• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 1999

This study was developed to evaluate the growth inhibition effects of cell wall components of Enterococcus faecalis 2B4-1 obtained from feces of neonates against tumor cell lines. Polysaccharide fraction (PS) shown sensitive growth inhibition effect in the cell wall components was isolated and characterized. In growth inhibition effects, residue fractin of whole cell was shown sensitive level of percent survival about 30% when administrated at ehe concentration of 100${\mu}$g/ml, and that was more effective than that of supernatant fraction against the tumor cell lines, SNU-1, 3LL, FARROW and HEC-1-B. Sensitive growth inhibition effects against SNU-1, FARROW and HEC-1-B were performed by whole cell (WC) fraction from Ent. faecalis 2B4-1. Cytoplasm fractin (CP) of WC was shown non-inhibition effect, however, the other part of WC, precipitate of disrupted cell (PD), was sensitive against the tumor cell line mentioned above. Followed by separation to peptidoglycan fraction (PG) and polysaccharide fraction (PS) were all sensitive which the latter was shown more sensitive percent survival than the former. Composed sugars of polysaccharide fraction were determined to D-glucose, L-rhamnose and D-glucosamine, and the rate fo composition was calculated to about 1:1:1 by the data of elemental analysis, IR, TLC and HPLC.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.363-371
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• 1994

Background: DNA content analysis of human solid tumor is now widely performed by flow cytometric study. One of the most interesting and potentially important observation in this field is that proliferative activity(S-Phase fraction of cell cycle) may profoundly affect the prognosis. Method: S-Phase fraction(SPF) have been measured by flow cytometric method using tumor cells isolated from paraffin embedded tissue. To evaluate the prognostic significance, SPF of small lung cancer cell was assessed in 42 patients who died after receiving anticancer chemotherapy. Results: 1) Mean survival time of patients with small cell lung cancer was 190(${\pm}156$) days. Survival time were shortened, when TNM stage and PS scale were advanced. 2) Mean value of SPF of patients with small cell lung cancer was 27.4(${\pm}8.5$)%. SPF had nothing to do with advance of TNM stage and PS scale. 3) In each identical TNM stage, there were not statistic significance between SPF and survival times. 4) There was a tendency like that higher SPF, better chemotherapeutic response. Conclusion: We could not find statistic significance between SPF and survival times, but SPF was a good predictive factor for chemotherapeutic response.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1091-1099
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• 1995

The cyutotoxic effects of hot water soluble polysaccharides extract(PS) from the mushroom, Lentinus edodes, and in combinations with vitamin A or vitamin E on life span of ICR mice bearing P388 cancer cells and in vitro against P388 cancer cells were examined. The chemical components of PS and fractions were analyzed and survival time and cell number of P388 treated with extract fractions with and without vatamin A or E supplementation were also measured. The results obtained were summarized as follows; The extract of fraction B was shown to have the highest antitumor activity against P388 implanted in ICR mice. The antitumor fraction B was consisted of 82.0% of polysaccharide and 4.2% of protein. All three fractions seemed to have in vivo antitumor activity against P388, and fraction B showed the highest activity, In vitro P388 cell growht was inhibited 76%, 89%, 54% by the addition of fraction A, B and C respectively. Vitamin A or E did not appear to have any accelerating effects on either in vivo or in vitro cell cytotoxicity when each of them was combined with the PS and fractions. All three fractions contained more than 68% of polysaccharides. The fraction B showed the highest value of 88% in polysaccharides. Monsaccharides of the fraction B were identified as galactose(59.1%), glucose(29.2%), fructose(2.8%) and uronic acid(4.2%). Hydrolysis of protein from the fraction B was didentifed to have 17 kinds of defined and 5 undifined amino acids. The inhibitory effects of the hot water extracts from mushroom against cancer cell growth of P388 were stronger than the control group. And the survival time of ICR mice was shown to be 161% between the control group and the experimental groups.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.212-217
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• 1997

Induction of an adaptive response to ionizing radiation in mouse lymphoma (EL4) cells was studied by using cell survival fraction and apoptotic nucleosomal DNA fragmentation as biological end points. Cells in early log phase were pre-exposed to low dose of ${\gamma}$-rays (0.01 Gy) 4 or 20 hrs prior to high dose ${\gamma}$-ray (4, 8 and 12 Gy for cell survival fraction analysis; 8 Gy for DNA fragmentation analysis) irradiation. Then cell survival fractions and the extent of DNA fragmentation were measured. Significant adaptive response, increase in cell survival fraction and decrease in the extent of DNA fragmentation were induced when low and high dose .gamma.-ray irradiation time interval was 4 hr. Addition of protein or RNA synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide or 5,6-dichloro-1-.betha.-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRFB), respectively during adaptation period, the period from low dose ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation to high dose ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation, was able to inhibit the induction of adaptive response, which is the reduction of the extent DNA fragmentation in irradiated EL4 cells. These data suggest that the induction of adaptive response to ionizing radiation in EL4 cells required both protein and RNA synthesis.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1967

The synergistic actions of certain antimetabolic agents for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum on radiation sterilization have been studied. The used chemical agents are sorbic acid, vitamin-$K_3$, dehydroacetic acid, p-oxybutyl benzoate and nitrofurazone, those are the permitted as food preservatives. Experimental results are as following, 1) Survival fraction of yeast which was gamma-irradiated and influenced by sorbic acid or vitamin $K_3$ is much reduced than that of only irradiated respectively. 2) It seems like that the used chemicals acts synergistically on radiation sterilization. Sodium-dehydroacetate and p-oxybutyl benzoate are proved to be also synergistic but weakly. 3) Survival fraction of Lact. plantarum which was gamma-irradiated and influenced by sorbic acid, dehydroacetic acid or nitrofurazone respectively much reduced than that of only irradiated group, it can be estimated as synergistic action of chemical affected on radiation sterilization. 4) It was found that nutrient componets can affect radiation sterilization of microorganisms protectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.998-1001
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• 2002

Potential antitumor activity of Lactobacillus plantarum cytoplasm was examined using F9 teratocarcinoma-bearing BALB/C mice. The cytoplasmic fraction of L. plantarum was separated by sonication followed by ultracentrifugation. The fraction at a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg/day was orally administered for 7 consecutive days before or after tumor inoculation to 16 mice. As a control, heat-killed whole cell was used at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Upon oral administrations of both the cytoplasm and heat-killed whole cell, when performed after and before tumor inoculation, the survival of F9-bearing mice prolonged more effectively. Administration of the cytoplasm after tumor inoculation extended the average survival days by 30 and $40\%$ at daily dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day, respectively. This result suggests that the cytoplasmic fraction of L. plantarum has strong antitumor activity against mouse F9 teratocarcinoma in vivo.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.225-229
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• 1988

A ginseng protein fraction which has been reported to have radiation protective effect was purified from Korean ginseng and its effects on relative survival and chromosome aberration were studied in UV irradiated CHO-K1 cells. When the protein fraction $(100\;{\mu}g/ml)$ was added to the cells before UV irradiation at 4\;J/$m^2$,, the survival rates were increased to 53.8% from 40.6% in control. Addition of the protein $(100\;{\mu}g/ml)$ after UV irradiation at 4 and $8\;J/m^2$ raised the rates to 85.4 and 24.0% from 79.2 and 11.5% in control, respectively. When the ginseng protein $(800\;{\mu}g/ml)$ was added to the cells exposed to UV light at 10, 20, $30\;J/m^2$, the frequencies of chromosome aberration (CA) were reduced significantly to almost same level regardless of the UV dose increment and there was no significant difference between pre- and post-treatment. When the concentration of ginseng protein was increased from 200 to $800\;{\mu}g/ml$, at UV dose of 10, 20, $30\;J/m^2$ each, the CA frequencies were decreased consistently as the dose of ginseng protein increased, at all UV doses tested. Similar effects were observed in both cases of pre- and post-treatment. The data suggest that the protein may reduce cell damage caused by UV light, especially damage to DNA molecule, or play a role in repair processes of damaged DNA, to increase cell survival and reduce chromosome aberrations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.810-817
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• 2009

The effect of cryoprotectants (maltodextrin+glycerol) and cryoprotectants+antioxidant [ascorbic acid and/or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)] mixtures on the survival, electrolyte leakage, and lipid degradation of freeze-dried Weissella paramesenteroides LC11 during storage was investigated and compared with that of the control (cells without additives) over a 90-day storage period at 4 or $20^{\circ}C$ in glass tubes with water activity ($a_w$) of 0.23. The survival, electrolyte leakage, and lipid degradation were evaluated through colony counts, electrical conductivity, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content, respectively. The fatty acids composition was determined by gas chromatography, in both the total lipid extract and the polar lipid fraction, and compared with that of the control after the 90-day storage period. As the storage proceeded, increases in leakage value and TBARS content, as well as a decrease in viability, were observed. After 90 days of storage, the major fatty acids found in both the total lipid extract and the polar lipid fraction were palmitic (16:0), palmitoleic (16:1), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and linolenic (18:3) acids. The survival, leakage value, TBARS content and 18:2/16:0 or 18:3/16:0 ratio were the greatest for the protected strain held at $4^{\circ}C$. Cells with the cryoprotectants+BHT mixture showed the highest percentage of survival and 18:2/16:0 or 18:3/16:0 ratio in both lipid extracts, as well as the lowest leakage value and TBARS content after the 90-day storage period. Drying cells with the cryoprotectants+BHT mixture considerably slowed down polar lipid degradation and loss of membrane integrity, resulting in improved viability during storage.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.82-90
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• 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the results of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFX) for early glottic cancer. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five patients with cT1-2N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis who had undergone HFX, performed using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT, n = 66) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT, n = 19) were analyzed. For all patients, radiotherapy was administered at 60.75 Gy in 27 fractions. Forty-three patients received a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) of 2.3-2.5 Gy per tumor fraction. Results: The median follow-up duration was 29.9 months (range, 5.5 to 76.5 months). All patients achieved complete remission at a median of 50 days after the end of radiotherapy (range, 14 to 206 days). The 5-year rates for locoregional recurrence-free survival was 88.1%, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 86.2%. T2 stage was a prognostic factor for locoregional recurrence-free survival after radiotherapy (p = 0.002). SIB for the tumor did not affect disease control and survival (p = 0.191 and p = 0.387, respectively). No patients experienced acute or chronic toxicities of ≥grade 3. IMRT significantly decreased the dose administered to the carotid artery as opposed to 3D CRT (V₃₅, p < 0.001; V₅₀, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients treated with HFX achieved acceptable locoregional disease control rates and overall survival rates compared with previous HFX studies. A fraction size of 2.25 Gy provided good disease control regardless of SIB administration.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7923-7927
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• 2015

Background: The Cox PH model is one of the most significant statistical models in studying survival of patients. But, in the case of patients with long-term survival, it may not be the most appropriate. In such cases, a cure rate model seems more suitable. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical factors associated with cure rate of patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: In order to find factors affecting cure rate (response), a non-mixed cure rate model with negative binomial distribution for latent variable was used. Variables selected were recurrence cancer, status for HER2, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), size of tumor, grade of cancer, stage of cancer, type of surgery, age at the diagnosis time and number of removed positive lymph nodes. All analyses were performed using PROC MCMC processes in the SAS 9.2 program. Results: The mean (SD) age of patients was equal to 48.9 (11.1) months. For these patients, 1, 5 and 10-year survival rates were 95, 79 and 50 percent respectively. All of the mentioned variables were effective in cure fraction. Kaplan-Meier curve showed cure model's use competence. Conclusions: Unlike other variables, existence of ER and PR positivity will increase probability of cure in patients. In the present study, Weibull distribution was used for the purpose of analysing survival times. Model fitness with other distributions such as log-N and log-logistic and other distributions for latent variable is recommended.