• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2017

MET (Microbial Electrochemical Technology), such as MFC (Microbial Fuel Cell) and MEC (Microbial Electrolysis Cell), is a promising technology for producing sustainable biogas from an anaerobic digester (AD). At current stage, however, the most likely limiting factors, large internal resistances, should be overcome for successful scale up of this technology. Various researchers reported that application of electrode materials containing high current density, increase of ion strength and conductivity, configuration of electrode are good methods for minimizing internal resistances. Recently, stainless steel is receiving great attention because of not only high performance and durability but also low cost. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate electrochemical characteristics and biogas production rate using various electrode materials and configuration (graphite carbon coated with catalysts ($GC-C_M$) or not (GC), stainless steel mesh (SUS-M) and plate (SUS-P)). As the results, current densities of $GC-C_M$, GC, SUS-P, SUS-M were 2.03, 1.36, 1.04, $1.13A/m^2$, respectively. Methane yields of $GC-C_M$, GC, SUS-P, SUS-M were 0.27, 0.14, 0.19, 0.21 $L-CH_4/g-COD_{rem}$., respectively. Stainless steel shows high current density and methane yield, which are similar as graphite carbon coated with catalysts.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.397-406
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• 2011

This research aims to develop various infill-systems for practically applying to long-life housing with 100-year durability and flexibility as a strategy for realizing sustainable residential environment. Especially, the developed infill-systems & technologies were concentrated to the mock-up house applied with the standard model of long-life housing, and their in-situ applicability by a phase, experts' consultation, and questionnaire survey were also evaluated. This research was executed to divide by 3 phases. In the First phase infill-systems for a housing unit of $84m^2$ exclusive use area as well as a support of whole structure and infill-systems including dry wall, and windows were constructed, and their in-situ applicability were evaluated. In the Second phase vertical integration of upper and lower housing units of $50m^2$ and $40m^2$ exclusive use area was investigated the first in domestic for 3 housing units of $50m^2$ exclusive use area. In addition, various infill-systems including the horizontal expansion of $50m^2$ and $10m^2$ exclusive use areas were also constructed and evaluated on their in-situ applicability. In the third phase diverse performance tests and field investigation for in-situ verifying of dry Ondol, developed this research, were executed to improve their practicability. Inner dry walls were taken apart, moved and re-constructed for verifying their practicability to investigate 3R-Reduce, Reuse and Recycle-realization too.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.8 s.157
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• pp.655-664
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• 2005

A real-time monitoring and modeling system (RTMMS) for rainfall-induced turbidity flow, which is one of the major obstacles for sustainable use of reservoir water resources, is under development. As a prediction model for the RTMMS, a laterally integrated two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2 was tested by simulating the temperature stratification, density flow regimes, and temporal and spatial distributions of turbidity in a reservoir. The inflow water temperature and turbidity measured every hour during the flood season of 2004 were used as the boundary conditions. The monitoring data showed that inflow water temperature drop by 5 to $10^{\circ}C$ during rainfall events in summer, and consequently resulted in the development of density flow regimes such as plunge flow and interflow in the reservoir. The model showed relatively satisfactory performance in replicating the water temperature profiles and turbidity distributions, although considerable discrepancies were partially detected between observed and simulated results. The model was either very efficient in computation as the CPU run time to simulate the whole flood season took only 4 minutes with a Pentium 4(CPU 2.0GHz) desktop computer, which is essentially requited for real-time modeling of turbidity plume.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1057-1064
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• 2014

Recently, there has been a growing interest in sustainable energy. One method that has been used is an organic Rankine cycle using conventional turbine technology with a low-temperature waste heat source. A 200-kW organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system was designed for a waste heat recovery application using R245fa as the working fluid. A radial turbine running at 15,000 rpm was employed to generate more than 200 kW with an expansion ratio of nine. Because an ORC turbine uses a refrigerant as the working fluid, the ideal gas law was not employed to design the turbine. In addition, the complexity of the molecular structure of R245fa made it difficult to design the turbine. Because R245fa has an Ma value of one at a low velocity for the working fluid (about 1/3 of the speed of sound in air) at about $100^{\circ}C$, it easily reaches a supersonic flow condition with a small pressure expansion. To increase the efficiency of the turbine, a dual stage radial-type turbine with a subsonic speed was suggested. This paper will describe the design procedure and performance evaluation of the ORC turbine using R245fa.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.202-211
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• 2015

Companies build the factory automation system to improve management effectiveness and productivity as prime strategies for sustainable growth. But most companies undergo various trials and errors while carrying out the project without elaborate preparation stage for factory automation. In this study, we tried to verify what factors are critical to effectively building distribution automation system, which is a branch of factory automation system. A consulting model for setting up a Material Handling Automation System by utilizing the Stage-Gate Process, which is product development process was studied. 29 material handling automation projects carried out between the year 1990 to 2013 at K-Company were selected. Interviews with the project managers, operators and maintenance personnels, various records and current status of the projects were used as data for structural equations based on the Milan consulting model and existing researches of factory automation, CIM for material handling automation. Creating effective basis of production, material handling system and energy saving system with expert review, when preparing a material handling automation project, help promote the project planning thus contributing to the performance of the resulting system, which appears though rather weakly in our data. Also the effect of material handling automation can be enhanced through sufficient and effective links to the relevant environments such as production logistics management and automated warehouses. More detailed planning characteristics of project promotion or some time-series data of effective Material Handling Automation System could enhace furthur studies. We propose a consulting model for setting up an efficient material handling automation system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.39-49
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• 2021

This study was conducted to establish practical goals for the viewing environment and interpretation and delivery system of cultural heritage and to create an viewing environment according to the classification of cultural heritage types, and the conclusions reached are as follows. First, five goals were set based on the international basic principles of the cultural heritage viewing environment and interpretation and delivery system. Second, based on the set goals, cultural heritage was classified into the first type 'disappeared and hidden heritage', the second type 'stuffed memory heritage', and the third type 'living memory heritage'. Third, the directions for creating the viewing environment for each type of cultural heritage were suggested. The first type has to be able to properly convey cultural heritage to visitors through excavation and digital technology. The second type needs a plan to deliver tangible and intangible values by combining various digital technologies with actual cultural heritage. The third type should emphasize the role of local residents in effectively enjoying the tangible and intangible values ??that already exist. Fourth, it proposed comprehensive considerations in the establishment of the cultural heritage viewing environment and interpretation and delivery system. Based on dynamic and sustainable heritage management, cultural heritage viewing should be valuable, satisfying and enjoyable. In addition, local communities should be actively involved, and tourism and conservation activities should be able to benefit the community. Establishment of a viewing environment should protect and strengthen the authenticity of cultural heritage.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 2012

Forests act as carbon sinks and also improve water resources and biodiversity to climate change. Secure funding, administrative support, and sustainable management systems are essential to conserve forests and to implement international forestry related projects to climate change. Public private partnership (PPP) could be an effective way for forestry sector in developing countries. Awareness analysis should be preceded in order to encourage participation of enterprises for the diversification of funding and the enhancing quality of projects. We conducted a survey targeting more than 129 private enterprises for awareness analysis. As a result, lack of information, complexity of processes and low profit resulted in low interest on forest projects from private enterprises. Improving awareness of recipient countries on forest resources, financial and institutional supports from the public sector, information sharing, performance management and equal partnership between sectors were suggested to encourage PPP in international forestry related projects to climate change.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.135-146
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• 2018

A Visual landscape planning and management system has been introduced and implemented by each ministry so as to solve the problems of visual landscape destruction due to recognition on the value of natural landscape of beautiful territory and various development projects. At present, this system emphasizes the importance of the visual and perceptual aspect of the landscape however, there is a lack of techniques required for comprehensively predicting, evaluating, and managing it. Furthermore, sustainable landscape management after the completion of development projects has been inadequately carried out, as the focus has been only on consultation in the planning process of the development project in institutional performance. To this end, we presented objective and standardized criteria to predict and judge the effects of development projects on landscapes before project implementation. During the implementation of the development project, the influence of the visual landscape becomes accumulated in the construction progress stage. There is a need to identify the main viewpoints and to examine the continuous changes in the landscape-influencing factors, owing to the remarkable influences on the landscape, such as the change in the topography and the change caused by the artificial structure. During the stage of managing the influence on the visual landscape after the completion of the project, the influence on landscape should be monitored by measuring the change in the continuous landscape-influencing factors and determining the extent to which the actual reduction plan has been implemented. These processes should be performed continuously to maintain the quality of the visual landscape. The change in the landscape caused by the development project is shown to cause relatively greater visual damage than other factors composing the landscape owing to the influence of the artificial factors including the structure or the building. This shows that not only detailed examination of the visual impact before the development project but also continuous management is required during and after the development project. For this purpose, we derived eight landscape-influencing factors including form/shape, line, color, texture, scale/volume, height, skyline, and landscape control point. The proposed considering to be of high utilization in that it has a clear target of the landscape influencing factors.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2019

The significance of PNT information in the fourth industrial revolution is viewed differently in relation to the past. Autonomous vehicles, autonomous vessels, smart grids, and national infrastructure require sustainable and reliable services in addition to their high precision service. Satellite navigation system, which is the most representative system for providing PNT information, receive signals from satellites outside the earth so signal reception power is low and signal structures for civilian use are open to the public. Therefore, it is vulnerable to intentional and unintentional interference or hacking. Satellite navigation systems, which can easily acquire high performance of PNT information at low cost, require alternatives due to its vulnerability to the hacking. This paper proposed R-Mode (Ranging Mode) technology that utilizes currently operated navigation and communication infrastructure in terms of Signals of OPportunity (SoOP). For this, the Nationwide Differential Global Navigation Satellite System (NDGNSS), which currently gives a service of Medium Frequency (MF) navigation signal broadcasting, was used to validate the feasibility of a backup infrastructure in domestic maritime areas through simulation analysis.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 2021

Recently, various connected industrial parks (CIPs) architectures using new technologies such as cloud computing, CPS, big data, fifth-generation mobile communication 5G, IIoT, VR-AR, and ventilation transportation AI algorithms have been proposed in Korea. Korea's small and medium-sized enterprises do not have the upper hand in technological competitiveness than overseas advanced countries such as the United States, Europe and Japan. For this reason, Korea's small and medium-sized enterprises have to invest a lot of money in technology research and development. As a latecomer, Korean SMEs need to improve their profitability in order to find sustainable growth potential. Financially, it is most efficient for small and medium-sized Korean companies to cut costs to increase their profitability. This paper made profitability improvement by reducing costs for small and medium-sized enterprises located in CIPs in Korea a major task. VJP (Vehicle Action Program) was noted as a way to reduce costs for small and medium-sized enterprises located in CIPs in Korea. The method of achieving minimum logistics costs for small businesses through the Korean CIPs payment system was analyzed. The details of the new Korean CIPs payment system were largely divided into four types: "Business", "Data", "Technique", and "Finance". Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) was used as a performance analysis method for CIPs payment systems.