Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/JES.2002.11.10.1011

A morphological study of Geranium (Geraniaceae) on the fruit-discharge type  

박선주 (영남대학교 생명공학연구소)
김주환 (대전대학교 생명과학부)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Science International / v.11, no.10, 2002 , pp. 1011-1021 More about this Journal
Abstract
Fruit-discharge type of forty species of Asian Geranium were examined and their evolutionary trends and taxonomic system were discussed. Two main types of seed discharge in Geranium are made the basis of its divison into subgenera: Geranium subgenus Geranium, with a ballistic expulsion of the seed from mericarp, Geranium subgenus Robertium, with forcible discharge of the mericarp with the seed in it, separately from the awn. Variants of the seed ejecting type permit the division of Geranium subgenus Geranium into three sections. Section Ceranium, these has bristles at the base of the mericarp for prevent the seed from dropping from the divergent mericarp. Section Dissect, these has prongs at the base of the mericarp far prevent the seed from dropping from the divergent mericarp. Section Tuberosa, these has no bristles and prongs at the base of the mericarp, instead, retained of seed in pre-explosive interval by twist. Geranium subgenus Robertium was divided into two sections, Section Ruberta, with deeply wrinkled on the surface of mericarp at the time of discharge. Section Batrachioides, and section Trilopha, without wrinkle on the surface of mericarp at the time of discharge. According to the seed discharge, subgenus Geranium is thought to be more advanced than subgenus Robertium.
Keywords
Geranium; Fruit-discharge; Mericarp; Awn; Evolutionary trends;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Steinbrink, C., 1878, Untersuchungen uber das Aufspringen einiger trocken Pericarpien, Botanische Zeitung, 36, 609-613
2 Lawrence, G. H. M., 1951, Taxonomy of Vascular Plants, Oxford & McMillan Co. 551pp.
3 Knuth, R., 1912, Geraniaceae, Das Pflanzenreich, Leipizig, Berlin, 43-221pp.
4 Park, S., 1997, A taxonomic study on the genus Geranium L. in Asia, Ph. D. thesis, Korea University, Seoul.(in Korean)
5 Robertson, K. R., 1972, The genera of the Geraniaceae in the southeastern United States, Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 53, 182-201.
6 Edgeworth, A. L. S. and F. Hook, 1874, Geraniaceae, British and India, London, 426-433pp.
7 Hutchison, J., 1909, The Families of Flowing Plants I. Dicotyledons, McMillan and Co. Ltd. London. 494-496pp.
8 Core, E. L., 1955, Plant Taxonomy, Prentice-Hall, INC., Virginia, 339-341pp.
9 Thomas, G. S., 1960, 'Geranium for ground cover' Gardeners chronicle, London, 147, 480-1, 504, 508-9pp.
10 Porter, L. C., 1959, Taxonomy of Flowsering Plant, Prentice-Hall, INC., Sanfrancisco and London, 295-300pp.
11 Forty, J., 1980, A Survey of Hardy Geraniums in Cultivation., The Plantsman, London, 2, 67-68.
12 Hedlund, T., 1901, Om frukten hos Geranium bohemicum, Botaniska Notiser, 1901-1902, 1-39pp.
13 Yeo, P. F., 1985, Hardy Geranium, Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
14 Tokarski, M., 1972, Morphological and taxonomical analysis of fruits and seeds of the Europian and Caucasian species of the genus Geranium L. Monograpiae Botanicae, 36pp.
15 Willis, J. C., 1973, A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants & Fern, Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, 374-376pp.
16 Bobrov, E. G., 1949, Geraniaceae, Flora of U.S.S.R. Moscow, 14, 3-49.