• 한국동물학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1966

Effects of compound factors (temperature , salinity and turbidity 0 on Tapes philippinarum are as follows : 1. At 3 and 6 hours , critical temperature of 0.9-1.05 mm size is 38$^{\circ}C$ and 7.5-8.5mm, 23-25 mm exist between 35$^{\circ}C$ and 41$^{\circ}C$. 2. The main limiting factor of three combined factors is temperature. The effect on the survival of Tapes philippinarum is as follows : Temperature > salinity > turbidity. 3. In the worst condition, treatment time is also an important factor. Mortality is higher at 6 hour treatment than 3 hour. 4. We observed 39$^{\circ}C$ of water temperature at Tapes bed of Inchon in July 1965. Compared with experimental results, we are able to suppose that the mortality will be occurred at high degrees in the natural state. 5. As the size of the individual is increased , the survival rate is increased as well.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2013

Purpose: The role of metastasectomy has been debatable and unclear in the treatment for patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the role of metastasectomy on the overall survival of these patients. Materials and Methods: In 2,406 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer between 1998 and 2010, 188 (7.8%) patients had their first surgery for metastatic gastric cancer. To minimize the bias of systemic chemotherapy, 99 patients who received postoperative chemotherapy (fewer than 2 cycles) were excluded. The primary gastrectomy or metastasectomy had not been enforced in the following cases. Patients with far advanced peritoneal dissemination, multiple liver and lung metastasis (more than 2), and a poor general condition (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group>2) were excluded. Based on the metastasectomy, the patients were classified into two groups, gastrectomy with metastasectomy and gastrectomy only group. Results: There was no significant difference between both groups in clinicopathological characteristics except for the mean age (P=0.047). The univariate analysis for overall survival show statistical significances in metastasectomy (P=0.026), distal gastrectomy (P=0.047), and combined resection of another organ (P=0.047) group. With a multivariate analysis, metastasectomy was a significant factor in patient survival after surgery (odds ratio 1.679; P=0.034). Conclusions: Based on our results, we assume that a detailed strategy for surgery is needed to improve the overall survival of patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Therefore, we suggest that a metastasectomy can help prolong overall survival in some patients with metastatic gastric cancer.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2011

Objective : The purposes of this study are to estimate postoperative survival and ambulatory outcome and to identify prognostic factors thereafter of metastatic spinal tumors in a single institute. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 182 patients who underwent surgery for a metastatic spinal tumor from January 1987 to January 2009 retrospectively. Twelve potential prognostic factors (age, gender, primary tumor, extent and location of spinal metastases, interval between primary tumor diagnosis and metastatic spinal cord compression, preoperative treatment, surgical approach and extent, preoperative Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, Nurick score, Tokuhashi and Tomita score) were investigated. Results : The median survival of the entire patients was 8 months. Of the 182 patients, 80 (44%) died within 6 months after surgery, 113 (62%) died within 1 year after surgery, 138 (76%) died within 2 years after surgery. Postoperatively 47 (26%) patients had improvement in ambulatory function, 126 (69%) had no change, and 9 (5%) had deterioration. On multivariate analysis, better ambulatory outcome was associated with being ambulatory before surgery (p=0.026) and lower preoperative ECOG score (p=0.016). Survival rate was affected by preoperative ECOG performance status (p<0.001) and Tomita score (p<0.001). Conclusion : Survival after metastatic spinal tumor surgery was dependent on preoperative ECOG performance status and Tomita score. The ambulatory functional outcomes after surgery were dependent on preoperative ambulatory status and preoperative ECOG performance status. Thus, prompt decompressive surgery may be warranted to improve patient's survival and gait, before general condition and ambulatory function of patient become worse.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 1986

These experiments were carried out to clarify the effects various kinds of cryoprotectants which were frequently used in freezing embryos of domestic animals on the survival of frozen-thawed mouse embryos. As cryoprotectant, glycerol, DMSO and methanol were used and the procedures of adding them in medium were practiced by one-step or six-step adding method. Morphologically normal mouse embryos developed to blastocyst by in vitro culture after freezing and thawing were transferred to pseudopregnant recipients by surgical procedures. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: 1. The survival rates of the frozen-thawed 8-cell embryos, morulas and blastocysts following one-step addition of glycerol were 83.6, 80.3 adn 70.3%, respectively, while following six-step addition of glycerol, 69.2, 56.3 and 66.7% respectively. 2. When glycerol, DMSO and methanol were used as cryoprotectant under the same condition of freezing and thawing, the survival rates of frozen-thawed embryos were 74.0, 76.1 and 37.6%, respectively. 3. The implantation rate of embryos transferred to pseudopregnant recipients after freezing and thawing was 49.2%.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.196-198
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• 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of jellyfish chips in promoting the survival and growth of Pinus thunbergii seedlings in a coastal area based on a five-year field investigation from 2012 to 2016. Seedling survival rate was significantly higher in the treatment (96%) than in the control (75%) group in 2012. Furthermore, the height of five-year-old seedlings after plantation in 2012 was significantly greater in the treatment (3.41 m) than in the control (2.32 m) group (t=10.151; p-value<0.01). These results revealed that jellyfish chips can improve soil condition by enhancing moisture retention during the early growth stages and supplying nutrients to the seedlings over time. Our findings indicated that jellyfish chips could be used effectively as an organic fertilizer for growing coastal disaster prevention forests.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1996

감성돔, A. schlegeli 자치어의 성장 및 생존에 미치는 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine($T_3$) 경구투여 효과를 파악하기 위해 $T_3$를 0, 10, 20, 50 및 100 ppm으로 사료에 섞어 경구 투여하였다. $T_3$ 경구투여에 따른 사료섭식률은 10 ppm구와 20 ppm구에서 대조구와 큰 차이가 없었지만, $T_3$ 투여량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 사료효율의 경우 10 ppm구가 다른 실험구들에 비해 높았으나, 큰 차는 없었다. 생존율의 경우 100 ppm구가 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났으나, 그 외 처리구는 대조구와 차이를 보이지 않았다. 전장과 체중의 성장은 10 ppm 구가 다른 실험구보다도 높았고, 20 ppm구는 대조구와 거의 같은 수준에 있었으나, 50 ppm과 100 ppm구는 오히려 대조구보다도 느린 성장 경향을 나타내었다. 비만도는 대조구에서 가장 높은 수치를 보였으며, 10 ppm구를 비롯한 모든 $T_3$ 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의하게 낮게 나타나, $T_3$ 투여량이 많아짐에 따라 비만도가 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of concentration and equilibration time of cryoprotective agents on the survival rate of slowly and ultrarapidly frozen porcine embryos. The porcine embryos following dehydration by cryoprotective agents and a various concentration of sucrose were directly plunged into liquid nitrogen and thawed in 38$^{\circ}C$ water bath. Survival rate was defined as development rat to the morula and blastocyst stage after in vitro culture or by FDA test. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The survival rates of porcine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucrose added 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, or 4.0M glycerol was 65.3, 61.8, 64.3, 59.4 or 39.4%, respectively. Addition of 0.25M sucrose into the freezing medium containing 2.0M glycerol showed higher survival rate than those of 2.5~4.0M glycerol. 2. The survival rates of porcine embryos after ultraradpid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucroese added 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 or 4.0M DMSO was 65.6, 67.6, 68.6, 60.6 or 23.6%, respectively. However, addition of 0.25M sucrose into the freezing medium containing 3.0M DMSO showed higher survival rate than those of 2.0, 2.5, 3.5 or 4.0M DMSO. 3. The survival rates of porcine embryos after ultrapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucrose added 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 or 4.0M propanediol was 63.2, 60.3, 62.1, 52.3 or 24.3%, respectively. Addition of 0.25M sucroese into the freezing medium containing 2.0M propanediol showed higher survival rate than those of 2.5~4.0M glycerol. 4. The survival rates of porcine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing the freezing medium of 2.0M glycerol added 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 or 0.75M sucrose was 61.8, 70.8, 67.6 or 52.2%, respectively. Addition of 2.0M glycerol into the freezing medium containing 0.25M sucreose showed higher survival rate than that those of 0.10, 0.50 or 0.75M sucrose. 5. The higher suvival rate of porcine embryos were attained at short period of equilibration time 92.5~5min.) in the freezing medium added 0.25M sucreose and 3.0M compared to those of 10 or 20min. equilibration time in the same condition.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 1991

The objective of this experiment was to study some possibilities to simplify freezing, thawing and transfer procedure of one-step straw method comparing with the conventional methods using bovine embryos. The previous work are also designed to investigate the thawing effect by development stage and its quality using the embryos. Results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. A total of 87 embryos from 14 donor cows were frozen-thawed and an average of frozen embryo/donor was 6.2. 2. The survival rates of morula stage(65.4%) were higher than those of blastocyst stage(57.l%) and vice versa in rate of morphological recovery (80% vs 95.4%). However. no significant difference was denoted between them. 3. In difference between the groups of good quality and poor quality. good quality was resulted in a significantly higher embryo survival rate(75%) and recovery rates(95%) than poor quality(P<0.0l). 4. In effects of non-permeable sugar dilution in added to l.0M glycerol. higher survival rates were orderd in sucrose. lactose, raffinose and xylose. But lactose-raffinose, sucrose-trehalose and xylose in added to 2.OM glycerol. 5. The highest survival rates were obtained by direct plunge into the liquid nitrogen with 3.OM concentration both of glycerol and trehalose. 6. The survival rates in vitro condition of one-step and direct plunge methods(75%-87.5%) were significantly higher than those of multiple steps (21.4-52.6%) in in vitro (P<0.0l). However, the results of single-step were critical in comparing to other steps of final pregnant conformation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2018

Objectives: Desmoplastic melanoma of the oral cavity is an extremely rare condition that is often confused on initial diagnosis with non-melanotic benign lesion or spindle cell tumors. The purpose of this article was to raise awareness of the disease using a literature review. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 19 desmoplastic melanoma cases reported in the literature and added our experience. Data on clinical, histopathology, treatment, and survival were retrieved and analyzed. Survival analysis was by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Initial clinical and histopathological features were indistinctive, and a definite diagnosis of desmoplastic melanoma at initial assessment was possible in only 23.5% of cases. Among tests, immunohistochemical studies for S-100 and vimentin were all positive. The 5-year disease-free survival rate for oral desmoplastic melanoma was 0%, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 55.0%. Conclusion: Oral desmoplastic melanoma has a high percentage of initial misdiagnosis and propensity for local recurrence. Thus, careful initial diagnosis and adequate surgery may result in improved overall survival.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2015

Yogurt is a product of the acidic fermentation of milk, which affects the survival of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The aim of this present study was to examine the survival and acid stress response of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG to low pH environment. The survival of LAB in commercial yogurt was measured during long-term storage. The enumeration of viable cells of LAB was determined at 15-day intervals over 52-weeks at $5^{\circ}C$. L. acidophilus, L. casei, and Bifidobacterium spp. showed low viability. However, L. rhamnosus GG exhibited excellent survival throughout the refrigerated storage period. At the end of 52-weeks, L. rhamnosus GG survived 7.0 log10 CFU/mL. $F_0F_1$ ATPase activity in L. rhamnosus GG at pH 4.5 was also evaluated. The ATPase activities of the membranes were higher when exposed at pH 4.5 for 24 h. The survival of L. rhamnosus GG was attributable to the induction in $F_0F_1$ ATPase activity. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of acid stress-inducible genes at low pH were investigated by qRT-PCR. clpC and clpE genes were up-regulated after 1 h, and atpA and dnaK genes were up-regulated after 24 h of incubation at pH 4.5. These genes could enhance the survival of L. rhamnosus GG in the acidic condition. Thus, the modulation of the enzymes or genes to assist the viability of LAB in the low pH environment is thought to be important.