• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.301-307
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• 1987

A total of 42 strains of Candida albicans were examined for susceptibility to three antifungal agents, amphotericin B(AMB), 5-fluorocytosine(5-FC), and ketoconazole(KTZ), using defined medium, synthetic amino acid medium-fungal(SAAM-F), supplemented yeast nitrogen base(SYNB) and undefined medium Sabouraud's dextrose broth(SDB) and Kimmig broth media. A tube dilution method was used with minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) determined after incubation for 24 hour and 48 hours. All testes were performed in duplicate. In general, MICs were more reproducible after 48 hour of incubation. Forthermore, MICs determined after incubation for 48 hours were significantly higher than those determined after 24 hours. The actural MICs obtained with the different antifungal agents were clearly influenced by the test medium used. The rank order of AMB MICs according to the test medium was as follows: SAAM-F>SYNB>SDB>Kimmig broth. With 5-FC, the following pattern was observed: SYNB>SAAM-F>SDB>Kimmig borth. For ketoconazole, the MICs according to the test medium was SAAM-F>SDB>SYNB> Kimmig broth. In amphotericin B, the MICs mean value with the test medium was as follows: SDB, 0.24 mcg/ml; Kimmig broth, 0.29 mcg/ml; SYNB, 0.21 mcg/ml and SAAM-F, 0.15mcg/ml. The actural value of 5-FC was; SDB, 37.20 mcg/ml; Kimmig broth, 67.41mcg/ml; SYNB, 21.29 mcg/ml and SAAM-F, 24.61 mcg/ml and in ketoconazole, the MICs value was; SDB, 1.83 mcg/ml; Kimmig broth, 4.08 mcg/ml; SYNB, 1.95 mcg/ml and SAAM-F, 1.41 mcg/ml. The results of this investigation suggested that broth dilution susceptibility testing of yeast and yeast-like fungi are best performed with an incubation period of 48 hours. Furthermore, medium composition can significantly influence the results of such testing.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.587-593
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• 2021

Infertility is a key issue affecting mood and behavior in men. Microorganisms are one of the primary etiological agents that may be associated with infertility. The objective of the present study was to identify bacterial causative agents from the semen of infertile subjects and determine the effect of bacterial infection on sperm quality, as well as determine the susceptibility of these bacteria to drugs. Forty semen samples from 30 infertile patients and 10 fertile individuals were collected. The pH, volume, motility, and concentration of semen were analyzed. The samples were processed and identified by biochemical testing using API identification kits. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined using the disc diffusion method. Abnormal sperm quality was observed. The mean age of the individual and their sperm morphology, concentration, progressive motility, pH level, and pus cell content were 31.9 years, 2.7%, 10.4 million/ml, 27.3%, 8.3, and 5.7, respectively. Among the tested samples, oligoasthenozoospermia was found to show the highest occurrence, at 27/30 samples, followed by teratozoospermia, at 25/30 samples, and asthenozoospermia, at 22/30 samples. Of the tested infertile patients' sperm, 19, 6, and 5 isolates were identified as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. The results also revealed multi-drug resistance in the bacteria. Compared to that shown by the other tested antibiotics, amikacin showed higher activity against all isolated bacteria. However, the bacteria exhibited maximum resistance against gentamicin, cefotaxime, levofloxacin, and ampicillin. In conclusion, leukocytospermia and bacterial infections are possibly responsible for sperm abnormalities. Multi-drug resistant bacteria were detected. Gentamicin, cefotaxime, levofloxacin and ampicillin were shown the highest resistance, while amikacin was the most effective antimicrobial agent against the isolated bacteria.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.532-549
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• 2017

본 연구는 유명인을 이용한 제품의 애칭이 소비자 반응에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 동시에, 제품 애칭화 현상을 브랜드 아이덴티티의 창출 주체로 구분하여 그에 따른 영향력의 차이를 알아보았다. 이를 위해 3(비애칭화/기업 의도에 의한 애칭화/구전에 의한 애칭화)x2(쾌락적 제품/실용적 제품)의 요인 설계를 하였다. 연구결과 애칭화 유형이 지각된 가치에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤으며, 지각된 가치는 애칭화 유형이 브랜드 태도와 구매의도에 미치는 영향 사이에서 완전매개의 역할을 하는 것을 확인 하였다. 나아가 소비자의 심리적 기제인 정보적 대인 민감성 수준에 따른 조절효과를 발견하였다. 본 연구는 소비자 스스로 브랜드 아이덴티티를 창출하는 현상을 포함하였고, 가치 지각의 차원에서 유명인 보증인 효과를 살펴보았다는 데 의의가 있다. 또한 소비자들의 심리적 기제에 따른 마케팅 효과까지도 검증해 냄으로 인해 향후 애칭마케팅이 나아가야할 방향을 제시한 의미 있는 연구라고 할 수 있다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2007

[ $bcc-Th_3P_4$ ] 구조를 가지고 있는 단결정 $Nd_3Se_4$를 성장 시킨 후 $4{\sim}300\;K$ 사이의 온도 영역에서 자기감수율을 측정했다. 측정된 자기기감수율을 축퇴된 $Nd^{3+}$ 기저상태가 결정장의 영향을 받아 발생하는 에너지 갈라짐에 의한 이론적인 자기감수율값과 비교했다. 분석 결과 $Nd_3Se_4$ 결정체 안에 있는 $Nd^{3+}$ 이온의 경우에는 결정장에 의한 영향이 거의 없음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 $T_c$가 53 K인 $Nd_3Se_4$의 자발자기화의 온도에 따른 곡선이 J=9/2에 해당하는 Brillouin function과 일치함을 확인했다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.327-339
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• 2019

점박이응애와 포식성 천적인 칠레이리응애의 주엽, 차나무, 계피, 란타나 등의 추출물과 이들의 혼합액들에 대한 감수성의 차이를 검정하였다. 실험 식물추출물들은 모두 점박이응애보다 칠레이리응애에 대해 저독성을 나타냈으며, 칠레이리응애 암컷 성충의 산란수와 산란된 난들의 부화에 큰 영향이 없었다. 실험 식물추출물들의 처리에서 칠레이리응애 난들은 84~100%의 높은 부화율을 보였다. 반면에 점박이응애에 대한 혼합액 3, 1 등의 처리는 7일 후에 각각 76.0%와 72.7%의 살성충 효과를 나타내었으며, 혼합액 2의 처리에서는 63.3%의 살성충 효과를 보였으나 단독 처리에서는 혼합 처리보다 낮은 살성충 효과를 보였다. 혼합액 3, 1 등의 처리에서 점박이응애 암컷 성충의 산란수는 무처리 대비 29.5~31.3%에 그쳤다. 실험 식물추출물들은 점박이응애 난에 대한 주목할 만한 살란 효과가 없었다. 이와 같은 실험결과들로 보아 혼합액 3, 1 등은 점박이응애의 방제제로 사용 가능성이 있으며, 점박이응애의 종합관리체계에서 칠레이리응애와 함께 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.61-74
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• 1983

The proportion of people who contacted pulmonary T.B. in Korea has drastically decreased as a result of the incessant effort of the Korean government which adopted a policy of“drive out T.B.”as its foremost health policy. However, the proportion still remains relatively high com-pared with that of developed countries. This study attempts to find some means for guiding and educating college students who have T.B. in their health care by (1) first determining the effect if their self-concept and health beliefs on their behavior in regard to their disease and (2) then predicting the level of compliance of the new patients to the treatment suggested by the health specialist, before the commencement of the treatment. The subjects of this study consisted of 88 mald and female students at Y University who were diagnosed as minimal pulmonary T.B. patients and registered at the health clinic of Y University during the period between September 1, 1981 and March 31, 1953. Data were collected from them by means of questionnaire and interview. The instruments used for this study were (1) a part of Junghoon Choi's“Perceptual Orientation ,Scale”for measuring self-perception of patients and (2) Rosenberg's questionnaire for measuring patients' evaluation of self-esteem, and (3) an instrument for measuring patients' health beliefs which was developed by this researcher utilizing information available from references. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chisquare test, Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test. The findings were as follows: 3. Test of hypotheses 1) Hypothesis 1: Patients with high self-concept will be high in health beliefs. For testing this hypothesis a calculation of Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between the patients' self-concept and their health beliefs was carried out. The result of this test was -. 0756 which was not significant at α=.05 and hence hypothesis 1 was not supported. 2) Hypothesis 2: Patients with a high self-concept will tend to be high in compliance with the suggested treatment. Again a Pearson correlaton coefficient was calculated between the two variaibles in the hypothesis. The calculated coefficient r was .1558 which was not significant at α=.05. Hence hypothesis 2 was rejected. 3) Hypothesis 3: Patients with high susceptibility will have a high compliance level. The correlation coefficient between the two variables was -.1975, which was significant at α=.05 but due to the negative sign hypothesis 3 could not be accepted. 4) Hypothesis 4: Patients who take their disease seriously will have a higher compliance level. The calculated correlation coefficient between the variables in this hypothesis was .1642 which was not significant at α=.05 and hence hypothesis 4 was rejected. 5) Hypothesis 5: Patients with a high sense of the benefit of treatment will have a high level of compliance. The computed correlation coefficient was .3129 which was significant at α=.05 and hence hypothesis 5 was acepted. 2. Findings from the correlation analysis were as follows: 1) Patients' susceptibility and their compliance to treatment was negatively correlated (r= -. 1975) which was significant at α= .05. This implies that as the patients' level of susceptibility increases their compliance level decreases. 2) Patients' susceptibility and their self-concept were negatively correlated (r= -. 1790) which was again singnificant at α=.05. The implication of this is that as the patients’self concept increases their susceptibility to disease decreases. 3) Patients' self-concept and their sense of benefit derieved from the treatment was positively correlated (r=.1970) which was significant at α=.05. That is, patients with a high self-concept perceived a great sense of benefit from the treatment. To summarize, patients who are low in susceptibility have a high level of compliance and self-concept.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.475-486
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• 2000

The purpose of this research were to identify the differences in clothing behaviors and psychological characteristics ill relation to age and residence and to identify the relative effects of Korean female adolescent's psychological characteristics on the clothing behaviors. The instruments measuring 9 psychological characteristics-adolescent egocentrism, social and general self-efficacy, public and private self-consciousness, boredom susceptibility, optimal stimulation level, body attitudes-were adapted from previous studies. Clothing behavior measurements were developed based on the pilot study results or adapted from previous studies. The data. collected from 2284 nationwide sample of Korean female adolescents(early, middle, late) was analyzed by frequency, two-way ANOVA, and LISREL confirmatory factor analysis. Clothing behavior were factor analyzed and 6 factors were identified: dressing for others. conformity to peers, clothing interest, self-expression, psychological dependence and clothing exhibition. Effects of age were dominant in 6 out of 9 psychological characteristics and five clothing behavior factors except conformity to peers. Dominant main effect of residence was found oかy in boredom susceptibility. From the results of LISREL, adolescent egocentrism, public self-consciousness and sensation seeking tendency were found to be the most influential psychological characteristics of female adolescents'clothing behaviors.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.583-593
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• 2018

자연 대기에서 발생하는 낙뢰는 항공기에 용융, 소손 및 아크 등의 물리적인 손상을 발생시킬 뿐만 아니라, 낙뢰의 관통 과정에서 발생하는 기체 외부의 자기장은 기체 내부의 전자장비 및 배선에 전압 및 전류 과도현상을 발생시킨다. 이러한 효과는 항공기 내부의 항공전자시스템에 유도낙뢰를 발생시켜 안전한 비행을 불가능하게 한다. 본 논문에서는 표준감항인증 요구도를 만족하는 보호회로 설계 기법과 공인인증된 시험 결과를 소개하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.755-763
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• 2017

In this study, the susceptibility of different symmetric steel buildings with dual frame system to Progressive Collapse (PC) was assessed. Some ten-story dual frame systems with different type of braced frames (concentrically and eccentrically braced frames) were considered. In addition, numbers and locations of braced bays were investigated (two and three braced bays in exterior frames) to quantitatively find out its effect on PC resistance. An Alternate Path Method (APM) with a linear static analysis was carried out based on General Services Administration (GSA 2003) guidelines. Maximum Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR) for the elements (beams and columns) with highest DCRs ($DCR_{moment}$ and $DCR_{shear}$) is given in tables. The results showed that the three braced bays with concentric braced frames especially X-braced and inverted V-braced frame systems had a lower susceptibility and greater resistance to PC. Also, the results represented that the beams were more critical than columns against PC after the removal of column.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.287-290
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• 2014

Objective: Genetic variation is considered to strongly impact on detoxification of carcinogens and therefore is related to cancer risk. However, findings for the null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 have not always been consistent. Therefore the present meta-analysis was conducted. Methods: We accessed the reported study at different research areas and used various databases, including PubMed and Wanfang Med Onlion from 1990 to May 1st 2013. We calculated the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and P value for oral cancer by using Review Manager 5.1 and STATE 12. Results: We found that there was no increased oral cancer risk among subjects carrying GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype (OR=1.35, 95%CI=0.68-2.68, P=0.39) and (OR=1.41, 95%CI=0.72-2.77, P=0.31) in the Chinese population. In contrast, in studies in India a significant correlation between GSTM1 null genotype and oral cancer was observed (OR=1.59, 95%CI=1.20-2.11, P=0.001), but not in GSTT1 (OR=1.21, 95% CI=0.84-1.74, P=0.31). Conclusion: We discovered that GSTM1 deletion polymorphism had a significant effect on the susceptibility of oral cancer in the Indian population.