• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.13-23
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• 2003

Organic carbon and nitrogen contents in suspended particulate matter (SPM) and surface sediments in seawater were measured in the Northern East China Sea in summer. The distribution of particulate organic carbon(POC) and particulate organic nitrogen(PON) were in the ranges of 54~481㎍/ℓ and 6~85㎍/ℓ, respectively, with relatively high level of concentrations in the western and southern sides of the study area. Also, there has been a significantly positive correlation between POC and PON, gradually increasing toward the deeper range of depth. Average C:N ratios of POC and PON of SPM were 6 in study area. The ratios of POC to PON of SPM increased as the range of depth increased, indicating nitrogen decomposes more rapidly than carbon and is considered to be influenced by the input of detritus from surface sediments. The distribution of total organic matter(TOM), total organic carbon(TOC) and total organic nitrogen(TON) in surface sediments were in the ranges of 3.1~9.6%, 0.282~0.635% and 0.022~0.069%, respectively, with relatively low range in the western and northern sides of the study area. The ratio of TOC to TON of surface sediments were in the range of 9.8~17.4(average of 13), strongly indicating the active role of the input from the terrestrial organic pollutants.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 1994

In order to investigate the regional level of air pollutants at Kangwha island situated on the western coast in Korea, the suspended particulate matter samples were collected by using the low volume air sampler on ten interval from March 1992 to February 1993 and the mass concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and the chemical composition of water-soluble major ionic components in SPM samples were measured. During the sampling period, the average concentration of SPM under diameter 10 $\mu$m was found to be 48 $\mu$g/m$^3$ (+ 12). The seasonal concentration of SPM was showed in order of spring>fall>winter>summer. It was considered that higher concentration on spring than other season was affected by the long-range transport of Yellow sand particulate from China continent and lower concentration on summer by the washout and rainout effect of large rainfall. The content of water-soluble component in SPM samples was founded to be about 31% (14.69 $\mu$g/m$^3$) and 65% was unknown or unanalyzed. The content of cationic component showed in order of NH$_4^+$ (44.6%)>Na$^+$ (21.2%)>K$^+$ (14.7%)>Ca$^{2+}$ (13.6%)>Mg$^{2+}$ (5.9 %) and the content of anionic component SO$_4^{2-}$ (62.5%)>NO$_3^-$ (22.3%)>Cl$^-$ (15.2%), respectively. This fact indicates that ammonium and sulfate ion of water-soluble component in SPM sample were dominant in this region. From the chemical composition of water-soluble component, the most of Na$^+$, Mg$^{2+}$ and Cl$^-$ were originated from seawater source but K$^+$, Ca$^{2+}$ and SO$_4^{2-}$ were originated from other non-marine source. The contribution of seasalt to the composition of precipitation was 23%.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.4265-4271
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• 2022

Determination of ¹³⁷Cs, ⁴⁰K and ²¹⁰Po in water, bottom sediments and suspended matter of river systems of the Can Gio Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam was carried out. The average activity concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in waters of Ca Gau and Long Tau was 0.89 ± 0.14 and 1.08 ± 0.15 Bq m^-3 and was comparable to the levels of this radioisotope in waters of the East Sea. The activity concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in bottom sediments was 2.23 ± 0.81 and 3.63 ± 1.24 Bq kg^-1. The activity concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in water and bottom sediments could be characterized as low. So, the water areas of the Ca Gau and Long Tau rivers could be attributed to areas with insignificant pollution by technogenic radionuclides. The ²¹⁰Po activity concentration in bottom sediments of the Ca Gau and Long Tau rivers ranged from 9.2 ± 1.2 to 25.5 ± 2.1 Bq kg^-1, which is typical for river bottom sediments. Such values indicate the absence of anthropogenic enhancement of the entry of this radionuclide into the Can Gio river systems. The ⁴⁰K activity concentration varied within 467 ± 42-651 ± 39 Bq kg^-1 and represented typical values of potassium content in the bottom sediments of coastal water bodies, subject to a significant influence of the lithogenic component of suspended matter.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2012

In situ particle size spectra are obtained from two sequent cruises in order to evaluate the physical consequences of suspended particulate matters caused by episodic storm runoff from the Santa Ana River watershed, an urbanized coastal watershed. Suspended particles from various sources including surface runoff, near-bed resuspension, and phytoplankton are identified in empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and an entropy-based parameterization (Shannon entropy). The first EOF mode is associated with high turbidity and fine particles as indicated by the elevated beam attenuation near the Santa Ana River and Newport Bay outlets, and the second EOF mode explains the suspended sediment dispersal and particle coarsening at the near-surface plume. Chlorophyll particles are also distinguished by negative magnitudes of the first EOF mode, which is supported by the relationship between fluorescence and beam attenuation. The integrated observation between the first EOF mode and the Shannon entropy index accentuates the characteristics of two different structures and/or sources of sediment particles; the near-surface plumes are originated from runoff water outflow, while the near-bottom particles are resuspended due to increased wave heights or mobilizing bottom turbidity currents. In a coastal pollution context, these methods may offer useful means of characterizing particle-associated pollutants for purposes of source tracking and environmental interpretation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.153-170
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• 1996

Photosynthetic pigments and their degradation products in suspended and sinking particles collected from the Gulf of Mexico waters 1987~88, were measured using High Performance liquid Chromatography (HPIC). The short term variations in flux rates of chlorophylls and carotenoids as well as-their degradation products were compared at the mesoscale cyclonic and anticyclonic circulation features (cold joie rink and warm core ring). Chlorophyll a was the predominant porphyrin of suspended particulate matter at both CCR -and WCR. Among carotenoid pigments, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, which is a biomarker of prymnesiophytes, was dominant pigment at both rinds. Phaeophorbide a, which is produced through the Brazing processes of grazers, was the predominant degraded pigment in sinking particles ai the study aiea. Total pigment flux in CCR was an order of magnitude higher than that in WCR. Less than l% of the standing stock of the pigments measured sank out of the upper 200m of the WCR on any given day. Thus, suspended particulate matter in Gulf of Medico was not recycled rapidly.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.511-516
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• 2004

As a preliminary study on the sediment flux, concentrations of suspended particulate matter and current speeds were measured at three inlets of Gwangyang Bay during one tidal cycle of a spring tide of March 2003. The suspended sediment flux rate $(g/m^{2}/s)$ at the mouth of Seomjin River (St. K1) was observed to be higher throughout surface layer during ebb tide $(14.3\;g/m^{2}/s)$ and throughout near-bottom layer during the flood tide $(23.2\;g/m^{2}/s),$ resulting in a net upstream-ward transport of$0.9{\times}10^{3}kg/m$ during 13 period. At the inlet toward Yeosu Bay (St. K2), a relatively low rate ($(5.0-6.7\;g/m^{2}/s)$ of sediment flux occurred throughout the water column compared to St. K1, with a depth-integrated net transport of $5.6{\times}10^{3}kg/m$ toward the outer reaches of Gwangyang Bay inlet. At St. K3 located at Gwangyang Bay-side of Noryang Strait, the outward flux toward the Jinju Bay was observed to be dominant during the flood tide $(16.2-23.2\;g/m^{2}/s)$, especially through the mid and near bottom layer, compared to the inward flux throughout the whole water column during the ebb tide $(13.1-19.7\;g/m^{2}/s).$ The net transport at St. K3 was calculated to be $4.0{\times}10^{3}kg/m$ toward the outside of Gwangyang Bay. The outward net transport of suspended sediment at all three inlets seems to be consistent with a trend of bottom sediment texture, which suggests a net movement of sediment from a relatively coarse and poorly sorted inner-bay toward a relatively fine and better sorted outer-bay environment.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2023

The reservoir tank in an apartment is crucial for maintaining the quality of drinking water after it has undergone treatment. Investigating the water quality and potential contaminants in the reservoir tank is essential to ensure the safety of the drinking water. This study examined the water quality and precipitated suspended solids that accumulate at the bottom of the reservoir tanks in four apartments located in Gyeonggi province. As a result of the water quality investigation, turbidity increased proportionally to the distance from the water treatment plant (WTP) to the household. Heavy metals were also detected in the reservoir tank inlet but not in the water supplied from the WTP. The precipitated suspended solids (SS) in the reservoir tank contain high levels of heavy metals and total organic carbon (TOC). The precipitated SS mainly consists of Al, Mn, and Fe, which are expected to be a combination with turbidity-inducing substances. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the presence of γ-FeO(OH), MnO₂, and β-Fe₂O₃ in the SS. Additionally, F-EEM analysis indicates that the dissolved organic matter in the SS is mainly derived from a natural water source and microorganism activities, including metal-oxidizing bacteria and biofilms that can absorb metal ions. Based on these findings, several countermeasures can be taken to prevent the inflow of SS into the household, including regularly cleaning the reservoir tank, replacing or cleaning old pipes in the water supply system, and implementing monitoring and filtering systems to manage the SS.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 1983

To investigate the an air pollution by particulate matter and its dispersion, a cement plant produceing portland cement 600,000 ton/year and its vicinity were surveyed from Obtober, 1980 to April, 1983. The survey was mainly focused on main stack emmission rate of the cement plant and particle size distribution in the dust, dustfall and total suspended particulate concentration in the area by month and distance from the stack. The results of the study were as follows; 1. The main stack emission rate was surveyed before and after the spray tower was additionally installed to the original E.P bag filter. Before the spray tower installed, the main stack emission rate was higher ($0.64g/Nm^3$) than the emission standard of Korean Environmental Preservation Law's ($0.59g/Nm^3$, amended to $0.4g/Nm^3$ on April 1983), but after the spray tower was installed, its main stack emission rate was markedly decreased to the standard ($0.43g/Nm^3$). 2. $2{\sim}3{\mu}m$ of the particle size was the largest portion (20.8%) of the dust particulate from the main stack and 50% of the frequency distribution was $1.5{\mu}m$ of the size. Most particle size was below $10{\mu}m$. 3. The spray tower reduced the dustfall to $37.81{\sim}9.76\;ton/km^2/month$ while dustfall appeared at $45.29-15.45ton/km^2/month$, in the vicinity of plant before spray tower installed 4. Mean concentrations of total suspended particulate for 24 hours of the various stations were determined in $20.6-200.0{\mu}g/m^3$, 3 stations of tham were higher than the value of Harry and William's arthmetic average standard $130{\mu}g/m^3$. 5. Linear regression between dustfall [X] and total suspended particulate[Y] concentration was an equation, Y=4.024X+11.479.[r=0.91] 6. During the whole seasons in the opposite area 100m apart from the omission source the prevailing wind direction was with estimated more than $30ton/km^2/month$, and the concentration of total suspended particulate for 24 hours averaging time was more than $140{\mu}g/m^3$ in the same area and direction. 7. Assuming the wind direction were constant through the day dustfalls for a day were estimated at $13.40ton/km^2/day,\;10.79ton/km^2/day$ and $4.55ton/km^2/day$ at various distances of 100m, 500m and 1,500m from the emission source respectively. 8. In the simutalion of dustfall and suspended dust by area, Gaussian dispersion model modified by size distribution of particulate matter was not applicated since the emission of dust were from multi sources other them stack. From the above results, it could be applied that the dispersion of dust from the cement plant is estimated and regulated for the purpose of environmental protection.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2009

In order to understand the impacts of the construction of artificial sea dikes on carbon cycle in Samangeum area being a closed environment after April, 2006, we had measured suspended particulate matters, particulate and dissolved organic carbon in the surface water of inner Saemangeum dike from 2003 to 2006. The significant inputs of suspended particulate matter and organic carbon were mainly occurred during the wet season which suggests that most organic matter loading is concentrated within a short period of time inside the dike. The concentrations of particulate matter and organic carbon have gradually increasing every year inside of dike from the Mangyeong river estuary to Saemangeum dike, which has been closed since 2003 after the construction of the 4th dike. The particulate organic carbon increased due to the phytoplankton blooms by eutrophication. If the large portion of particulate organic matter produced in the surface water sink to the bottom sediment, this will cause the anoxic condition in this closed environment.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.493-496
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• 2007

The influences of contact time and ratio of food to microorganism (F/M) on uptake of wastewater organic matter in a short contact process were investigated using three activated sludge batch reactors fed with synthetic wastewater, sewage and livestock wastewater. About 64% of influent soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) in the synthetic wastewater and 61% of SCOD in the sewage and 43% of SCOD in the diluted livestock wastewater were adsorbed into the activated sludge within 30 min. The specific mass of organic matter uptaken in the synthetic wastewater was 55 mg SCOD/g mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS). In the same manner, 20 and 14 mg SCOD/g MLSS were calculated as the values in the sewage and livestock wastewater, respectively.