• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.171-182
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• 1989

The structure, clonal grwoth, shoot modules dynamics and rhizome respiratory rate of the Phragmites longivalvis circular patch were studied in a 15-year-old reclaimed land on Mado of the western Korea for two growing seasons. Clonal growth by P. longivalvis resulted in subpopulations of shoot modules which may be separated into pioneer, mature and senile growth phase. The radial growth of circular patch was 208 cm per a year. The shoot phytomass, shoot height and spike frequency were the lowest in the senile phase, and were the highest in the mature phase. The maximum shoot phytomass of pioneer, mature and senile phase in August was 347, 536 and 195g/$\m^2$ for the first year, and 609, 748 and 248g/$\m^2$ for the second year, respectively. The birth rates of shoot modules were the highest during the early spring. Of all modules, the percemtage of spring cohort of pioneer, mature and senile growth phase were 52, 82 and 70% for the first year, and 83, 88 and 85% for the second year, respectively. The flowering shoots were only derived from spring cohorts. The death rates of shoot modules of the pioneer and mature phase were the highest in October. The module is an annual semelparous plant though the genet is a perennial iteroparous plant. Their survivorship curve was negatively (Deevey type I). The density of shoot modules of the pioneer, mature and senile growth phase increased as much as 4.0, 1.6 and 2.3 times for one year, respectively. The respiratory rate was the highest in the lowest in the senile growth phase.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.92-95
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• 2006

Purpose: Ankle fusion that is operated on severe ankle arthritis has its weakness in that normal walking is impossible, even though the result is pretty good. As a alternative choice, total ankle replacement pursues the longer survivorship with material improvement. However, it is not yet known how much range of motion is possible after the replacement, or how it has changed overtime. Therefore, we need an analyzation for that. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of sixty-seven patients undergoing STAR total ankle replacement at our institution between 1998 and 2002 was conducted. Of those, twenty-six (39%) had complete sets of full dorsiflexion and plantar flexion lateral radiographs both between "immediate" postop and at a minimum of 2-years follow-up and no revision procedure during that time. The mean age of these patients was 63.2 years when the surgery was done; the etiology of arthrosis was 21(81%) post-traumatic/degenerative, 4 rheumatoid and 1 psoriatic. Results: Average "immediate" ankle range of motion was $15.9^{\circ}$, and total foot (non-ankle) motion was $20.6^{\circ}$. At one, two, and three years the average ankle and total foot ranges of motion were $17.4^{\circ}$, $17.6^{\circ}$, $15.6^{\circ}$ and $21.0^{\circ}$, $22.0^{\circ}$, $21.2^{\circ}$ respectively. Statistically there was no significant difference between "immediate" postop motion and one to three years postop (all p>0.05). Conclusion: The range of motion after the STAR total ankle replacement is maintained from the "immediate" postoperative range of motion, but not increased, in the 1-3 year post replacement period.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.991-994
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• 2003

원발성 폐평활근육종(primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma)은 드문 질환으로 전형적인 X-ray소견이나 증상을 보이지 않는다. 치료는 외과적 절제술이 가장 일반적이며 예후는 병소의 크기, 분화도, 전이 등과 관계되는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 25세 여자 환자가 한 달 전부터의 흉부동통과 기침을 주소로 내원하였다. 내원 후 시행한 흉부 X-ray상 좌상엽에 폐결절 소견을 보여 경피적 세침흡입검사를 시행하였다. 검사 결과 방추세포종괴(spindle cell tumor) 소견을 보였고, 좌상엽절제술을 시행 받았다. 수술 후 시행한 조직학적 검사상 기관지에서 기원한 평활근육종으로 나타났으며, 환자는 현재 5년째 특별한 합병증이나 재발 없이 외래에서 추적 중이기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제39권3호통권117호
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• pp.413-417
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• 2006

한국의 산간계류에 흔히 서식하는 단각류인 보통옆새우의 실내 사육에 필수적 환경요인인 배양액과 온도조건에 대한 실험실내 실험을 실시하였다. 실험에 이용한 보통옆새우는 2003년 12월 경기도 가평천의 옆에 위치한 한 작은 샘의 유출부로부터 채집하여 사용하였다. 보통옆새우의 생존율은 사육 배양액 (증류수, 수돗물, 깔따구 배양액 및 하천수)과 사육 온도(10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$)에 대한 영향으로 평가하였다. 그 결과로서, 보통옆새우는 수돗물, 하천수, 깔따구 배양액, 증류수의 순으로 그리고 10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$의 순으로 높은 생존율을 나타냈다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2005

안산 공단지대에 식재되어 있는 잣나무와 리기다소나무의 생장 저하의 실태와 그 원인을 구명하기 위하여 생장 및 생리학적 반응을 중심으로 대조구와 비교 고찰하였다. 피해구에 식재 되어 있는 두 수종의 침엽 내 Mn, F 그리고 Cl의 농도는 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 높았으며, 2년생 3년생으로 갈수록 급격히 그 농도가 증가하였다. 또한 필수 영양 원소인 P와 클로로필 함량은 피해구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 또한 침엽의 연령이 증가함에 따라 급격히 감소하였음을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 피해구에 식재되어 있는 두 수종의 최대 광합성률, 양자수율$(\Phi)$, 카르복실레이션효율(CE)등의 광합성 능은 대조구에 비하여 현저히 감소하였다. 이상과 같이 독성 원소의 축적 및 필수 영양 원소의 부족 등 환경 스트레스에 의한 수목 생리활동의 저하가 수목 생장 저하의 직접적인 원인으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.449-455
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• 1991

The water striders, gerris paludum insularis larvae which were fed with the drosophila melanogaster cultured on the appli diet and artificial diet, were reared in the growth cabinet controlled as the two constant temperature regimes of 25 c and 30 c under the condition of photoperiod 16l : 8d, light intensity 510 240 lux, relative humidity 65 3%, and in the natural state. The effects of temperature and diet on the devolopment of g. paludum insularis were analyzed and the results were summarized as follows. 1. The total developmental period of the water strider larvae fed with the d. melanogaster reared on the apple diet at the natural stste was the longest 40 days, and the total devopmental periods at 25 c and 30 c were 35 days and 27 days respectively. The tolal developmental period of larvae fed with d. melanogaster reared on the artifical diet at 25 c was the longest 42 dats, and the total developmental periods at natural stste and 30 c were 32 days and 27 days, respectively. 2. In the larval developmental stages, the fifth stage was longer than that of any stage. The duration of egg stage which was not influenced by diet at 25 c was the longest. 3. The water strider larvae fed which the d. melanogaster reared on the artificial diet at 25 c did not complete their devolopment. 4. No significant difference was odserved in the developmentperiod for diet at 30 c. but, there were significant differences in developmental periods for diet at 25 c and natural state. 5. The rate of adult emergence on the apple diet was higher than that of the artificial diet was higher than of the artificial diet. 6. The shapes of the survivorship curve were convex-curve. 7. The development periods of the larval stages of water striders might be affected to temperature and diet dependently.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2012

Purpose: This micro-ethnographic study aimed to understand coping experiences of Korean-American (K-A) women after diagnosis with breast cancer due to a hereditary gene mutation. Methods: Participatory observation and in-depth interviews were performed at one breast cancer screening center in Southern California, in 2005 with eleven first generation K-A immigrant women. All transcribed interviews and field notes were analyzed using ethnographic methodology. Results: K-A women's experience varied based on acculturation risk factors including: limited English speaking ability; disrupted family relationships, individualistic family values, or intergenerational communication barriers; lack of Korean speaking nurses; and Korean physicians' who lacked knowledge about hereditary breast cancer risk. These risk factors led to isolation, loneliness, lack of emotional and social support. In comparison to Korean homeland women in a similar medical situation, these K-A immigrants felt disconnected from the healthcare system, family support and social resources which increased their struggling and impeded coping during their survivorship journey. These women were not able to access self-support groups, nor the valuable resources of nurse navigator programs. Conclusion: Professional oncology associations for nurses and physicians have a moral obligation to support and promote knowledge of hereditary cancer risk and self-help groups for non-native speaking immigrants.

• Advances in biomechanics and applications
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.187-210
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• 2014

With the goal of increasing the survivorship of the prosthesis and anticipating primary stability problems of new prosthetic implants, finite element evaluation of the micromotion, at an early stage of the development, is mandatory. This allows assessing and optimizing different designs without manufacturing prostheses. This study aimed at investigating, using finite element analysis (FEA), the difference in the prediction of the primary stability of cementless hip prostheses implanted into a $Sawbones^{(R)}$ 4th generation, using the manufacturer's mechanical properties and using mechanical properties close to that of human bone provided by the literature (39 papers). FEA was carried out on the composite $Sawbones^{(R)}$ implanted with a straight taper femoral stem subjected to a loading condition simulating normal walking. Our results show that micromotion increases with a reduction of the bone material properties and decreases with the augmentation of the bone material properties at the stem-bone interface. Indeed, a decrease of the cancellous Young modulus from 155MPa to 50MPa increased the average micromotion from $29{\mu}m$ up to $41{\mu}m$ (+42%), whereas an increase of the cancellous Young modulus from 155MPa to 1000MPa decreased the average micromotion from $29{\mu}m$ to $5{\mu}m$ (-83%). A decrease of cortical Young modulus from 16.7GPa to 9GPa increase the average global micromotion from $29{\mu}m$ to $35{\mu}m$ (+33%), whereas an increase of the cortical Young modulus from 16.7GPa to 21GPa decreased the average global micromotion from $29{\mu}m$ to $27{\mu}m$ (-7%). It can also be seen that the material properties of the cancellous structure had a greater influence on the micromotion than the material properties of the cortical structure. The present study shows that micromotion predicted at the stem-bone interface with material properties of the $Sawbones^{(R)}$ 4th generation is close to that predicted with mechanical properties of human femur.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2001

From an ecological point of view, the western part of the Atlantic sector is one of the most productive areas in the Southern Ocean. Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and krill-dependent predators such as fish, seals, and birds are abundant there, and most krill fisheries have operated in this area since 1970s. The hottest issues for the proper management of krill resources nowadays are to determine total biomass in this area, and to identify environmental forces controlling stock fluctuation. This paper reviews and collates information on ongoing oceanographic activities in the Antarctic Peninsula region concerning these issues. To delineate the status and function of Antarctic krill population in Antarctic marine ecosystems, multinational researches along the Antarctic Peninsula area have been developing recently. Four member states of CCAMLR (Japan, Russia, UK, and USA) had conducted acoustic surveys in January-February 2000 (socalled CCAMLR-2000 survey), and krill standing stock at 120 kHz was estimated to be 44.29 million metric tonnes in the western Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. On the other hand, the Southern Ocean GLOBEC (SO-GLOBEC) Programme has prepared a serial winter survey to examine the factors that govern krill survivorship and distribution in relation to shelf circulation processes. Ship-based surveys using ice-breakers are being conducted by three nations (Germany, UK, and USA) around the Marguerite Bay during the austral fall and winter 2001 and 2002. In addition to these two large-scale surveys, some CCAMLR members have carried out joint oceanographic surveys near the South Shetland Islands to detect ecosystem changes since 1994. Especially from December 1999 to February 2000, in conjunction with CCAMLR-2000 survey, four nations (Japan, Korea, Peru, and USA) conducted acoustic surveys to produce time-series information on krill distribution and biomass near the South Shetland areas. Though the aims of each program and the approach to solve the scientific questions were different each other, the results from each program fill the gaps between programs. Further cooperation and exchange in these activities could be beneficial to each program.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.261-265
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• 1985

한국의 동해 남부 해역에서 1983년 12월에서 1984년 11월까지 채집한 문치가자미를 대상으로 성장${\cdot}$성숙 연령${\cdot}$포란수 및 사망에 대해서 조사하였다. 연륜 형성시의 전장을 보면 암수 각각 $l_{1.2}$가 15.54cm 및 14.78cm, $l_{2.2}$가 20.42cm 및 18.63cm, $l_{3.2}$가 25.10cm 및 21.40cm이고, 암컷의 경우에만 $l_{4.2}$가 29.85cm, $l_{5.2}$가 33.90cm로서 암컷의 성장이 수컷보다 좋았다. 성숙은 암수 모두 만 2세가 되면 절반 이상이 성숙하였고, 성숙 전장은 암컷에서 19.5 cm, 수컷에서 16.5 cm이었다. 성숙란의 포란수는 2세군이 $121{\times}10^3$개, 3세군이 $206{\times}10^3$개, 4세군이 $319{\times}10^3$개, 5세군이 $429{\times}10^3$개이었다. 연간 생잔율은 암컷이 0.435, 수컷이 0.335로 암컷의 수명이 수컷보다 길다.