• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2015

Background Morphological changes that accompany aging, such as wrinkles and skin laxity, are particularly prominent on facial skin. Recently, facial rejuvenation using the hydrofilling effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler has been employed for improvement of skin texture. In this study, we studied rejuvenating effects of stabilized HA (Restylane Vital) through direct intradermal injections. Methods A total of 30 female patients underwent a series of procedures on face, including three sessions at intervals of four weeks. A total of 2 mL of Restylane Vital was injected along the whole face using an automatic injector. Improvement of skin surface roughness, elasticity, brightness, moisture, and fine wrinkles was evaluated. Patient satisfaction was evaluated, and pictures of patients were taken at each visit and 6 months after last treatment session. Scoring for each patient was performed by three doctors according in five subjects. Moisture, oil and elasticity were measured before the procedure and before the last treatment in 10 patients. Results The majority of patients (77%) were satisfied with the therapeutic outcomes. Approximately 66% of patients responded that the effects of this procedure persisted for longer than four months, and the majority of patients (77%) wanted to undergo this procedure again and would recommend this procedure to acquaintances. Regarding doctors' evaluation, scores for improvement of skin surface roughness, elasticity, and brightness were significantly higher than those for improvement of moisture and fine wrinkle. Conclusions Intradermal injection of HA can have a rejuvenating effect on dry and tired facial skin, especially in improvement of skin surface roughness.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.621-628
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• 2007

Nowadays, Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR) Cooler is one of the most favorite systems for reducing the generation amount of $NO_x$ and other particle materials from vehicles burning diesel as fuel. Efficiency of the system is mainly dependent on its heat transfer efficiency and this ability is affected by net heat transferring area of the system. For that reason, several types of heat transfer tube such as dimple, wrinkle and spiral types that have large net area are used. However, it is difficult to manufacture the rectangular tube with dimpled type structure because it experiences too much strain around the rectangular tube surface during the forming process. For that reason, in this study, numerical simulation for forming process of non-symmetric dimple shape on a thin sheet metal was carried out. Furthermore, theoretical forming limit curves(forming limit diagram, forming limit stress diagram) were proposed as criteria of formability evaluation. From the results of finite element simulation in view of stress and strain distribution, it is found that the designed process has robustness and feasibility to safely manufacture the dimpled rectangular tube.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.136-152
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to provide dress forms and jacket blocks for adult males based on the analysis of their somatotypes. As the result of the research conducted for this study that was based on 1290 males of 20 to 54 years-old, the shapes of adult male were 20 and each body shape was classified by size factor, height and chest girth. Also, master sizes were selected considering appearance frequency. XS type (master size: height 165cm and chest circumference 88cm), Yd type (master size: height 170cm and chest circumference 91cm), YI and AD2 types (master size: height 170cm and chest circumference 94cm) were selected to develop dress forms and their jacket blocks in this study. The procedure and results were follows; 1. The dress forms of XS, Yd, YI and AD2 types were produced base on means of 61 body measurements and cross sections of shoulder, chest, waist, hip of subjects belong to each somatotype. 2. New jacket blocks for XS, Yd, YI and AD2 types were developed based on the body surface developments through draping and the results of comparative investigation on the existing jacket blocks by wearing test. Also the drafting methods of new jacket blocks were provided. 3. The sensory evaluation by wearing test showed that the developed jacket blocks were estimated more highly in terms of chest's allowance, the front width's allowance, neck wrinkle, front allowance and overall appearance's fitness items than existing jacket blocks.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.1011-1021
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• 2002

쥐손이풀속(Genus Geranium) 40분류군에 대하여 종자산포형태에 따른 생식형질을 조사하고, 이들의 분류체계 및 진화경향성을 논의하였다. 종자산포시 분과와 까락이 탄력적으로, 위로 감겨 올라가면서 종자가 산포되는 Geranium아속과 종자산포시 분과와 까락이 완전히 분리되어 종자가 산포되는 Robertium아속으로 구분된다. Geranium아속은 다시 종자를 일시적으로 유지해 주는 분과의 부속체기저부에 강모가 있는 Geranium절, 포크형태와 같은 갈고리 모양의 Dissect절. 강모나 갈고리형의 부속 체를 가지고 있지 않지만 분과가 비틀어지면서 종자를 유지해 주는 Tuberosa절로 분류되어진다. Robertium아속은 종자산포시 종자가 까락과 중심주로부터 모두 분리되면서 분과의 표벽이 심하게 주름이 지는 Ruberta절과 분과의 표벽에 주름이 없는 Batrachioides절과 Triloph절로 나어진다. 종자산포방식에 따르면 Geranium아속이 Robertium 아속보다 더 진화한 분류균으로 생각된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 하고초(Prunella vulgaris) 추출물의 항노화 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 시험 결과, 하고초 추출물의 콜라겐 생성 촉진 효과는 250 ${\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 75.7%, MMP-1 생성 억제 효과는 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 90.2%로 나타났고, 엘라스테이즈 활성 억제 효과는 2.0% 농도에서 43.7%로 나타났다. 또한, 하고초 추출물의 항산화 효과 측정을 위한 자유 라티칼 소거 효과 시험 결과 2.0% 농도에서 76.9%의 소거 효과를 나타내었으며, 과산화수소에 의한 세포사멸 억제 효과는 2.0% 농도에서 49.9%로 나타났다. 하고초 추출물의 피부에 대한 영향을 알아보기 위하여 22명(연령분포 : 34세$\sim$48세)의 지원자를 대상으로 실시한 이중 맹검 임상 연구 결과, 하고초 추출물 4.0% 함유 제형을 12주간 도포하였을 때, 대조군과 비교하여 전문가의 육안평가, 모사판을 제작하여 주름의 정도를 분석한 결과 주름 개선에 현저한 효과가 있음을 확인하였다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과를 통해 하고초 추출물은 피부의 탄력과 주름을 효과적으로 개선함으로써, 천연 항노화 소재로 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2018

즉각 리프팅 화장품은 피부 표면에 주름을 펴주는 다양한 필름 형성제를 함유하고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 필름 형성 고분자는 점착성이 있으며, 피부에 문지르면 밀려 나오는 현상이 있다. 본 연구에서는 신속한 박막 형성 효과가 있는 규산나트륨이 피부 표면에 미치는 영향 및 즉각적인 주름 감소 효과에 초점을 두었다. 물유리 또는 가용성 유리로도 알려진 규산나트륨은 산화나트륨과 실리카를 함유한 화합물이다. 규산나트륨은 물에 쉽게 용해되어 알칼리성 용액을 생성하는 흰색 분말이다. 규산나트륨은 중성 및 알칼리성 용액에서 안정적이며, 규산나트륨 용액은 공기 중에서 건조되어 경화되고 박막을 신속하게 형성한다. 해당 용액을 피부에 도포할 경우, 물 증발 및 이온 결합 재형성에 의해 얇은 막이 형성된다. 또한 피부 표면에 강한 실록산(Si-O) 결합을 형성한다. 이러한 고착성을 화장품에 적용하면 탁월한 피부 수축 효과를 나타낼 수 있다. 규산나트륨 용액은 적절한 농도로 배합될 경우, 피부에 필름을 형성하여 리프팅 효과를 제공할 수 있다. 그러나 높은 농도의 규산나트륨이 적용될 경우, 피부 자극을 일으킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 끈적임이 없고, 밀림 현상이 없는 피부 탄력 관리 제형을 개발하기 위해 규산나트륨의 농도 및 다른 고정제와의 바람직한 조합을 연구했다. 규산나트륨과 다양한 증점 시스템을 사용하여 즉각적인 리프팅 효과가 있는 젤 제형을 개발했다. 다양한 증점제 중에서 알루미늄 마그네슘 실리케이트는 단시간에 느껴지는 리프팅 효과를 위해 규산나트륨과 가장 우수한 상용성을 지닌다. 즉각적인 물리적 리프팅 젤은 피부 임상 시험을 통해 낮은 자극성을 지니고 있음을 확인했다.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2015

황칠원액을 에탄올로 추출한 황칠의 essential oil을 올레핀 메타테시스(olefin metathesis) 반응의 하나인 ROMP(ring opening metathesis polymerization)법을 이용하여 경화 반응을 수행하였으며, 자연 경화 및 UV 광경화법의 경화 특성 및 경화된 필름의 물성에 대해서 비교 연구하였다. 경화 전후의 황칠의 조성 변화에 대해서 가스 크로마토그래피 질량분석법(GC-MS, gas chromatography mass spectrometry)을 통해 연구하였으며, ROMP법에 의해 경화된 필름의 겔 함량(gel contents, 40%)은 자연 경화(8%)나 UV 광경화법(25%)에 비해 높은 값을 보여주었다. $100^{\circ}C$의 온도 및 2 wt%의 Grubbs' catalyst 조건에서 ROMP 경화반응은 2 h 이내의 경화 반응이 완료되어 자연 경화에 비해 비교적 빠른 경화 속도를 보여주었으며, UV 광경화법에 비해 주름이 없으며 외관상 균일한 도막이 형성됨을 확인하였다. 또한 기존에 경화반응에 참여하는 것으로 알려져 있는 폴리아세틸렌계 성분 이외에 sesquiterpene류인 ${\alpha}$-selinene, ${\beta}$-selinene, ${\delta}$-cadinene 등도 ROMP 경화 반응에 참여함을 확인하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 1989

In the part 1 and 2, relations were found between fundmental mechanical properties and primary hand values, performance of Korean women's summer and fall & winter fabrics. In this paper, in order to investigate the hand values and mechanical properties such as tensile, shearing, bending, compression, surface and thickness & weight of the core-spun yarn woven fabrics for Korean folk clothes were measured by KES-F system. The experimental results are statistically analyzed in the aspects of the mechanical properties, their effects on the hand values, formation of weared clothes and transformation behavior. The correlation in the hand values are analyzed, too. Furthermore, there mechanical properties are discussed in comparison with those values for kimono fabrics. The main results are summarized as follows: 1. The core-spun yarn woven fabrics for Korean folk clothes have box-shaped silhouette based on higher bending rigidity and shear elasticity. 2. The core-spun yarn woven fabrics for Korean folk clothes are inferior to silk fabrics, superior to polyester fabrics in formation. 3. A drapability and wrinkle recovery of core-spun yarn woven fabrics for Korean folk clothes formation for weared clothes are inferior to polyester fabrics, superior to silk fabrics. 4. A primary factor of mechanical properties contribute to the hand values of core-spun yarn woven fabrics for Korean folk clothes are same as the Korean women's winter fabrics, except for flexibility with soft feeling. 5. As for the hand values of core-spun yarn woven fabrics for Korean folk clothes, stiffness, anti-drape stiffness are superior to those of polyester fabrics. And also, flexibility with soft feeling, scrooping feeling of core-spun yarn woven fabrics have greater values as compared with silk fabrics for Korean folk clothes.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2015

The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential benefits of an oral supplement containing porcine placenta extract (PPE) on skin parameters related to cutaneous physiology and aging. PPEs were administered orally to hairless mice for 12 wk. The effects of oral PPE administration on skin water-holding capacity and Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) were similar to those of oral collagen (HYCPU2) administered as a positive control. Magnified photographs and replica images showed a reduction in UVB-induced wrinkle formation after collagen and PPE treatments. PPE treatments ameliorated the thicker skin surface that results from UVB exposure, based on a histological examination of skin tissue. The groups that were orally administered PPE (0.05%, OL; 0.1%, OH group) showed significantly reduced Matrix Metaloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA expression levels compared with the UVB control (Con), by 33.5% and 35.2%, respectively. The mRNA expression of another collagen-degrading protein, MMP-9, was also significantly lower in the groups that received oral administration of PPE (especially in the OH group) than in the control group. Additionally, oral administration of PPE significantly upregulated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and -2 mRNA expression levels compared with expression levels in the control group (p<0.05). This indicates that orally administered PPE activated the expression of Timp-1 and -2, inhibitors of MMP, which is responsible for collagen degradation in skin. Taken together, we propose that long-term oral administration of PPE might have a beneficial effect with respect to skin photo-aging.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.695-707
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• 2016

This study presents quantitative evaluation standards for the shape fitness test, conducted in the process of the slacks fit test. This study aims to quantify appearance sensory test of slacks for the objectification of qualitative evaluation methods in existing shape fitness tests. The subjects were women of standard body type between the ages of 18 and 24. Slacks differing in their ease in waist girth, hip girth, crotch length and knee length were designed to test their shape fitness. The gap volume distribution between the body and slack, angle of the baseline by body part, and ratio of total thickness from the sideline using 3D human body scan data (which reflect the results of the appearance sensory test) were presented as quantitative evaluation standards. There were less wrinkles in the wrinkle/overstretch and ease categories of the appearance sensory test; in addition, ease was adequate and small enough to comfortably perform basic human activities in the standing upright posture. The gap volume distribution analysis between body and slacks showed that curves increased in the slacks surface along with an increase of ease in slacks and suggested that wrinkles also increased. In the baseline's horizontal categories in terms of a $0^{\circ}$ horizontal angle, the range of angles were evaluated as adequate by the clothing expert group. The total thickness ratio of 0.5:0.5 divides into the sideline from the baseline.