• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.307-315
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• 2010

The safety and security of food supply should be one of the primary responsibilities of any government. Estimation of nation's food commodity intakes is important to control the potential risks in food systems since food hazards are often associated with quality and safety of food commodities. The food intake databases provided by Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) are good resources to estimate the demographic data of intakes of various food commodities. A limitation of the KNHANES databases, however, is that the food intakes surveyed are not based on commodities but ingredients and their mixtures. In this study, reasonable calculation strategies were applied to convert the food intakes of the ingredients mixtures from the KNHANES into food commodity intakes. For example, Perilla leaf consumed with meat, raw fish, and etc. in Korean diets was used to estimate its Korean intakes and develop algorithms for demographic analysis. Koreans have consumed raw, blanched, steamed, and canned perilla leaf products. The average daily intakes of the perilla leaf were analyzed demographically, for examples, the intakes by gender, age, and etc. The average daily intakes of total perilla leaf were 2.03${\pm}$0.27 g in 1998, 2.11${\pm}$0.26 g in 2001, 2.29${\pm}$0.27 g in 2005, 2.75${\pm}$0.35 g in 2007, and 2.27${\pm}$0.20 g in 2008. Generally, people equal to or over 20 years of age have shown higher perilla leaf intakes than people below 20. This study would be contributed to the estimation of intakes of possible chemical contaminants such as residual pesticides and subsequent analysis for their potential risk.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.61-69
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• 2015

This study was performed to provide fundamental data to establish the new soil pollution standards and the soil contamination management plans in a rational manner. The distribution characteristics of new soil contaminants such as barium (Ba) and chromium (Cr) in soils (n=140) were investigated in relation to land-use classification and geological features. Also, the sequential extraction test was conducted to evaluate fate and mobility of new soil contaminants. The soil samples taken from 140 sites were analyzed to survey distribution levels of selected new soil contaminants. The average concentration and range for hazardous metals (Ba, Cr) were Ba 128.946 (26.757~489.587) mg/kg, Cr 30.121 (2.579~132.783) mg/kg. Based on land use classification, the highest Ba concentration was found in factory soils, followed by dry field and park soils, while Cr concentration was highest in rice paddy soils, followed by dry field and factory soils. Within 10 geological units investigated the highest Ba and Cr concentrations were observed in the soils from Okcheon group and metamorphic rocks, respectively. The BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction was conducted to identify chemical distributional existence of 2 elements of soils from each geological unit. Ba in soils is mainly assumed to exists as reducible form (such as BaSO₄, BaCO₃) and Cr in soils mainly is assumed to exist as residual form (such as Cr₂O₃, Cr_xFe_1-x(OH)₃(x < 1)).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.4 s.48
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• pp.693-709
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• 1994

This epidemiologic study was carried out to investigate cauuse and magnitude of food-poisoning like epidemic occurred among inhabitants of a village who have eaten dead cow's meat near Kyongju in February of 1994, around lunar new year, The investigation consisted of interview survey on all inhabitants of 77 households (111 males and 119 females) and their visitors (40 males and 35 females), skin test with anthraxinum (Russian product), study on clinical characteristics for the patients hospitalized, and microbiologic examination on microbes isolated from cow's meat, patient and soils of dead cow's barn. The results obtained are as followings; 1. The proportion of the inhabitants who ingested the dead cow's meat was 36.4%. The incidence rate of the disease was 65.1% for males, 41.7% for females and the cases were distributed evenly for all age groups. The group ingested raw meat showed higher incidence than the group ingested cooked meat. There was no case among people who did not eat the meat. 2. The most clinical symptoms were significantly more frequent among cases than non-cases : sore throat (57%), nausea (51%), fever (47%), indigestion (43%), cough (41%), anorexia (41%), abdominal distention (41%), and abdominal pain (39%) were the major symptoms among cases. 3. Among 29 cases hospitalized out of total 61 cases, three patients, all old and feeble persons, deceased from the disease resulting in 4.9% fatality rate among total patient and 10.3% among hospitalized. Septicemia and meningitis were the causes of the deaths. 4. Three strains isolated from patients, and three strains from dead cow's meat and soil revealed typical microbiologic characteristics of Bacillus Anthracis, which also proved to be fatal to experimentally infected mice.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.363-376
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• 2012

Excessive zeroes are often observed in ordinal categorical response variables. An ordinary ordered Probit model is not appropriate for zero-inflated data especially when there are many different sources of generating 0 observations. In this paper, we apply a two-stage zero-inflated ordered Probit (ZIOP) model which incorporate the zero-flated nature of data, propose a Bayesian analysis of a ZIOP model, and apply the method to alcohol consumption data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics, Korea. In the first stage of a ZIOP model, a Probit model is introduced to divide the non-drinkers into genuine non-drinkers who do not participate in drinking due to personal beliefs or permanent health problems and potential drinkers who did not drink at the time of the survey but have the potential to become drinkers. In the second stage, an ordered probit model is applied to drinkers that consists of zero-consumption potential drinkers and positive consumption drinkers. The analysis results show that about 30% of non-drinkers are genuine non-drinkers and hence the Korean alcohol consumption data has the feature of zero-inflated data. A study on the marginal effect of each explanatory variable shows that certain explanatory variables have effects on the genuine non-drinkers and potential drinkers in opposite directions, which may not be detected by an ordered Probit model.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.230-237
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• 2007

This study was carried out to indicate the status of agricultural environment in Yangpyong area which is special protection area for tap water in Han river during three years($1996{\sim}1998$). The main study was on pesticide monitoring, analysis of pesticides in Bokpocheon water and soil. Water in this small river for supplying to the rice was found nine pesticides residues, ranged from 0.1 to 22.7 ppb, similar patterns from survey conducted in National Institute of Agricultural Science and technology, Soil in rice paddy has also low levels of eleven pesticide residues, ranged from 0.002 to 0.55 ppm.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5920-5925
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is to investigate the factors affecting the quality life of oral health according to the knowledge and behavior related with oral health and childcare teachers. Total 205 childcare teacher who working in Busan participated in this survey. The knowledge on oral health has an effects on oral health practice with ${\gamma}$=.155 and t=2.539 but this doesn't show meaningful effects on dietary pattern. Oral health is not affected by oral health practice with ${\beta}$=-.001, t=-.008 but dietary patterm has an effects on oral health impact profile with ${\beta}$=.172, t=2.560. Oral health impact profile show meaningful effects on total health index with ${\beta}$=.582, t=10.275. The results show that the oral health program for childcare teacher should be developed to prevent oral disease and oral health impact profile should be improved for not only childcare teachers but also children.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 1989

The study was performed to examine varietal differences of wilting injury in terms of the root developing system and root activity. The field survey was conducted at the farmer's, and the experimental fields. The experimental investigation was done at different growth stage of rice plant in the sand culture condition. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The T/R ratio of healthy plants was greater than that of the wilted plants in Yushin. 2. Regardless of plant parts, the root activity of the wilted plants decreased in Yushin. The T/R ratio of Yushin tended to increase at the vegitative stage while the Photosynthate distribution to root decreased at the later stage. 3. The root activity and the plant growth rate were higher at vegetative growth stage, while the root activity at reproductive stage decreased. 4. The root activity of Milyang 23, which has relatively less injury of wilting, did not significantly differ between the wilted and the healthy plants. The root was thick and T/R ratio was low.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.83-94
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in self-leadership and job involvement based on the education levels, majors, and teaching experiences of multicultural family home-visit instructors and the influence of self-leadership on job involvement. Methods: 668 home-visit instructors participated in the online survey from 140 multicultural family support centers in Seoul, 6 metropolitan cities, 9 provinces, and other cities and counties. Data were analyzed through frequency, percentages, Pearson's correlations, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ post-hoc test, and stepwise multi-regression using SPSS 21.0. Results: The main findings are as follows. First, instructors who were high school graduates had significantly higher scores in self-leadership than the other groups. There was only a significant difference in self-reward of self-leadership based on their majors. There were no significant differences in job involvement based on the education level and major. The greater their home-visit teaching experiences, the higher their scores in self-leadership and job involvement. Second, the stepwise multiple regression model showed that self-expectation, self-goal setting, constructive thinking, and rehearsal of self-leadership explained 49% of the total variance in job involvement. Conclusion: Even though the high school graduates had significantly higher scores in self-expectation, rehearsal, and constructive thinking of self-leadership than the other groups, over-generalization should be avoided because the sample size was relatively small. Based on the finding that greater home-visit teaching experiences was associated with higher self-leadership and job involvement, it would be necessary to improve working condition to prevent instructors from changing jobs. These findings stress the importance of providing opportunities for home-visit instructors to develop leadership, thus improving job involvement.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.411-421
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• 2017

Understanding the need for temperature regulation, behavior, and ecology of hibernating bats provides the possibility of conservation and management for target species. Our objective in this study was to improve understanding of the population trend and ecological requirement in Myotis formosus population in South Korea. From 2007 to 2016, total of 58 hibernacula for Myotis formosus were found across the country. Of the 58 hibernating sites of Myotis formosus, 86% (n=49) were abandoned mines and 14% (n=8) were natural caves. During the survey period, 28 (5%) bats of total 570 bats were observed in natural caves (n=8) and 542 (95%) bats were observed in abandoned mines (n=49). The internal environments of hibernacula of M. formosus were highly stable despite dramatic variation in the external environment. Specifically, we examined the population trend of the endangered bat Myotis formosus in South Korea by long-term monitoring for hibernation sites. The population trend of endangered species M. formosus showed a marked stable in hibernating population. Our results indicate that a tightly collected long-term data set may help to establish the initial approximation of population trends and manage to threats for the endangered bat species.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.297-303
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• 1985

Three field experiments were conducted to define the optimum levels, yield responses and fertilization efficiencies of NPK fertilizers on peanut and survey on fertility status of 150 farmers` peanut fields was carried out for 3 years. The range of optimum rates of N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ fertilizers on peanut were 5.2-9.0, 6.4-21.0, 8.5-15.0kg/10a, respectively. The effect of NPK application were 23, 8, 16% and production efficiencies of each kg of NPK fertilizers were 6.0, 1.8, 3.4 kg, respectively. The optimum nutrient contents in soil were 250 ppm for available $P_2O_5$ and 0.8 me/100g for exchangeable K including applied ones. Available soil nutrient contents of farmers' peanut fields were mostly below the optimum range for upland soil.