• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.349-360
• /
• 2011

The international oil price have being fluctuated due to the exhaustion of fossil energy problem became big social issue. Rural villages are relatively sensitive to the energy problem, reflecting the characteristics of rural sustainable and stable introduction of renewable energy sources that are available is essential. In addition, through the influx of young workers in rural areas to regain vitality, efforts to improve rural living environment has been under the rural newtown project. In this study, a survey aimed at rural dwellers through the AHP, interview to report of realization about renewable energy and review the current policies. The results of realization survey though AHP are as follows, (1) the advantage of the natural environment (2) the superiority of government supporting policy and being economic, (3) easy to use, (4) ecologically stable, and (5) policy stable, respectively. In addition, renewable energy sources among the inhabitants of rural areas by solar energy was the highest score. The impact of regional characteristics compared with other energy sources receive little, easy to apply and has already been considerable technological development is considered.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2010

In this paper, we proposed "Future Design and Success Engineering in Global Society by Self-Innovation" (an abbreviated name: FDSE). We started to make a small experiment between Korea Maritime University and Yamagata University at the current year. After inspecting the results, especially, successful and unsuccessful points in our lecture, we have to develop the strong points and amend the week points, through making the analysis of success-failure, which is his favorite management method. We have to level up the contents of our work in the future. The students for this lecture would learn from experiences of "the common knowledge (common field of discussion)", held common languages, common thought, common system. They filled up the blanks of "The Matrix Frame" which is mentioned in the previous report, and they expressed their own way of life (work, study). As a matter of course, their personal private affairs must not be made public. It is quite happy that the cultural, economical exchanges between Korea and Japan are now in full flourish and people do a lot of traveling each other. However, if this project will start on the educational global standard, we have a world-wide significance. Moreover, we can promote goodwill between Korea and Japan, and also we can contribute to a better international understanding and the peace of the world by students in both Universities. We hope that candidates for this lecture will have a rounded personality and be a life worthy of human being for realizing Self-Actualization in "Motivation and Personality" by Abraham Maslow.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.169-183
• /
• 2020

Nigrospora is a monophyletic genus belonging to Apiosporaceae. Species in this genus are phytopathogenic, endophytic, and saprobic on different hosts. In this study, leaf specimens with disease symptoms were collected from host plants from the Shandong Peninsula, China. The fungal taxa associated with these leaf spots were studied using morphology and phylogeny based on ITS, TEF1, and TUB2 gene regions. In this article, we report on the genus Nigrospora with N. gorlenkoana, N. oryzae, N. osmanthi, N. rubi, and N. sphaerica identified with 13 novel host associations including crops with economic importance such as bamboo and Chinese rose.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2013.02a
• /
• pp.277-277
• /
• 2013

The epitaxial graphene on the 4H- or 6H-SiC(0001) surface has been intensively studied due to the possibility of wafer-scale growt. However the existence of interface layer (zero layer graphene) and its influence on the upper graphene layer have been considered as one of the main obstarcles for the industrial application. Among various methods tried to overcome the strong interaction with the substrate through the interface layer, it has been proved that the hydrogen intercalation successfully passivate the Si dangling bond of the substrate and can produce the quasi-free standing epitaxial graphene (QFEG) layers on the siC(0001) surface. In this study, we report the results of the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and Raman spectroscopy for the QFEG layers produced by ex-situ and in-situ hydrogen intercalation.From the ARPES measurement, we confirmed that the Dirac points of QFEG layers exactly coincide with the Fermi level. The band structure of QFEG layer are sustainable upon thermal heating up to 1100 K and robust against the deposition of several metals andmolecular deposition. We also investigated the strain of the QFEG layers by using Raman spectroscopy measurement. From the change of the 2D peak position of graphene Raman spectrum, we found out that unlike the strong compressive strain in the normal epitaxial graphene on the SiC(0001) surface, the strain of the QFEG layer are significantly released and almost similar to that of the mechanically exfoliated graphene on the silicon oxide substrate. These results indicated that various ideas proposed for the ideal free-standing graphene can be tested based on the QFEG graphene layers grown on the SiC(0001) surface.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 2015

Since the consumption of the livestock products increased for the past 10 years in Korea, the water use for live animals has become more important in terms of water savings. Therefore, the index connecting water use and livestock products consumption should be required for sustainable water management, and water footprint concept could be suggested as the index. The aim of this study is to estimate the water footprint for livestock products; beef cattle, swine, and broiler chicken. The water footprint for livestock products is divided into direct and indirect water. The direct water includes the drinking and servicing water, and the indirect water includes the water for the cultivation of feed crops. The water footprint of beef cattle was calculated to $17,023.1m^3/ton$, and direct water was $91.2m^3/ton$, and indirect water was $16,931.9m^3/ton$. The water footprint of swine was calculated to $4,235.8m^3/ton$, and direct water was $129.7m^3/ton$, and indirect water was $4,106.0m^3/ton$. The water footprint of broiler chicken was calculated to $2,427.7m^3/ton$, and direct water was $7.6m^3/ton$, and indirect water was $2,420.1m^3/ton$. Also, we compared the water footprint to water demand of water vision 2020 which is the main report for national water management. The water vision 2020 reported only direct water for live animal, but the water footprint includes the direct and indirect water. Therefore, the water footprint could be applied to various fields relating water and food.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.339-356
• /
• 2012

At this point in time, the importance of cosmeceuticals is being emphasized. This report is about the cosmeceuticals usage analysis of actual condition and purchasing behavior of female undergraduates. I suggest the methods for the sustainable improvement of cosmeceuticals that will satisfy needs of more customers through market segmentation. The subjects of this study were 340 undergraduates of selected 2 women's Universities in Seoul. 300 replies among the total distibuted questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS WIN 15.0 Statistics program. Through the study, it appears that the most female undergraduates use cosmeceuticals and the usage of cosmeceuticals is to resolve their skin problems. The most popular places for the purchase of cosmeceuticals are department stores and the most important consideration on purchases is the effectiveness of products. It is discovered that sunscreens are the most used cosmeceuticals.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.553-563
• /
• 2019

Investigations related with factors influencing root and crown rot are rare and mainly related to farming practice and soil management. The main objective of this study was to examine broader range of factors influencing stem-base infestation of winter wheat in the field conditions. The effect of spatial distribution of infected plants on disease index (DIs) assessments was also investigated. Analysis of factors influencing DIs of crown rot of wheat demonstrated significant influence of the growing seasons (P < 0.001) and extreme fluctuations in winter temperatures (P < 0.001). In addition to that, localities together with their interaction with the growing season also significantly influenced DIs (P < 0.001). Aggregation of infected plants influenced variability of DI estimations, and it was pointed out that more extensive investigation should be conducted on broad range of DI in order to establish sampling method giving uniform sampling precision. Fusarium graminearum was shown to be predominant Fusarium species in Serbia (72.6%) using sequence-characterized amplified region analysis. Interestingly F. oxysporum was isolated in higher frequencies (27.4%) than it was reported in the literature. Given that there were no reports on the diversity of Fusarium species causing crown rot of wheat in Serbia, this study presents first report on this important subject. It also indicated that more attention should be focused on combined effects of abiotic and biotic factors influencing stem-base infestation of winter wheat. This knowledge will contribute to better understanding of factors influencing root and crown rot of wheat which would ensure sustainable disease management in the future.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.687-691
• /
• 2008

Purpose: An inverted nipple presents both cosmetic and functional problems. It is a source of repeated irritation and inflammation, and interferes with nursing. In addition, its abnormal appearance may cause psychological distress. With consideration of its underlying pathophysiologic components and severity, a number of techniques have been introduced for correction of this anomaly. The diversity of techniques indicates the lack of a good, sustainable, and durable solution for this quite common problem. We report our method as an alternative solution for correcting of the inverted nipple. Methods: From August 2003 to November 2007, 273 nipples in 147 patients were treated. 126 patients had bilateral inverted nipples. Patient age at the operation ranged from 21 to 63 years(mean age, 34 years). All nipples were congenital anomaly. 45 nipples were graded as grade I, 179 nipples as II, and 49 nipples as III. In the our study, we made some modification to the classic purse-string suture: (1) twice purse-string suture: (2) excision of diamond-shaped skin at the nipple neck: (3) buried suture of the breast parenchyma at the nipple base: (4) some timely release of retraction using Bovie's electrocautery dissection at inner surface of the nipple neck. Results: The operation time averaged 15 minutes. The mean follow-up period ranged from 3 to 48 months, with an average of 8.4 months. There were no complications associated with the surgery, such as infection, hematoma, permanent sensory disturbance, or total nipple necrosis except temporary sensory loss in 9 cases, partial nipple necrosis in 7 cases, and recurred inversion in 15 cases. All patients except recurred inversion were satisfied with their results. Conclusion: We believe that our modified purse-string suture is a reliable, simple, safe, and effective method for correcting the inverted nipple.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.241-254
• /
• 2015

This study attempts to examine farmers' preference and perception towards cropland agroforestry (CAF) and its economic benefits in Bangladesh. It surveys 84 farmers of two sub-districts named Manirampur and Bagherpara under Jessore district of Bangladesh to address the study objectives with the help of a questionnaire during the period of June to July 2013. We follow a multistage random sampling procedure for selecting respondents of the survey. A total of 27 plant species under 19 families are identified in the surveyed crop fields, among which 11 are tree species and 1 is shrub from 8 families and 15 species are agricultural crops from 11 families. According to the survey findings, most of the farmers prefer multipurpose tree species like Swietenia macrophylla (67 percent), Phoenix sylvestris (48 percent), Mangifera indica (48 percent) and Cocos nucifera (43 percent). We also find that Curcuma longa (92 percent), Oryza spp. (56 percent), Solanum melongena (43 percent) and Amorphophallus campanulatus (33 percent) are the available agriculture crops which are grown in association with trees in the study area. The surveyed farmers report that they practice CAF to get fuel wood, fodder, juice, fruit and food for family consumption and revenue earnings. About 76 percent of the surveyed farmers endorse the existence of a positive interaction between trees and agriculture crops, while the rest 24 percent endorse the existence of a negative interaction between trees and agriculture crops. This study finds that CAF farmers on an average earn US$ 1,410 per farm per year and the yearly average revenue difference between CAF and non-cropland agroforestry (NCAF) farmers is US$ 214. Overall, CAF needs to develop through scientific intervention in the study area to conserve the biodiversity and to enhance farmers' sustainable livelihood.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.669-686
• /
• 2017

This study reinterpreted the value of traditional communities in rural areas and explored ways to revitalize sustainable communities. To do this, we surveyed the members' perceptions about the activities of the community organization as assessed through a questionnaire. The questionnaire items focused on the participation, satisfaction and contribution of the members of the community organization, with additional questions investigating the idea of the community vitalizations plan. A self-report questionnaire survey was administered to 321 members of the community, and the results were analyzed through technical data, t-test and ANOVA analysis by using the SPSS program. In the results, the perceptions of the members of the traditional village community differed significantly according to socio - demographic factors and member recognition characteristics. Especially, males were more voluntarily and positively compared to females, and the lower the age of satisfaction, the lower was the perceived individual satisfaction with community activities. In the case of perceived contributions to individuals and the community, the participants perceived positively in the emotional support for the individual's participation in the organization. On the other hand, the results confirmed that the contribution to the local community is important in realistic aspects such as regional vitalizations. It is confirmed by the decrease in the number of members in response to the difficulty of the organization. (Ed- 'the lack of the size of the membership' simply repeats 'the decrease in the number of members'; thus it's unnecessary).