• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 1998

Purpose: To determine the various prenatal factors related to the prenatal hydronephrosis diagnosed on prenatal ultrasonography. We also attempted to correlate the prenatal and neonatal renal pelvic anteroposterior diameter with the outcome in infancy Methods: Between 1985 and 1997. We retrospectively reviewed 105 renal unit (75 patient) with fetal hydronphrosis persisting postnatally. Investigation consisted of renal ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography, diurectic renogram, and DMSA scan. Results: The 75 patient assesed had the following underlying cause: UPJ(Ureteropelvic juction) obstruction(52%). multicystic dysplastic kidney(10%). UVJ (Ureterovesicai juction) obstruction (10%) and no underlying cause (25%). Of theses cases 36 cases (40 renal unit) underwent operation, while 28 cases (50 renal unit) resoled spontaneously. 12% of mild hydornephrosis deteriorated. whereas 50% of modrate hydrophrosis and 81% of severe hydronephrosis required surgical correction. Attempting to find the renal unit that were at risk for deterioration. our study showed that urinary tract infection group and calyceal blunting group had a predictive role. Conclusion: It is necessary to follow up after birth dilatation of caylx or urinary tract infection are present. Early operation is considered when prenatal pelvic AP diameter greater is than 22 mm and postnatal diameter greater than 17 mm. This may make it possible to prevent further progression of renal damage and prompt treatment of asymptomatic hydronephrosis before complications occur.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.301-313
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• 2001

This study was to explore the relationship between nurses' personality type and their job satisfaction level. The subjects of the study were the 364 nurses who were serving at the general surgical department, psychiatric department, pediatric department and emergency room. The hospitals for which they were working were four university hospitals in Daegu and Busan, and six other university hospitals in Seoul were selected as sample hospitals. For data collection, questionnaires were self-reported to the subjects, under their agreement, from May to June, 2000. The following two instruments were used in the study: One was MBTI Test whose Korean version designed and verified to reliability and validity by Kim Jung Taek and Shim Hae Sook(1990): the other was the Nursing Job Satisfaction Instrument, 'The Index of Work Satisfaction' developed by Slavitt, et al.., (1978). The data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, one-way variance analysis, scheffe's post hoc contrast, and Pearson correlation coefficient with SPSS Win 10.0 program. The results this study were as follows ; 1. As a result of testing nurse's personality type by function at each career, it's found that the most personality type was expressed by the ST-type$(37.3\%)$ at 1-5 years, the SF-type$(29.4\%)$ at 6-10 years, the ST-type$(43.3\%)$ at more than 11 years. 2. As a result of testing the disparity in job satisfaction according to career, it appeared that the 6-10 years group showed higher job satisfaction, followed by the 6-10 years$(119.6\%),\;1-5 years(118.6\%)\;and\;more\;than\; 11 years(117.7\%)$ groups. 3. As a result of testing job satisfaction level according to nurse's personality type by function at each career, it's found that the most job satisfaction was expressed by the SF-type(F=8.50, p=0.00l) at 1-5 years. the ST-type(F=30.61, p=0.001) at 6-10 years. the SF-type(F=4.98, p=0.003) at more than 11 years groups. 4. As a result of testing a significant correlation between nurse's personality type by function and job satisfaction level. the SF(r=0.279, p=0.001) and ST(r=0.222, p=0.001) types showed significant positive correlation. and the NF(r=-0.201, p=0.001) and NT(r=-0.402, p=0.001) types revealed significant negative correlation. The nursing management is likely to be done more effectively, if managers in charge of nursing administration carefully reflect nurses' personal opinions in posting and personnel management, keeping in mind that there is a specific personality type that serves to raise job satisfaction at a specific career.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.175-186
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• 2008

Objective: To evaluate the discrepancies between initial STO and final STO in Class III malocclusions and to find which factors are related to the discrepancies. Methods: Twenty patients were selected for the extraction group and 20 patients for the non-extraction group. They were diagnosed as skeletal Class III and received presurgical orthodontic treatment and mandibular set-back surgery at Pusan National University Hospital. The lateral cephalograms were analyzed for initial STO (T1s) at pretreatment and final STO (T2s) after presurgical orthodontic treatment, and specified the landmarks 3s coordinates of the X and V axes. Results: Differences in hard tissue points (T1s-T2s) in the X coordinates of upper central incisor edge, upper first molar mesial end surface, lower central incisor apex, lower first molar mesial end surface and mesio-buccal cusp and Y coordinates of upper central incisor edge, upper central incisor apex, upper first molar mesio-buccal cusp were statistically significant in the extraction group. Differences in hard tissue points (T1s-T2s) in the X coordinates of upper central incisor edge, lower central incisor apex, lower first molar mesial end surface and Y coordinates of lower central incisor apex were statistically significant in the non-extraction group. In the extraction group, the upper arch length discrepancy (UALD) had a statistically significant effect on maxillary incisor and first molar estimation. Lower arch length discrepancy and IMPA had statistically significant effects on mandibular incisor estimation in both groups. Conclusions: Discrepancies between initial STO and final STO and factors contributing to the accuracy of initial STO must be considered in treatment planning of Class III surgical patients to increase the accuracy of prediction.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.571-578
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• 1996

Background : Long abscess is an accumulation of pus within a destroyed portion of the lung. Antibiotic therapy and postural drainge has proven to be an effective method of treatment for the majority of patients with pyogenic lung abscess. When medical therapy fails, thoracotomy and pulmonary resection are the current therapies. empyema is pus in the pleural space, and this term is deserved for effusions on which the Gram stain of the pleural fluid is positive. Initially, such collection may be drained via chest tribe. Recently, in patients who are judged to be unsuitable for surgery are in poor condition, percutaneous drainage using pig-tail catheter has been performed. We report out experience with 10 cases of lung abscess and 23 cases of empyema who were treated by percutaneous pit-tail catheter drainage. Subjects and Methods : Our study included 10 patients with lung abscess and 23 patients with empyema who were treated by percutaneous pig-tail catheter drainage, from January, 1990, to May, 1996, at Hanyang University then a pig-tail catheter was inserted into the abscess or the site of empyema under fluoroscopic and ultrasonograpic guidance. Following aspiration, the catheter was sutured into the skin, and connected to the suction tip. Catheter drainage was discontinued when the abscess of empyema was resolved in radiologically and clinically. Results : There were 2 cases of lung abscess caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae and 14 cases of empyema caused by M. tuberculosis. The others were unknown. The duration of drainage was 1-2 weeks in 7 cases of lung abscess and 14 cases of empyema. In the 29 of 33 patients, percutaneous drainage were carried out successfully 20 of the 29 Gases rapidly improved. Conclusion : Percutaneous drainge is effective and relatively saute for management of lung abscess or empyema refractory to medical therapy or poor candidates for surgical treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.718-725
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• 2018

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been implicated in cell proliferation and apoptosis in several types of cancer. In this study, the impact of TLR4 activation on apoptotic cell death in gynecologic cancers induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated. Cervical cancer cell lines were produced from isolated surgical specimens supplied by Paik Hospital. The primary cultures of normal myometrium and gynecologic cancers, including cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, were used to examine the differences in morphological characteristics between normal and cancerous cells. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to determine the relative expression levels of TLR4 gene involved in apoptosis-associated signaling in cervical cancer cells. The cancer cell colonies showed a tendency to reach high levels of confluency compared with normal cells. In addition, an enhanced growth rate and loss of contact inhibition were observed in gynecologic cancer cells compared with normal cells (doubling times of 16.6 hr vs. 26 hr, respectively). The expression level of ITGA5, an alpha-5 integrin marker, was upregulated in normal myometrial cells, but this tendency was not exhibited in cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, p53 tumor suppressor gene expression was upregulated, whereas TLR4 and caspase-3 gene expressions were downregulated in cervical cancer cells. Notably, the expression levels of TLR4 and caspase-3 were increased significantly in LPS-treated cancer cells compared with those in non-LPS-treated cells. These results suggest that the TLR4-mediated caspase-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway could be suggested as a therapeutic target for the treatment of gynecologic cancers, including cervical cancers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.334-342
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• 2000

Objectives . This study was conducted in order to investigate the degree of recognition, acceptability, and altitude towards day surgery of patients who were hospitalized with diseases that were candidates for day surgery; in order to analyze the average length of stay for treatment of the ailments; and to analyze the percentage of patients who could be discharged on the same day after the surgery ,using the post-anesthesia discharge scoring system. Methods : Data was collected between February 1 and March 31, 1999 from 353 patients who received surgery for cataract, adenoid hypertrophy, inguinal hernia, strabismus, ptosis, cholelithiasis, hemorrhoid, or anal fistula, at a general hospital in Daegu city. The patients were interviewed and surveyed by a post-anesthesia discharge scoring system(PADS) in order to collect data on patient condition such as vital signs, activity and mental status, pain, nausea and vomiting, surgical bleeding, intake and output after the surgery. Results : Among the 353 patients, 52.7% were after of the day surgery and 52.7% were interested in day surgery. Of the respondents, 43.1% said 'my ailment was not serious and the surgery was simple' and 30.4% said 'according to my condition rest at home was desirable' as the reasons for wanting day surgery Alternatively, 56.5% of those declining day surgery said the 'uncertainty of staying home' was the reason. The greatest concern in discharging within 24 hours after surgery was a post-op emergency situation. On the other hand, the shortened hospitalization was the largest advantage of day surgery with 39.1% responding this way, followed by the savings in hospitalization costs (25.8%) and emotional stability (13.7%). The majority of those surveyed (47.6%) believed that discharge should be determined within 1-2 days after the surgery. The average hospital stay was 3.1 days for dischargeable ailments. Pain (45.6%), nausea and vomiting (10.5%), and headache (7.9%) were the common symptoms following surgery. The percentage of patients who were able to be discharged within 24 hours after surgery revealed 95.2% were dischargeable after approximately 3 hours, 99.2% dischargeable after 12 hours, and 100% dischargeable after 24 hours. Conclusions : According to the PADS score, the cataract extract and strabismus correction patients were eligible for day surgery and the further evaluation concerning the reason for delayed recovery of the other diseases is needed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical findings, treatment, and outcome of patients with glassy cell carcinoma of cervix. Materials and Methods: We reviewed all cases of glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix confirmed and treated at the Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University, between January 1993 and December 2005. There were 7 cases with histopathologically confirmed gassy cell carcinoma. A tumor was diagnosed as glassy cell carcinoma if over 50% of the tumor cell type displayed glassy cell features. Six patients with stage IB had radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic node dissection, and 2 of them received adjuvant external pelvic irradiation with concurrent chemotherapy. Remaining one patient with stage IIA had curative concurrent chemoradiotherapy with external pelvic irradiation and brachytherapy. Results: There were 7 patients diagnosed as glassy cell carcinoma among the 3,745 (0.2%) patients of carcinoma of uterine cervix. The mean age of 7 patients was 44 years with range of 35 to 53 years of age. The most frequent symptom was vaginal bleeding (86%). By the punch biopsy undertaken before treatment of 7 cases, 2 only cases could diagnose as glassy cell carcinoma of uterine cervix, but remaining of them confirmed by surgical pathological examination. The mean follow up duration was 73 months with range of 13 to 150 months. All 7 patients were alive without disease after treatment. Conclusion: Glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a distinct clinicopathologic entity that demonstrates an aggressive biologic behavior. However for early-stage disease, we may have more favorable clinical outcome with radical surgery followed by chemoradiothery.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2006

Purpose: To evaluate the treatment outcome according to the salvage treatment modalities and identify the prognostic factors influencing the survival. Materials and Methods: Forty-five patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer treated between 1994 to 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Median time from initial surgery to loal recurrence was 16months. Of the patients, 25 (56%) recurred at presacral and perirectal space. Among the 18 (40%) patients who received salvage surgery, 14 patients were treated with postoperative chemoradiotherapy. Among 27 (60%) patients who didn't receive salvage surgery, 16 were treated with chemoradiotherapy and 11 were treated with radiotherapy alone. Radiotherapy was given with total dose ranging from 37.5 to 64.8 Gy. Results: Five-year locoregional progression-free survival rate and overall survival rate of all patents were 49.5% and 34.3%, respectively. The 5-year locoregional progression-free survival rate and overall survival rate of patients undergoing salvage surgery were 77.0% and 52.1% compared with 36.0% and 37.9% f3r patients treated with chemoradiotherapy and 0% and 0% for patients treated with radiotherapy alone, respectively. The 5-year locoregional progression free survival and overall survival of patients who recurred earlier than 24 months were higher (67.5% and 59.1%) than the other patients (39.5% and 24.9%). Among the 27 patients who didn't receive salvage surgery, there was no significant difference for locoregional progression free survival and overall survival between re-irradiated patients and radiation-naive patients. Conclusion: Surgical resection is preferred to treatment for locally recurrent rectal cancer. If salvage surgery is not possible, chemoradiotherapy may achieve higher locoregional progression free survival and overall survival than radiotherapy alone.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.474-482
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• 2012

Elongation of cheek teeth roots in pet rabbits is very common, and is associated with malocclusion followed by reduced appetite, salivation, periapical abscess, and epiphora. Conservative methods including medication, drainage, irrigation, tooth trimming, intraoral and extraoral extraction, surgical treatment of periapical abscessation, and diet control have been adapted as the only treatments to resolve elongation of teeth roots. However, remaining challenges include the long-term period of cure and recurrence. This study was performed to investigate the possibility of nonvital pulp therapy on elongation of the mandibular cheek teeth roots in pet rabbits. Thirty-one pet rabbits with dental problems due to root elongation were submitted. Ten pet rabbits among them were treated by nonvital pulp therapy procedures (group A), while the others were treated by conservative methods (group B). Appetite improved within 1-5 days after nonvital pulp therapy and the treatment was discontinued 1 month postoperatively in group A. Abscess occurred in another site not treated with nonvital pulp therapy in only two rabbits. Growth of the mandibular cheek teeth treated with nonvital pulp therapy stopped, resulting in malocclusion, intraoral inflammation from the enamel spur, and abscess of the teeth roots. In the group B rabbits treated with conservative therapy, partial drainage, long term medication, recurrent oral trimming and control of repeated oral inflammation occurred. Consequently, buccotomy or tooth extraction was performed in group B. Owners were satisfied with nonvital pulp therapy preventing dental root abscess and repeated troubles including inflammation and malocclusion and reduction of the treatment period. These results suggest that nonvital pulp therapy can be performed on pet rabbits with elongation of mandibular cheek teeth roots.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 2003

Bovine pericardium fixed in glutaraldehyde solution (GA) has been one of the most popular surgical bioprosthesis, however, late calcific degeneration after implantation remains to be solved. To mitigate calcific degeneration, we posttreated the bovine pericardium with amino acids after GA fixation. Material and Method: 40 small pieces of bovine pericardia were fixed in 0.625% GA solution with 4 g/L $MgCl_26H_2O$as a control group (group 1). 40 pieces fixed in the same GA solution were posttreated with 2% chitosan solution (group 2) and the other 40 pieces posttreated with 8% glutamate (group 3). These were implanted into the belly of forty Fisher 344 rats subdermally and extracted at f month, 2 months, 3 months and 4 months after implantation. Result: With atomic absorption spectrophotometry we measured the deposited calcium amount and the results were as follows; 2.01 $\pm$0.13 mg/g in group 1, 2.34$\pm$0.73 mg/g in group 2, 2.49$\pm$0.15 mg/g in group 3 at 1 month after implantation, and 3.57$\pm$0.15 mg/g in group 1, 3.52$\pm$0.92 mg/g in group 2, 3.46$\pm$0.12 mg/g in group 3 at the second month. But 5.45$\pm$0.42 mg/g in group 1, 3.22 $\pm$1.31 mg/g in group 2 and 4.20$\pm$0.55 mg/g in group 3 at the 3rd month, which have statistical significance in group 2 (p<0.05). Finally at 4th month, 6.01$\pm$1.21 mg/g in group 1, 3.78$\pm$1.82 mg/g in group 2, 3.92$\pm$0.92 mg/g in group 3, which also have statistical significance (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This means posttreatment with 2% chitosan shows meaningful calcium mitigation effects after 3rd month on subcutaneously implanted bovine pericardium in the rat models but 8% glutamate shows mitigation effect after 4months in this experiment.