenicity were cultures from 20.2% of the tissues. To minimize the bacterial load, donors should be obtain in operating rooms, using aseptic techniques with only a few personnel for procurement. The procurement cultures from donors and retrieved tissues with multiple should be carefully interpreted. Blood cultures should be taken account, since these can help to find contamination not detect swab culture. A prospective cohort study is needed to determine which of the varied processing and sterilization methodologies gives the best quality.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.395-403
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• 2005

Purpose: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen in the intensive care units (ICUS). The purpose of this case-control study is to identify risk factors for acquisition of MRSA during ICU stays in patients with and without MRSA. Method: The study was conducted in a 16 beds-neurosurgical intensive care unit of a 2200-bed tertiary care university hospital in Seoul, Korea. Medical record and Critical Classification Scoring System were reviewed retrospectively in patients who were admitted more than 3 days from August 1, 2003 to May 30, 2004. Cases and controls were matched for age and gender. The obtained specimens were nasal swab and sputum. Result: There were 950 patients' admissions during the period. Among them, MRSA was isolated from twenty-three patients who were considered as hospital acquired. Artificial airway (p=.045), frequency of suction (p=.002), nasogastric tube (p=.004), wound drain (p=.045), and vancomycin (p=.019) were risk factors for MRSA acquisition in univariate analysis. Frequency of suction (p=.012, OR 3.5) was revealed as the only risk factor in multivariate conditional logistic regression. Conclusion: Our findings give support to recent studies that suggest that frequent physical contact maγ increase the nosocomial acquisition of MRSA in a neurosurgical ICU.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2011

This study carried out to investigate the pathogenic Streptococcus spp. isolated from respiratory tract of Thoroughbred in Jeju province. The specimens were collected from nasal mucosa using a culture swab from 113 Thoroughbred horses. Suspected colonies were selected onto blood and MacConkey agar plate, and identified by standard biochemical properties using Vitek 2 system and PCR method. In this study, we isolated S. equi (n=6), S. zooepidemicus (n=31), S. equisimilis (n=5), S. dysgalactiae (n=2), S. agalctiae (n=1), non identified ${\beta}$-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. (n=1) from Thoroughbred horses. In antimicrobial susceptibility test, it showed a high sensibility in the most of antimicrobial except for neomycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, erythromycin and clindamycin. These results will provide the basic information to establish control measures for the treatment and prevention of respiratory disease by pathogenic Streptococcus spp. in Thoroughbred horses in Korea.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.249-255
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• 1998

Mucoceles of the minor salivary glands are the most common cystic lesions affected the oral mucosa. They are believed to be the result of trauma to the salivary duct caused, for example, by biting the lip, cheek, or tongue. Surgical excision has been the most common treatment for these lesions, but occasional recurrences develop after excision because surgical trauma may damage the surrounding minor salivary glands Although various alternative nonsurgical approaches, such as steroid infection, application of gamma-linolenic acid, have also been reported, they are not used routinely, Lasers, particularly the carbon dioxide laser, have been used in the management of mucoceles. Although this treatment requires specialized equipment. Cryotherapy is another effective nonsurgical method for treating mucoceles. Clinically, cryotherapy has primarily been applied to the treatment of leukoplakia and hyperplastic, granulomatous, vascular, and pigmented lesions. Limited information, however, is available on the application of cryotherapy in salivary gland lesions, including mucoceles. A simple and easy cryotherapy to treat a mucocele on the lower lip is described. A 25 years old female patient with a mucocele on the lower lip was treated by direct application of liquid nitrogen with a cotton swab. The lesion was exposed to 4 or 5 cycles composed of freezings of 10-30 s and thawings of double the freezing times. No anesthesia was required. The lesion nearly disappeared without scar 10 days after the cryotherapy. Cryotherapy has become an established nonsurgical method, characterized by its simple application, therapeutic effectiveness, painless during the procedure and low incidence of secondary infection and hemorrhage.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.274-279
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• 2016

목적: 치과 기공용 연마기 휠을 소독하기 위한 클로르헥시딘의 농도에 따른 캔디다균의 감염방지효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 동일한 모형에서 제작된 상악 총의치를 캔디다균에 감염시키고, 서로 다른 농도의 클로르헥시딘 용액에 1시간 보관한 연마 휠과 멸균된 퍼미스와 증류수를 이용하여, 치과기공용 연마기로 연마하였다. 이후 멸균된 상악 총의치를 연이어 연마한 뒤 연마한 부위를 면봉으로 채취하여, 재배양후 칸디다균의 여부를 확인하였다. 결과: 클로르 헥시딘을 적용한 연마휠은 농도에 관계 없이 감염의 전파가 일어나지 않았으나, 증류수만을 사용한 연마휠에서는 감염의 전파가 나타났다. 결론: 의치 연마기 휠의 감염방지를 위해 클로르헥시딘 용액은 효과적이다.