• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.903-919
• /
• 2015

The flow of freshly mixed cement-based material shows thixotropy, which implies some difficulties on robust measurement of its rheological properties: The flow curve of thixotropic materials depends on the used protocol. For examples, higher viscosity is obtained when the rate of shear strain is more quickly increased. Even though precise measurement and modelling of the concrete rheology needs to consider the thixotropic effect, engineers in the concrete field prefer considering as a non-thixotropic Herschel-Bulkley fluid, even more simply Bingham fluid. That is due to robustness of the measurement and application in casting process. In the aspect of simplification, this papers attempts to mimic the thixoropic flow by the non-thixotropic Herschel-Bulkley model. Disregarding the thixotropy of cement based materials allows us to adopt the rheological concept in the field. An optimized protocol to measure the Bingham parameters was finally found based on the accuracy and reproducibility test of cement paste samples, which minimizes the error of simulation stemming from the assumption of non-thixotropy.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.27-39
• /
• 2005

In the recent design of high ductile fiber-reinforced ECC (engineered cementitious composite), optimizing both processing and mechanical properties for specific applications is critical. This study presents an innovative method to develop new class ECCs, which possess the different fluid properties to facilitate diverse types of processing (i.e., self-consolidating or shotcrete processing) while maintaining ductile hardened properties. In the material design concept, we employ a parallel control of fresh and hardened properties by using micromechanics and cement rheology. Control of colloidal interaction between the particles is regarded as a key factor to allow the performance of the specific processing. To determine how to control the particle interactions and the viscosity of cement suspension, we first introduce two chemical admixtures including a highly charged polyelectrolyte and a non-ionic polymer. Optimized mixing steps and dosages we, then, obtained within the solid concentration predetermined based on micromechanical principle. Test results indicate that the rheological properties altered by this approach were revealed to be highly effective in obtaining the desired function of the fresh ECC, allowing us to readily achieve hardened properties, represented by pseudo strain-hardening behavior in uniaxial tension.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2017

Debris flow is a composition of solid objects of various sizes, suspension and water, which occurs frequently as the results of landslide following heavy rainfall. This often causes extensive damage in the form of socio-economic losses and casualties as witnessed during the incident around Mt. Umyeon, Seoul in 2011. There have been numerous investigation to mitigate the impacts from debris flow; however, the estimation as preparedness measure has not been successful due to nonlinear and multiphase characteristics of phenomena both in material and process inherent in the debris flow. This study presents a numerical approach to simulate the debris flow using open source code of computational fluid dynamics, OpenFOAM with non-Newtonian viscosity model for three phase material modeling. In order to validate the proposed numerical method, the quantitative evaluations were made by comparisons with experimental results and qualitative analysis for the dispersion characteristics was carried for the case of debris flow in the actual incident from Mt. Umyeon.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 2007

A nanofluid is a mixture of solid nanoparticles and a common base fluid. Nanofluids have shown great potential in improving the heat transfer properties of liquids. However, previous studies on the characteristics of nanofluids did not adequately explain the enhancement of heat transfer. This study examined the distribution of particles in a fluid and compared the mechanism for the enhancement of heat transfer in a nanofluid with that in a general microparticle suspension. A theoretical model was formulated with shear-induced particle migration, viscosity-induced particle migration, particle migration by Brownian motion, as well as the inertial migration of particles. The results of the simulation showed that there was no significant particle migration, with no change in particle concentration in the radial direction. A uniform particle concentration is very important in the heat transfer of a nanofluid. As the particle concentration and effective thermal conductivity at the wall region is lower than that of the bulk fluid, due to particle migration to the center of a microfluid, the addition of microparticles in a fluid does not affect the heat transfer properties of that fluid. However, in a nanofluid, particle migration to the center occurs quite slowly, and the particle migration flux is very small. Therefore, the effective thermal conductivity at the wall region increases with increasing addition of nanoparticles. This may be one reason why a nanofluid shows a good convective heat transfer performance.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제52권1호
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 2014

페놀-포름알데히드를 이용하여 레졸형 구형 페놀수지 입자를 합성함에 있어 반응물의 조성이 입도분포, 수율 및 밀도에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 분산매의 양을 감소시킴에 따라 현탁액의 점도가 증가하며 이로 인해 입도분포의 변화 및 응집 현상의 원인이 됨을 확인하였고, 안정제의 양을 증가시킴에 따라 현탁입자의 표면적을 증가시키기 위해 평균입도가 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 적정량 이상의 경화제의 사용은 입도분포 및 수율에는 영향을 미치지 않으나 형성된 입자 내부의 격렬한 경화반응으로 인해 발생하는 물분자의 탈출이 원활하지 않게 되어 밀도가 감소하는 것을 SEM 사진을 통해 확인하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.460-465
• /
• 2013

Plate-shaped inorganic particles are coated onto a stainless steel substrate by the electrophoretic deposition of a precursor slurry which includes the inorganic particles of $Al_2O_3$ and polymer resin in mixed solvents to mimic the abalone shell structure, which is a composite of plate-shaped inorganic particles and organic interlayer binding materials with a layered orientation. The process parameters of the electrophoretic deposition include the voltage, coating time, and conductivity of the substrate. In addition, the suspension parameters are the particle size, concentration, viscosity, conductivity, and stability. We prepared an organic-inorganic composite coating with a high inorganic solid content by arraying the plate-shaped $Al_2O_3$ particles and electrophoretic resin via an electrophoretic deposition method. We analyzed the effect of the slurry composition and the electrophoretic deposition process parameters on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the coating layer, i.e., the thickness, density, particle orientation, Young's modulus and thermogravimetric analysis results.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.371-378
• /
• 2007

Red ginseng has been considered a functional food, and many studies on red ginseng and the prevention of cancer, hypertension, arteriosclerosis and constipation have been conducted. In this study, white bread dough with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5% red ginseng marc powder was measured by a farinograph, extensograph, amylograph, as well as for pH to evaluate the development time, stability, extensibility, resistance to extension, gelatinization temperature, and maximum viscosity temperature. The ash content of the wheat flour increased with an increasing content of red ginseng marc powder. The gelatinization maximum and the temperature for the gelatinization maximum of the flour-water suspension in the amylograph were not affected by the addition of red ginseng marc powder. The moisture absorption of the wheat flour in the farinograph increased as the content of red ginseng marc powder increased. Also, as the content of red ginseng marc powder increased, dough development time decreased. The extensibility of the dough in the extensograph showed a negative relationship with the amount of red ginseng marc powder added.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.304-311
• /
• 2019

Ohmic heating is a heating method based on the principle when an electrical current passes through food. Since this method is internal, electrical current damage occurred during heating treatment. The results of ohmic heated starch's external structure, X-ray diffraction, DSC analysis and RVA were differed from those of conventional heating at the same temperature. Several starches changed more rigid by structure re-aggregation. This change in starch was caused by change of physical, chemical, rheological property. The rheology of ohmic heated potato and corn starch of different heated methods were compared with chemically modified starch. After gelatinization, sample starch suspension (2%, 3%) measured flow curves by rheometer. Cross-linked chemically modified starch's shear stress was decreased with degree of substitution reversibly. Ohmic heated more dramatic, at $60^{\circ}C$. Potato starch's shear stress was less than commercial high cross-linked modified starch. Flow curves of potato starches measured at $4^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$. Showed that Ohmic heated potato starch's shear stress ranging between $4^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ was narrower than modified starch. According to this study, ohmic heated potato starch can be used by decreasing viscosity agent like cross-linked modified starch.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.787-793
• /
• 1998

품종별 강낭콩 전분의 성질에서 전분입자는 타원형으로 표면은 매끄러웠고 품종에 따른 차이는 보이지 않았다. 아밀로그램의 호화개시 온도는 농도$(7{\sim}9%)$가 증가함에 따라 높아졌고, 최고 점도는 나타나지 않았으며, $92.5^{\circ}C$에서의 점도 대수값과 농도는 모두 직선적인 관계를 보였다. 물결합 능력은 $94.7{\sim}102.0%$, $70{\sim}90^{\circ}C$에서의 팽윤력과 용해도는 각각 $3.79{\sim}12.21%$와 $1.84{\sim}17.38%$, 아밀로오스 함량은 $31.1{\sim}32.8%$, Blue value는 $0.64{\sim}0.66%$, 비교점도는 $2.27{\sim}2.61{\;}mlg^{-1}$였고, $50{\sim}95^{\circ}C로 가열시 광투과도는 온도가 높아짐에 따라 증가하는 호화패턴으로 강낭콩 품종간에 차이를 보였다. 시차주사 열량기에 의한 호화양상에서 호화개시온도와 호화정점은 분홍색종과 적색종은 비슷하였으나 백색종이 차이를 보였고, 호화엔탈피는 $1.9{\sim}3.5{\;}cal/g$으로 분홍색종>적색종>백색종의 순으로 품종간에 차이를 보였다.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.14-21
• /
• 2013

연안 및 하구지역은 퇴적물의 침식, 부유, 이동이 활발하게 이루어지며, 이로 인해 유성머드와 같은 고농도의 부유퇴적물 환경이 조성된다. 유성머드는 주로 실트, 점토와 같이 매주 작은 입자들로 이루어져 있는 10 g/l 이상의 고농도 환경으로써, 유성머드의 분포 및 특성 파악을 위해 초음파와 같이 분해능이 우수한 높은 주파수 특성을 이용한 연구가 필요하다. 음파가 부유퇴적물에 의해 산란될 때, 부유퇴적물의 농도가 높아질수록 후방산란강도의 세기가 증가하지만, 점성 및 산란에 의한 감쇠도 함께 증가하기 때문에 농도에 따른 올바른 감쇠계수 보상이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 5 MHz 주파수 특성을 바탕으로 간이 수조에서 농도에 따른 가상의 유성머드 환경을 조성한 뒤, 후방산란강도를 측정하였다. 또한 Richards의 감쇠계수 모델을 이용하여 부유물의 특성 및 농도에 따른 감쇠계수를 계산하였고, 이를 후방산란강도를 계산하는 소나방정식에 적용하여 부유물 농도에 따른 후방산란강도를 예측하였다. 그 결과 부유물에 의한 감쇠를 보상하지 않았을 경우 부유물 농도 증가에 따라 후방산란강도 값이 함께 증가하는 경향을 보이다가 일정 농도(20 g/l) 이후부터는 부유물의 농도가 증가하여도 후방산란강도가 더 이상 증가하지 않았다. 반면, 농도에 따른 감쇠계수를 보상해 주었을 경우는 부유물 농도 증가에 따라 후방산란강도가 연속적으로 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 고농도의 부유퇴적물 환경에서 음파에 의한 산란강도를 정확히 예측하기 위해서는 부유물 농도에 따른 감쇠효과 고려가 필요함을 보여준다.