• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1285-1295
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• 1997

Background : EGFR is one of the initial step in signal transduction pathway about multistep carcinogenesis. It is homologous to oncogene erbB-2 and is the receptor for EGF and TGF alpha. EGFR has important role in the growth and differentiation of tumor cells. So, EGFR in non-small cell lung cancer was examined to search for possible evidence as clinical prognostic factor. Methods : To investigate the role of EGFR in lung cancer, the author performed immunohistochemical stain of EGFR on 57 resected primary non-small cell lung cancer specimens. And the author analyzed the correlation between EGFR expression, clinical parameters, Sand $G_1$ phase fraction and survival. Results : 1) EGFR were detected in 56% of total 57 patients (according to histologic type, squamous cancer 50%, adenocarcinoma 63%, large cell cancer 75%) (according to TNM stage, stage I 64%, stage II 38%, stage III 55%) (according to cellular differentiation, well 50%, moderately 52%, poorly 65%). All differences were insignificant 2) Using the flow cytometric analysis, mean S-phase fraction of EGFR (+) and (-) group were 22.3(${\pm}10.5$)%. 18.0(${\pm}10.9$)% (p>0.05), mean $G_1$-phase fraction of EGFR (+) and (-) group were 68.4(${\pm}11.6$)%, 71.1(${\pm}12.8$)%, (p>0.05) 3) Two-year survival rate of EGFR (+) and (-) group were 53%, 84%, median survival time of EGFR (+) and (-) group were 26, 53 months. (p<0.05, Kaplan-Meier, generalized Wilcox) Conclusion : EGFR immunostaining may be a simple and useful method for survival prediction in non-small cell lung cancer.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2000

Bioactivity growth and survival rte of yolk sac larvae in cultured black seabream (Acanthopogrus schlegeli) red seabream (Pagrus major) and olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) to 5 different concentration (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of water soluble fraction (WSF) of Kuwait crude oil were studied. The 75% and 100% of WSF concentration influenced negatively on the length growth of larvae in each species so the growth rates of total length in the concentration of WSF were significantly lower than those of control. The high concentration (50%, 75%, and 100%) of WSF influenced negatively not only on the swimming frequency and speed but also on the morphological abnormality of larvae. Red seabream larvae showed the highest rate of abnormality by WSF among the tested fishes. The fish larvae exposed during pre-and post-hatch (egg and larval stages) and during post-hatch (larval stage only) to the WSF were significantly influenced on their survival rate. The larvae of red seabream were more sensitive to WSF than those of black seabream and olive flounder. The survival rates of larvae exposed to higher concentration (50%, 75%, and 100%) of WSF were significantly lower than those of the control but those of the 25% group were not.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 1986

Using as assay for jejunal crypt stem cell survival, dose-response curves for the reproductive capacity of crypt stem cells of mouse jejunum exposed to multifractionated gamma-ray irradiation (single, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12, and 16 fractions) were analyzed and single-dose survival curve of these cells was constructed. The following conclusion were drawn: 1) Survival curves for higher numbers of dose fractions were displaced to higher dose, and characterized by increasingly shallower slopes. 2) The single-dose survival curve had broad shoulder, Dq=460 cGy, remaining near-exponential over initial dose range 0 to 300 cGy, with initial slope 1Do=474 cGy. 3) At fractionated dose En the range of 180 to 450 cGy, the average recovered dose per fraction interval was approximately $50\%$ of the dose per fraction. 4) The value of $\alpha/\beta$ ratio by using of linear regression analysis for the reciprocal dose plots was 8.3 Gy which lied in the range of 6-14 Gy for early-reacting tissues. 5) The linear-quadratic model for dose-response formula offers valid approximations for at 1 doses to be used in radiotherapy, only two parameters to be determined, and considerable convenience in practical applications.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2014

Ordinary survival analysis cannot be applied when a significant fraction of patients may be cured. A cure rate model is the combination of cure fraction and survival model and can be applied to several types of cancer. In this article, the cure rate model is considered in the interval censored data with a cluster effect. A shared frailty model is introduced to characterize the cluster effect and an EM algorithm is used to estimate parameters. A simulation study is done to evaluate the performance of estimates. The proposed approach is applied to the smoking cessation study in which the event of interest is a smoking relapse. Several covariates (including intensive care) are evaluated to be effective for both the occurrence of relapse and the smoke quitting duration.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 2011

Purpose: This study evaluated the treatment effectiveness and proper radiation dose of helical tomotherapy (HT) in spine oligometastases from gastrointestinal cancers. Materials and Methods: From 2006 to 2010, 20 gastrointestinal cancer patients were treated with HT for spine oligometastases (31 spine lesions). The gross tumor volume (GTV) was the tumor evident from magnetic resonance imaging images fused with simulation computed tomography images. Clinical target volume (CTV) encompassed involved vertebral bodies or dorsal elements. We assumed that the planning target volume was equal to the CTV. We assessed local control rate after HT for 31 spine metastases. Pain response was scored by using a numeric pain intensity scale (NPIS, from 0 to 10). Results: Spine metastatic lesions were treated with median dose of 40 Gy (range, 24 to 51 Gy) and median 5 Gy per fraction (range, 2.5 to 8 Gy) to GTV with median 8 fractions (range, 3 to 20 fraction). Median biologically equivalent dose (BED, ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ = 10 Gy) was 52 $Gy_{10}$ (range, 37.5 to 76.8 $Gy_{10}$) to GTV. Six month local control rate for spine metastasis was 90.3%. Overall infield failure rate was 15% and outfield failure rate was 75%. Most patients showed pain relief after HT (93.8%). Median local recurrence free survival was 3 months. BED over 57 $Gy_{10}$ and oligometastases were identified as prognostic factors associated with improved local progression free survival (p = 0.012, P = 0.041). Conclusion: HT was capable of delivering higher BED to metastatic lesions in close proximity of the spinal cord. Spine metastases from gastrointestinal tumors were sensitive to high dose radiation, and BED (${\alpha}/{\beta}$ = 10 Gy) higher than 57 $Gy_{10}$ could improve local control.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2001

Purpose : To assess the locoregional recurrence rate, survival rate and prognostic factors after modified radical mastectomy and postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy with or with chemotherapy in high-risk breast cancer patients. Methods : Between $1984\~1995$, 48 patients underwent postoperative irradiation to the regional lymphatics and chest wall due to large tumor size $(\geq5\;cm)$ or small tumor size (<5 cm) with axillary lymph node involvement after modified radical mastectomy. The median age of the patients was 47 years (range, $31\~79\;years$). The clinical tumor size was <2 cm in 1 patient, $2\~5\;cm$ in 15 patients, and >5 cm in 32 patients. Thirty two patients had positive axillary lymph nodes. Forty two patients were irradiated to the chest wall and regional lymph node and 6 patients were irradiated in the chest wall only. Radiation dose to the chest wall and regional lymph node was 5040 cGy/28 fraction. The median follow-up time was 61 months. Results : Locoregional recurrence rate was $8\%$ and distant metastatic rate was $14\%$. The actuarial overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate was $53\%\;and\;62\%$ at 5 years, respectively. The median survival time was 57 months. Five-year overall survival rate by the stage is $70\%$ in IIB and $58\%$ in IIA. The significant prognostic factor for survival on multivariate analysis was the stage. Conclusion : Postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy in high-risk breast cancer can reduce the locoregional recurrence rate and increase the survival time by combined chemotherapy. The significant prognostic factor for survival rate was the stage.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate clinical outcomes according to radiation dose in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Materials and Methods: From January 2006 to December 2015, 38 patients with LS-SCLC were treated with CCRT with etoposide and cisplatin. Total radiation doses ranged from 45 Gy to 66 Gy (1.8-2 Gy/fraction) and were classified into three groups: 45-54 Gy, 60-63 Gy, and 66 Gy. The impact of radiation dose on survival outcomes were evaluated. Toxicities were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03. Results: The median follow-up period was 21 months. The 2-year overall survival (OS) and local failure-free survival (LFFS) rates were 45.8% and 67.5%, respectively. The 2-year LFFS rates were 33.3% for 45-54 Gy group, 68.6% for 60-63 Gy group, and 87.1% for 66 Gy group (p = 0.014). In multivariate analysis, radiation dose was a significant factor for LFFS (p = 0.015). Although radiation dose was not a significant factor for OS and disease-free survival (DFS) in multivariate analysis, both OS and DFS of 66 Gy group tended to be better than that of 45-63 Gy group in univariate analysis. However, there were no differences in severe toxicities among three groups. Conclusion: Higher radiation dose achieved better local control in patients with LS-SCLC treated with CCRT. In addition, a total dose of 66 Gy tended to improve OS and DFS.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the general characteristics such as volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm abnormality on whole semen, RSP-S and RSP-T semen and fractional semen of small size dogs, and the effect of temperature and preservation time and cryoproservation on motility of whole and RSP-S and RSP- T semen. Multiple ejaculates were collected from small dogs by the digital manipulation of penis. 1. The volume per ejaculate semen, sperm of concentration and motility and abnormal sperm rate of 1st fractional semen were 0.65±0.09㎖, 4.52±0.35×10/sup 6/ cells/㎖, 15.64±3.85% and 5.50±0.62%. Also, 2nd fractional semen were 1.25±0.20㎖, 3.35±0.48×10/sup 6/cells/㎖, 96.25±4.65% and 4.24±0.46%. And 3rd fractional semen were 1.45±0.21㎖, 3.85±0.52×10/sup 6/cell/㎖, 92.82±4.24% and 4.66±0.58%, respectively. 2. The sperm of concentration and motility and abnormal sperm rates of whole, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were 5.45±0.82×10/sup 6/ cells/㎖, 95.55±4.65%, 4.58±0.45% and 4.82±0.36×10/sup 6/cells/㎖, 90.10±3.42%, 6.48±0.68% and 4.55±0.45× 10/sup 6/cells/㎖, 93.25±3.85%, 4.82±0.58%, respectively. 3. The motility of whole, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were higher at 4℃ than at 38℃. When preservation temperature was at 4℃, survival rates of RSP-S and RSP-T sperm were 97.54%-6.25% at 1-72 hrs, 97.40%-5.62% at 1-100 hrs, respectively. 4. The survival rates of slow and rapid frozen 2nd fraction, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were 67.3±4.45%, 88.8±4.46% and 46.4±3.84%, 74.4±4.20%, respectively. Survival rates was significantly higher in frozen RSP-S and RSP-T semen than that in control group(8.5±2.12%).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 1993

Three cell lines, CHO, L929 and B16 which are non-tumorigenic and cancer cells, respectively, were first tested for their survival in the presence of radioprotective ginseng protein fraction(GPF0. The influence of three radioprotectors-CPF, cysteamine, and 1-Methyl-2-bis[(2-methylthio)vinyl] quinolinium iodide (MVQI) on DNA repair capacity of UV damaged cells survival test, the GPF showed higher cytotoxicity in L929 and B16 than in CHO cells. However, the degree of cell killing was also investigated by measuring $^3H$-thymidine incorporation of PUVA treated cells. In cell survival test, the GPF showed higher cytotoxicity in L929 and B16 than in CHO cells. However, the degree of cell killing was not high enough to consider it as an antitumorigenic agent. Variable results were obtained in the effects on DNA repair capacity depending on the protectors and cell lines used. In pretreatment, the presence of GPF and MVOI brought about a sinificant increase in the capacity in both CHO and B16 cells. However, in L929, the enhancing effect was not shown. In all three cell lines, cysteamine showed lower repair capacity than control, suggesting the primary damage reduction in stronger enhancing effects in L929 and B16 cells, while it was weaker in CHO cells. Here also cystemine hsowed a very little or no increase in the capacity in all three cell lines. These results demonstrate that GPF has mild cytotoxicity in tumorignic cells and that GPF and MVQI enhance DNA repair capacity of UV damaged cells, whether they are tumorigenic or not. On the other hand, cysteamine shows only damage reduction effect. Celles of different genetic origin seem to give different responses to the modifier and different modifiers may possibly work by different mechanisms.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 2023

Background: The survival benefit of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using the bilateral internal thoracic arteries (BITA) is well known; however, the role of BITA in concomitant aortic valve replacement (AVR) and CABG has not been studied. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent concomitant AVR and CABG. Cases not using an internal thoracic artery and less than 2 bypass grafts were excluded. We enrolled 114 patients in this study. The mean follow-up duration was 61.5±43.5 months. Results: Forty patients (35.1%) underwent CABG with a single internal thoracic artery (SITA) and 74 patients (64.9%) underwent CABG with BITA. The preoperative clinical characteristics were not significantly different between the 2 groups, with the exception of a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the SITA group. Postoperative mortality and morbidity were not significantly higher in the BITA group than in the SITA group. In the univariable analysis, the survival of the BITA group was similar to that of the SITA group (p=0.157). Multivariable analysis showed that only mean age was a predictor of death (p=0.042), but using BITA was not an independent predictor (p=0.094). In low-risk patients whose preoperative ejection fraction was >45%, the survival of the BITA group was significantly better than that of the SITA group (p=0.043). Conclusion: BITA use in concomitant AVR and CABG showed no difference in mortality compared to using SITA. Although its impact on long-term survival was inconclusive, BITA use can be considered for low-risk patients.