• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2019

Following the first successful trial of surfactant replacement therapy for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) by Fujiwara in 1980, several animal-derived natural surfactants and synthetic surfactants have been developed. Synthetic surfactants were designed to overcome limitations of natural surfactants such as cost, immune reactions, and infections elicited by animal proteins contained in natural surfactants. However, first-generation synthetic surfactants that are protein-free have failed to prove their superiority over natural surfactants because they lack surfactant protein (SP). Lucinactant, a second-generation synthetic surfactant containing the SP-B analog, was better or at least as effective as the natural surfactant, suggesting that lucinactant could act an alternative to natural surfactants. Lucinactant was approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration in March 2012 as the fifth surfactant to treat neonatal RDS. CHF5633, a second-generation synthetic surfactant containing SP-B and SP-C analogs, was effective and safe in a human multicenter cohort study for preterm infants. Many comparative studies of natural surfactants used worldwide have reported different efficacies for different preparations. However, these differences are believed to due to site variations, not actual differences. The more important thing than the composition of the surfactant in improving outcome is the timing and mode of administration of the surfactant. Novel synthetic surfactants containing synthetic phospholipid incorporated with SP-B and SP-C analogs will potentially represent alternatives to natural surfactants in the future, while improvement of treatment modalities with less-invasive or noninvasive methods of surfactant administration will be the most important task to be resolved.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1240-1247
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• 2019

This study was conducted to examine the inactivation effect of the combined treatment of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP; 400 MPa for 1, 3, and 5 min) and cationic surfactant washing (0.05% benzethonium chloride, BEC) against Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on fresh-cut broccoli (FCB). Washing with BEC at concentrations exceeding 0.05% resulted in 2.3 log-reduction of L. monocytogenes counts on FCB, whereas HHP treatment had approximately 5.5-5.6 log-reductions regardless of the treatment time. Scanning electron microscopy corroborated microbial enumeration, revealing that the combined treatment was more effective in removing L. monocytogenes from FCB than individual treatment with HHP or BEC. Color and total glucosinolate content were maintained after the combined treatment, although the hardness of the FCB slightly decreased. The results clearly suggest that the combined treatment of HHP and BEC washing has potential value as a new sanitization method to improve the microbial safety of FCB.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2002

본 연구는 유류 화합물 중 대표적인 소수성 유기 오염물인 phenanthrene으로 오염된 세립질 지반을 실내에서 인위적으로 조성하여 Electrokinetic 정화 처리를 실시하였고, 또한 향상기법으로 계면활성제를 적용하여 정화효율과 거동을 분석하였다. 비향상된 EK 정화 처리에서는 phenanthrene의 이동은 거의 발생하지 않았고, 계면활성제를 이용한 향상기법에서는 양극(+) 근처의 phenanthrene이 음극(-)쪽으로 이동하여 누적되었다. 또한, 계면활성제의 농도가 높을수록 이동 현상이 크게 나타났으며, 시간을 증가할수록 누적된 phenenthrene이 음극(-)저수조로 전기삼투 흐름에 의해 제거되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.333-338
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• 2014

This study identifies the effects of sodium sulfate and surfactants in the papain treatment of wool fabrics using L-cysteine and EDTA as activators. The research method involves the use of 2% L-cysteine and 7% EDTA as activators at optimal conditions, papain treatment of wool fabrics with the joint use of sodium sulfates and surfactants, and measurements of the weight loss rate, tensile strength, and whiteness. Results showed that for both 2% L-cysteine and 7% EDTA, the maximum papain activity appeared at 0.5% sodium sulfate concentration. In both cases, the papain activity was enhanced at sodium sulfate concentrations lower than 0.5%. In contrast, the papain activity declined at sodium sulfate concentrations higher than 0.5%. The joint use of EDTA with 0.5% sodium sulfate was proven to be very effective in improving the papain activity. The joint use of 2% L-cysteine with 0.5% sodium sulfate appeared slightly effective in improving the activity but resulted in excessive decrease in the tensile strength and whiteness, compared to improvement in the activity. The joint use of surfactants, in the case of L-cysteine, interrupted the papain activity and decreased the tensile strength regardless of the surfactant type and concentration. In the case of EDTA, however, the joint use with 0.1-5% non-ionic surfactants, 0.1-0.5% anionic surfactants, and 0.1% cationic surfactant appeared to improve the papain activity. The maximum papain activity was observed when 0.1% of surfactant was used, regardless of the surfactant type. The nonionic surfactant was the most effective in improving the papain activity.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.363-375
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• 2019

Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) is a surfactant-based separation technique and has been investigated for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. The performance of heavy metals removal from wastewater through MEUF relies on membrane characteristics, surfactant properties, various operational parameters including operating pressure, surfactant and heavy metal concentration, pH of the solution, temperature, and presence of dissolved solutes and salts. This study presents an overview of literature related to MEUF with respect to the all significant parameters including membranes, surfactants, operating conditions and MEUF hybrid processes. Moreover, this study illustrates that MEUF is an adaptable technique in various applications. Nowadays water contamination caused by heavy metals has become a serious concern around the globe. MEUF is a significant separation technique in wastewater treatment that should be acknowledged, for the reason that removal of heavy metals contamination even at lower concentrations becomes achievable, which is evidently made known in the presented review. Hybrid processes presented the better results as compared to MEUF. Future studies are required to continue the experimental work with various combinations of surfactant and heavy metals, and to investigate for the treatment of concentrated solutions, as well as for real industrial wastewater.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.639-646
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• 2019

Ink-jet printing is a manufacturing process technology that directly prints a digitalized design pattern onto a substrate using a fine ink jetting system. In this study, environmentally friendly yellow aqueous ceramic ink is synthesized by mixture of distilled water, yellow ceramic pigment and additives for ink-jet printing. The graft polymer, which combines electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance mechanism, is used as a surfactant for dispersion stability of aqueous ceramic ink. Synthesized ceramic ink with graft polymer surfactant shows better dispersion stability than did ceramic ink with PAA surfactant; synthesized ink also shows desirable ink-jet printability with the formation of a single ink droplet during printability test. Finally, ceramic ink printed on glass substrate and ceramic ink with graft polymer surfactant shows a high contact angle without surface treatment on glass substrate. Consequently, it is confirmed that the ceramic ink with graft polymer surfactant can achieve high printing resolution without additional surface treatment process.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.339-343
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• 2006

The aim of this paper is to improve moisture regain of PET fabrics using a lipase treatment. Effects of nine lipase sources, lipase activator and nonionic surfactant on moisture regain of PET fabrics are examined. Moisture regains of lipase-treated samples improve by two times in average compared with untreated and buffer-treated samples. Alkaline treatment creates larger pitting by more aggressive attack into fiber which is proved by SEM and water contact angle measurement. Moisture regain by alkaline treatment ($0.568%{\pm}0.08$) does not improve. However, lipase-treatment (L2 treatment) improves moisture regain up to 2.4 times ($1.272%{\pm}0.05$). Although lipase treatment is more moderate than alkaline treatment, lipase hydrolysis on PET fabrics improves moisture regain, efficiently. K/S values improved confirm that carboxyl and hydroxyl groups are produced on the surface of PET fabrics by lipase hydrolysis. Moisture regain and dyeability improve by lipase hydrolysis on PET fabrics.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2010

Ultrasound and Surfactant aided soil washing process has been shown to be an effective method to remove diesel from soils. The use of surfactants can improve the mobility of diesel in soil-water systems by increasing solubility of adsorbed diesel into surfactant micelles. However, a large amount of surfactant is required for treatment. In addition, synthetic surfactants, specially anionic, are more toxic and the surfactant wastewater is hard to treat by conventional wastewater treatments even by AOPs. Ultrasound improves desorption of the diesel adsorbed on to soil. The mechanisms are based on physical breakage of bonds by hot spot, directly impact onto soil particle surface, the fragmentation of long-chain hydrocarbons by micro-jet and microstreaming in the soil pores. The use of ultrasound as an enhancement method in both anionic and nonionic surfactant aided soil-washing processes were studied. And all experiments were examined proceeded under CMC surfactant concentration, frequency 35 khz, power 400 W, Soil-water ratio 1:3(wt%), particle size 0.24 ~ 2mm and initial diesel concentration. 20,000 mg/kg. Combination with ultrasound showed significant enhancements on all the processes. Especially, nonionic surfactant Triton-X100 with ultrasound showed remarkable enhancements and diesel removal rate enhanced by ultrasound helps desorpting of surfactant adsorbed onto soils which prevented decreasing surfactant activity.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.188-193
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• 2022

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common cause of hospitalization and death in preterm infants who require surfactant treatment and respiratory support. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) and the INtubation, SURfactant administration, and Extubation (INSURE) technique in preterm infants with RDS. Methods: In this clinical trial, 112 preterm infants born at 28-36 weeks of gestation and diagnosed with RDS randomly received 200-mg/kg surfactant by MIST or the INSURE method. In the MIST group, surfactant was administered using a thin catheter (5F feeding tube); in the INSURE group, surfactant was administered after intubation using a feeding tube and the tracheal tube was removed after positive pressure ventilation was started. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure was applied in both groups for respiratory support and the postprocedure clinical outcomes were compared. Results: The mean hospitalization time was shorter for infants in the MIST group than for those in the INSURE group (9.19±1.72 days vs. 10.21±2.15 days, P=0.006). Patent ductus arteriosus was less frequent in the MIST group (14.3% vs. 30.4%, P=0.041). Desaturation during surfactant administration occurred less commonly in the MIST group (19.6% vs. 39.3%, P=0.023). There were no significant intergroup differences in other early or late complications. Conclusion: These results suggest that surfactant administration using MIST could be a good replacement for INSURE in preterm infants with RDS since its use reduced the hospitalization time and the number of side effects.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1965-1970
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• 2009

본 연구는 면/키토산 혼방섬유에 펙티나제 처리시 계면활성제 전처리에 따른 영향을 알아보기 위해 감량률, 흡수속도, 염색성, 인장강도, 필링성 및 표면형태를 살펴보았다. 계면활성제 전처리 후 펙티나제 처리시 감량률은 약 1.5%였으며, 흡수속도는 계면활성제 전처리에 의해 크게 향상되었다. 인장강도와 필링성 측정결과 계면활성제 전처리에 따른 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 표면관찰 결과, LAS 전처리 후 펙티나제 처리한 면/키토산 혼방섬유의 표면에 계면활성제가 흡착됨을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 통해, 면/키토산 혼방섬유의 펙티나제 처리시 계면활성제 전처리는 면/키토산 혼방섬유의 흡수성과 염색성 향상에 효과적임을 확인하였다.