• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.455-455
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• 2016

최근 기후변화로 빈번하게 발생하는 국지성 집중호우로 인해 홍수 피해가 증가하고 있으며, 이에 따라 유량 계측 자료의 필요성이 더욱 증대되고 있다. 현재까지 하천의 홍수 유량측정은 대부분 부자법에 의해 수행되어 왔지만, 측정 작업의 위험성이나 측정 정확도에 대해 여러 문제점이 지적되고 있다. 이에 비접촉식 측정 방법으로 안전하고 측정방식이 간편하며 높은 정확도를 갖춘 표면영상유속측정법(Surface Image Velocimetry, SIV)에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 다만 표면영상유속측정법의 경우 질 좋은 영상 촬영을 위해 밝은 빛이 필요하고, 일반적으로 매우 작은 규모의 하천을 제외하고는 영상 획득이 어렵다는 한계가 있다. 이와 같은 문제들을 해결하기 위해 최근 류권규 등(2015)은 영상 획득 장비로 원적외선 카메라의 적용성을 검토한 바 있다. 원적외선 카메라의 경우 별도의 조명을 필요로 하지 않기 때문에 주야간 구분 없이 사용 가능하다는 장점이 있으며 실제 하천에서 홍수와 함께 발생하는 안개의 영향 또한 받지 않아 고정식으로 설치하여 하천 유량측정 시스템을 구성하는 좋은 대안이 될 수 있음을 강조하였다. 다만, 원적외선 카메라는 야간에 적용시 주간과 비교하여 수표면의 움직임이 느리게 분석되는 경향이 있다고 하였다. 실험 결과를 보면, 소형 프로펠러 유속계로 측정한 수표면의 유속값에 비교하여 일반 캠코더 영상으로 산정한 유속 산정 결과의 상대오차는 최대 -10%인 반면, 원적외선 카메라 영상으로 산정한 유속 산정 결과의 오차는 -9%에서 -19%(주간), -10% 에서 -23%까지의 오차 범위를 나타내는 등 일반 캠코더에 비해 원적외선 카메라의 정확도가 다소 떨어지는 결과를 나타냈으며, 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 원적외선 영상의 명암값 분포 차이를 해결하기 위해 영상 처리 기법에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것이라고 하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 원적외선 영상에 대한 다양한 영상 개선을 통해 표면영상유속계의 유속 측정 정확도를 높이고자 하였다. 이를 위해 우선, 적정 해상도와 시간간격을 제시하였으며, 영상의 색 보정과 영상 강화 등의 영상 개선을 통해 원적외선 영상을 이용한 유속 산정 정확도를 향상하였고, 마지막으로 다양한 야간 하천 흐름 조건에 적용하여 원적외선 영상을 활용한 표면영상유속계의 유속 측정 정확도를 높이고자 하였다.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.411-420
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• 2017

This research aims at comparing the accuracy of flood discharge estimation. For this, we focused on the Oedo watershed of Jeju Island and compared flood discharge by analyzing the values as follows: (1) the concentration of the lumped model (HEC-HMS) and distributed model (Vflo), and (2) the in-situ data using Fixed Surface Image Velocimetry (FSIV). The flood discharge estimation from the HEC-HMS model is slightly larger than the Vflo model results. This result shows that the estimations of the HEC-HMS are larger than the flood discharge data by 4.43 to 36.24% and that of the Vflo are larger by 8.49 to 11%. In terms of the error analysis at the peak discharge occurrence time of each mapping, HEC-HMS is one hour later than the measured data, but Vflo is almost the same as the measured data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2010

An experimental study to evaluate dynamic structures of flow and turbulence characteristics in bubble-driven liquid flow in a rectangular tank with a varying flow rate of compressed air is conducted. Liquid flow fields are measured by time-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) with fluorescent tracer particles to eliminate diffused reflections, and by an image intensifier to acquire enhanced clean particle images. Instantaneous vector fields are investigated by using the two frame cross-correlation function and bad vectors are eliminated by magnitude difference technique. By proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis, the energy distributions of spatial and temporal modes are acquired. When Reynolds number increases, bubble-induced turbulent motion becomes dominant rather than the recirculating flow near the side wall. The total kinetic energy transferred to the liquid from the rising bubbles shows a nonlinear relation regarding the energy input because of the interaction between bubbles and free surface.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.345-359
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• 2008

An experimental investigation of the flow over the rectangular body located in close proximity to a ground board was reported using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. The present experiments were conducted in a closed-loop open surface water channel with the Reynolds number, $Re_H=1.2{\times}10^4$ based on the model height. In addition to the PIV measurements, flow visualization studies were also carried out. The PIV technique provided instantaneous and time-averaged velocity vectors map, vorticity contours, streamline topology and turbulent quantities at various locations in the near wake. In the vertical symmetry plane, the upperbody flow is separated from the sharp top leading edge of the model and formed a large reverse flow region on the upper surface of the model. The flow structure downstream of the model has asymmetric double vortices. In the horizontal symmetry plane, identical separated flow regions occur on both vertical side walls and a pair of primary recirculatory bubbles dominates the wake region.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.551-559
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• 2014

The influence of the battle damage hole on the velocity and vorticity flow field have been studied by using particle image velocimetry. Time averaged velocity and vorticity vector fields in the vicinity of jet are presented. The perforated damage hole on a wing created from a hit by anti-air artillery was modeled as a 10% chord size hole which positioned at quarter chord. At low angles of attack, the vorticity in the forward side of the jet is cancelled due to mixing with the wing surface boundary layer. Stretching of vorticity in the backside of the jet generates a semi-cylindrical vortical layer that enclosing a domain with slow moving reverse flow. Conversely, at higher the angles of attack, the jet vorticity advected away from the wing surface and remains mostly confined to the jet. The mean flow behind the jet has a wake-like structure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2017

In order to understand the efficacy of submerged breakwater constructed for the beach protection, laboratory experiments were carried out by observing the characteristics of flow around a single shore-parallel submerged breakwater. The velocity field near the shoreline was measured by utilizing the LSPIV (Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry) technique, and mean surface and wave height distributions were observed around the submerged breakwater, according to various combinations of incident waves and submerged breakwaters. In this experiment, it was found that the mean flow pattern behind the submerged breakwater was determined by the balance among the gradients of mean water surface and excess wave-momentum flux (i.e., radiation stress tensors) which interact with the wave-induced current developed by the gradients on the rear and the side of the submerged breakwater. The divergent and convergent flow patterns behind the submerged breakwater (i.e., accretion and erosion response) of the numerical study of Ranasinghe et al.(2010) were observed in the measured velocity distributions, and their empirical formula mostly agreed with the experimental results. However, for some cases in this experiment, it was difficult to say that the flow pattern was one of them and was agreed with the empirical formula.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2011

In physical engineering, the turbulent flow on the surface roughness is very important. With the welding, design and paint, the hull surface roughness at each stage in the various aspects are important factors to be considered. In this study, the hull surface roughness geometry that was generalized to the PIV was applied to the tank test. The roughness of the surface changed the distance of the interval. Experimental velocity is Re = $1.1{\times}10^4$, Re = $2.0{\times}10^4$ and Re = $2.9{\times}10^4$. The turbulent intensity at the time-average were examined The roughness coefficient occurred with increasing turbulence intensities was stronger. The turbulence intensity away from the roughness in the shape was zero. The variation of turbulence intensity at the experimental flow conditions change was not affected.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 2012

The main objective of the present study is to investigate the roles of the micro-dimpled surface on the drag reduction. To investigate the effectiveness of the micro-dimpled surface, the flat plates are prepared. The micro-size dimples are directly carved on the metal surface by ultrasonic nano-crystal surface modification (UNSM) method. Momentum of the main flow is increased by the dimple patterns within the turbulent boundary layer (TBL), however, there is no significant change in the turbulence intensity in the TBL. The influence of dimple patterns is examined through the flow field survey near the flat plate trailing edge in terms of the profile drag. The wake flow velocities in the flat plate are measured by PIV technique. The maximum drag reduction rate is 4.6% at the Reynolds number of $10^6{\sim}10^7$. The dimples tend to increase the drag reduction rate consistently even at high Reynolds number range.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2000

An experimental study has been carried out at circulating water channel to investigate the non-breaking and breaking waves generated by a submerged circular cylinder steadily moving under the free surface. Free surface profiles and pressure distributions on cylinder surface were measured at various submerged depths of cylinder. They were complemented by the measurements of velocities, head losses and turbulence intensities in the wakes of body and "breaker". Part 1 of this three-part paper describes the experimental arrangement and the patterns of wave profile and pressure distribution at various depths of submergence. These databank contributions are of special interest in traditional ship hydrodynamics. In Part 2, special focuses are made to elucidate the viscous and turbulent aspects of flow field. Finally Part 3 will deal with the visualization of instantaneous vortical flow to study the mutual interaction between vorticies shedded from the free-surface and the cylinder using a Particle Image Velocimetry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.389-391
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• 2010

The Free surface influenced the wake behind a circular cylinder and its effects were investigated experimentally in a circulating water channe with the variation of water depth Instantaneous velocity fields were measured in this paper. the measured results has been compared with each other to investigate the flow characteristics of the circular cylinder's 2-dimensional section at $Re=1.0\times10^3$ using 2-frame grey level cross correlation PIV method. The flow around the circular cylinder with free surface affected the wake structure. especially, in case of d=1.0D, the boundary layer was measured in the whole area. The separation point and boundary layer of the circular cylinder could be controlled by the water depth.