• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.259-271
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and daily intake of nutrients in college students. This survey was conducted using a self-administered questionaire. The average heights and weights were 173.5 cm and 72.3 kg of male students and 161.8 cm and 57.2 kg of female students. The average of BMI was $24.2kg/m^2$ of male and $21.9kg/m^2$ of female, and the value of male students was higher than the value of female students. The response to the daily meals was 54.6% for '$2{\sim}3$ times/week'. The regularity of mealtime was 41.7% for irregular and the frequency eating after nine was 45.7% for '5-6 times/week', respectively. The repast was 72.2% for 'overeating and little eating' and was a significant difference of male and female students (p<0.05). The eating rate was higher '$10{\sim}20min$'. As for breakfast food eaten, skipping breakfast was 23.6% for 'no/week' and female students were higher than male students (p<0.05). The frequency of snacks was 36.0% for 'nothing' of males students and 34.8% for '3-4 times/week' of female students (p<0.05). The type of snack was a significant difference of males and females students (p<0.01), and was the highest 75.0% for carbonated drinks of males and 37.5% for snacks of females. The eating due to stress solution was a significant difference of male and female students (p<0.01), and was the highest 23.0% for 'frequency' of males and 44.7% for 'sometime' of females. As for food intake of male and female students, the meat intake was 66.7% for 'everything of male and female students. The fish intake was 68.1 % for '1-2times/week'. The milk, milk products, eggs and beans were each 40.3%, 58.3%, 56.9%, 47.2% for '1-2 times/week' (p<0.05). The fat intake was 55.6% for '$1{\sim}2$ times/week'. The average consumption of energy was 58% of male and 67% of female of estimated energy requirement (EER). Their mean ratio of carbohydrate: protein: fat was 57 : 15 : 28 of all subjects. The mean intakes of vitamin C and folic acid were 70% and 51% of males and 62% and 52% of females of recommended intake (RI). The mean intakes of Ca, P, Fe and Na were 71%, 140%, 146% of males and 72%, 122%, 76% of female of RI and 273% of males and 233% of females of adequate intake (AI). Therefore, nutritional education is necessary for college students to establish physicall and mentall optimal health conditions though nutritional intervention.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

The rotavirus-induced diarrhea of human and animal neonates is a major public health concern worldwide. Until recently, no effective therapy is available to specifically inactivate the rotavirion particles within the gut. Passive immunotherapy by oral administration of chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) has emerged of late as a fresh alternative strategy to control infectious diseases of the alimentary tract and has been applied in the treatment of diarrhea due to rotavirus infection. The purpose of this concise review is to evaluate evidence on the properties and performance of anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin Y (IgY) for prevention and treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in human and animal neonates. A survey of relevant anti-rotavirus IgY basic studies and clinical trials among neonatal animals (since 1994-2015) and humans (since 1982-2015) have been reviewed and briefly summarized. Our analysis of a number of rotavirus investigations involving animal and human clinical trials revealed that anti-rotavirus IgY significantly reduced the severity of clinical manifestation of diarrhea among IgY-treated subjects relative to a corresponding control or placebo group. The accumulated information as a whole depicts oral IgY to be a safe and efficacious option for treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in neonates. There is however a clear need for more randomized, placebo controlled and double-blind trials with bigger sample size to further solidify and confirm claims of efficacy and safety in controlling diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection especially among human infants with health issues such as low birth weights or compromised immunity in whom it is most needed.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.111-124
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• 2011

The apartment' share of the housing has steadily increased and property assets have been valued in importance as the one of asset value. Information retrieval system using internet is particularly active in the real estate market. However, user satisfaction on real estate information system is not very high, and there is a lack of research on real estate retrieval to increasing efficiency until now. This study presents a new knowledge information system developed to consider region-related factor and individual-related factor in the real estate market. In addition it enables a real estate knowledge system to search various preferential requirements for buyers such as school district, living convenience, easy maintenance as well as price. We made a survey of the search condition preference of experts on 30 real estate agents and then analyzed the result using AHP methodology. Furthermore, this research is to build apartment ontology using semantic web technologies to standardize various terminologies of apartment information and to show how it can be used to help buyers find apartments of the interest. After designing architecture of a real estate knowledge information system, this system is applied to the Busan real estate market to estimate the solutions of retrieval through Multi-Attribute Decision Making(MADM). Based on the results of the analysis, we endowed the buyer and expert's selected factors with weights in the system. Evaluation results indicate that this new system is to raise not only the value satisfaction of user, but also make it possible to effectively search and analyze the real estate through entropy analysis of MADM. This new system is to raise not only the value satisfaction of buyer's real estate, but also make it possible to effectively search and analyze the related real estate, consequently saving the searching cost of the buyers.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.168-175
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• 2008

Project risk factors are major triggers in cost performance in construction projects. Both owners and contractors are highly concerned in managing their risks in earlier times. As such, it is needed to provide a robust risk evaluation methodology in identifying and assessing the potential risks before project execution. In previous research, risk identification was conducted only in specific phases, i. e., design, procurement, construction. Therefore, the comprehensive approach in risk management was limited and their quantifying method was not well-defined. Since the benefit of planning in earlier times are maximized compared to later times, the risk management should be implemented in earlier planning stage. This study provide a new risk evaluation method by incorporating previous research and extensive literature review. By quantifying each risk factor from an extensive industry survey, the proposed tool can enhance the reliability of each factor weight and also the weights are categorized from a various perspectives, i.e., owners, contractors, lager-scale company, smaller-scale company, building projects. The proposed tool can be also useful in deciding on whether to proceed a particular project and How much the project contingency would be set aside in project execution. The study findings can also expedite the risk management procedure in a more systematic approach.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.25 no.3 s.68
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• pp.169-173
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• 1986

Ginseng fields abolished by potato rot nematode (Ditylenchus destructor) (heavily infested with the nematode) were treated with selected nematicides after preplanting treatment with fumigants or non fumigant chemicals in the fall of 1982. Suppression of the nematode populations was noted in the fields fumigated by cylon (Cy) and treated with ethoprop (E) or triazophos (T). Also in these treatments, high percentages of shoot sprouting and low nematode damages were observed. In the fields fumigated by Cy, subsequent treatments with nonfumigant nematicides such as E, aldicarb (A), phenamiphos (Ph), oxamyl (O) and carbofuran (C) during cultivation had no effect on the significant decrease of the nematode, compared with Cy alone. No differences in shoot sprouting and symptom appearance were observed; however, survivalities of plants and root weights of 4-year old ginseng were high in A and E or E following preplanting treatment with E. Correlation coefficients of the nematode densities to host responses such as sprouting of shoots, symptom appearance, survivality of plants and weight of 4-year old ginseng roots were significant at and mostly before and after the time periods of survey.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2010

Recently, about 600 cases of marine accidents occur annually in Korea. According to many studies and analyses on occurrence of marine accidents, 70~80% of marine accidents were caused by human factors. Among the human factors, navigation officers' fatigue is very important factor. Although navigation officers' fatigue serves as an important role in marine accidents, there is no method to exactly examine the degree of officers' fatigue. Accordingly, this study analyzed human factors according to types of marine accidents and extracted important five factors affecting navigation officers' fatigue through the questionnaire survey by means of literatures and 5-point scale. In addition, evaluation factors of marine accident risks caused by fatigue factors were divided and structured by using ISM. Lastly, it found out the importance of each fatigue factor drawn by AHP and decided marine accidents that were most highly caused by navigation officers' fatigue in order. At the result, weights were high as sleep time 0.385, stress 0.302, health condition 0.139, rest time 0.099, alcohol and drug 0.074 in fatigue factors, and death and injury 0.328, collision 0.308, grounding 0.195, sinking 0.094, fire accident 0.075 in evaluation factors of marine accident risks. Therefore, the control plan to lower marine accident risks should be prepared on the basis of high weight factors.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.815-825
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• 2017

Groundwater management vulnerability was assessed using TOPSIS (Techniques for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution) for 21 administrative districts in Nakdong river basin. Ten indicators were selected for 21 administrative districts in the Nakdong river basin by collecting natural, human, and social data sets. The selected indicators were standardized using rescale method, and each indicator was weighted by considering the questionnaire of expert group. The results of the weights determination survey showed that the annual average groundwater level index was 0.157 and this is the highest value. The annual average precipitation index was 0.154 and the annual groundwater recharge index was 0.152. The lowest weighted index was 0.043 for population density. Finally, the result of assessment of groundwater management vulnerability showed that Sangju-si was the most vulnerable to groundwater management among 21 administrative districts in Nakdong river basin because the annual average precipitation, annual average groundwater recharge, and annual average groundwater use indicators were highly vulnerable. The second and the third vulnerable regions were Yecheon-gun and Haman-gun respectively. The assessment of groundwater management vulnerability for the five major river basins in Korea can be a essential basis for the establishment of groundwater management policy.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.325-335
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• 1999

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relations among nutrient intake. self body image and satisfaction, and physical fitness of college students in Taegu. A total of 213 apparently healthy college students living in Taegu were selected for the study. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participants : weight, height: waist and hip circumferences, and bioimpedence. Using weight and height, the body mass index (kg/$m^2$) was calculated. The 24-hour recall were obtained from subjects. Dietary habits and energy expenditure were examined through questionnaires. Nutrients intake were analyzed by computer aided nutritional analysis program. Variables of Physical fitness were consisted of body fat, muscular strength and endurance, agility. power, flexibility, cardiorespiratory function, physical efficiency index(PEI). Data were analyzed by computer using the SAS 6.12(Statistical Analysis System). The mean heights and weights of these students were similar to those reported for the 50th percentile in a national survey. Nutrient intake of the college students in Taegu was considerably lower than RDA. The male subjects' mean intake of two nutrients, vitamin B$_2$ and calcium, were less than 55% of the RDAs. the female subjects' mean intake of two nutrients, iron and calcium, were less than 55% of the RDAs. A most variables of physical fitness except sit and reach in male students showed a significant higher values than those of female students. There was a significant positive relationship between PEI and the intake of animal protein, fat, Ca. and B$_2$ in male students. Also there was a significant positive relationship between exercise duration of PWC 170 and protein, fat, iron, vitamin A, B$_2$, niacin, and energy intake in female students. The muscular strength showed the significant correlation with weight, height, and waist circumference in male and female students. The cardiorespiratory function and Physical efficiency index showed significantly negative correlation with tricep and subscapular skin thickness in the female students. There were significantly positive correlations between WHR and body efficiency index in male students, and significantly positive correlations between WHR and the cardiorespiratory function in female students. There was no significant level of correlation between the degree of satisfaction of body image and physical efficiency index. However. there was a significant positive correlation between waist circumference (and weight) and physical efficiency index in male and female students and almost all of the surveyed male and female college students wanted less waist circumference or weight even though they were in the criteria of standard waist circumference or weight. In conclusion, a beneficial effect of adequate nutrient intake on physical fitness was found, college students must increase their energy and nutrient intake if it is below than the RDA for improving their physical fitness.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.89-99
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to represent the residential population distribution in Seoul, Korea more precisely through the dasymetric mapping method. Dasymetric mapping can be defined as a mapping method to calculate details from truncated spatial distribution of main statistical data by using ancillary data which is spatial data related to the main data. In this research, there are two types of data used for dasymetric mapping: the population data (2010) based on a output area survey in Seoul as the main data and the building footprint data including register information as ancillary spatial data. Using the binary method, it extracts residential buildings as actual areas where residents do live in. After that, the regression method is used for calculating the weights on population density by considering the building types and their gross floor areas. Finally, it can be reproduced three-dimensional density of residential population and drew a detailed dasymetric map. As a result, this allows to extract a more realistic calculating model of population distribution and draw a more accurate map of population distribution in Seoul. Therefore, this study has an important meaning as a source which can be applied in various researches concerning regional population in the future.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.378-387
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• 2010

We present the results of laboratory measurement of porosity and electrical resistivity for the samples collected near marine hydrothermal deposit to provide fundamental perspective of physical properties for future electromagnetic survey. The rock cores are sampled from the host rock, pumice, hydrothermal altered zone, and chimney. These samples are featured as easily brittle, rough surface with large pores, having components easily solvable in the water. We suggest systematic approach for measuring weights, volumes of core samples to calculate density and porosity. Measurements reveal that the resistivities of black host rock, gray host rock, pumice and chimney are 102, 39, 11, 0.1 ohm-m, respectively, when the core samples are saturated with saline water of $32,000\;{\mu}S$/cm (0.5 ohm-m) at temperature of $2.5^{\circ}C$ and these correspond to the factors of 5 for sea water, 110 for pumice and 390~1020 for host rocks with respect to the resistivity of chimney. We also confirm that resistivity of rock samples saturated with water decrease with temperature linearly over the temperature range of $20{\sim}80^{\circ}C$.