• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 1997

본 연구는 자유표면 인삭을 위한 실험 기법 개발에 관한 연구이다. 2차원 수중익에 의해 발생되는 자유표면파를 연구대상으로 삼았다. 실험은 회류수조에서 행하였다. NACA 0012 수중익을 여러가지 길이와 2가지양각에 대해서 실험한 결과 생기는 비선형 자유표면 파를 인식할 수 있도록 영상처리 기술을 도입하였다. 실헙결과 얻은 자유표면 형상을 다른 연구자의 결과와 비교하였다. 비교결과 영상처리의 기법이 자유표면을 인식하는데 대단히 유용한 도구임을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.340-340
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• 2012

하천의 정밀한 유량관측은 수자원의 확보 및 효율적인 관리에 가장 기본적으로 수행되어야 하며 하천유량측정에 사용되는 기존의 방법으로는 유속계를 이용하여 평수기 때의 유속을 관측하는 방법과 홍수기시에 봉부자를 이용한 관측방법이 널리 이용되어 왔다. 하지만 기존의 관측방법은 경제성 및 효율성면에서 뒤떨어지기 때문에 새로운 측정방법을 개발하기 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 최근에는 한국수자원공사에서 개발된 전자파표면유속계를 이용하여 홍수유량을 관측하는 방법과 영상처리기술을 이용하여 관측하는 방법들이 다양하게 이용되고 있으며 본 연구에서는 표면영상유속계(SIV, Surface Image Velocimertry)를 이용하여 유량을 관측하였으며 동시에 전자파표면 유속계를 이용하여 관측된 값과 비교 분석하였다. 표면영상유속계(SIV, Surface Image Velocimertry)는 동영상 카메라를 이용하여 강이나 하천의 표면 유동을 촬영하고, 영상을 초당 30프레임으로 분석하여 변위를 구한다음 영상들의 시간 간격을 이용하여 최종적으로 표면 유속을 구하는 방법이다. 여기에 표면 유속과 평균 유속의 관계(노영신, 2005)를 이용하고, 하천 횡단면을 적용하여 유량을 산정하는 기법이다. SIV 기법을 이용하여 제주도 한천유역에 적용하여 전자파표면유속계의 관측 값과 비교한 결과 2~3m/s의 유속 분포를 보이고 있으며 통상적으로 관측된 홍수 유출시의 유속과 근사한 값을 보이고 있다. 향후 다양한 유출 사상에 대하여 SIV 기법을 적용하여 검증하고 동시에 다양한 유량 관측 기법과 비교 검토한다면 제주도의 체계적인 유량 관측 기술을 확립할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.799-815
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• 2016

In this study, according to the reference setting based on the runoff video of 9:00 where the highest water level of 3.94 m has been recorded during the runoff of Cheon-mi Stream in Jeju Island by the attack of Typhoon no. 16 Sanba on September $17^{th}$, 2012, the error rate of long-distance and short-distance velocimetry and real-distance change rate by input error have been calculated and the input range value of reference point by stream has been suggested. In the reference setting process, if a long-distance reference point input error occurs, the real-distance change rate of 0.35 m in the x-axis direction and 1.35 m in y-axis direction is incurred by the subtle input error of 2~11 pixels, and if a short-distance reference point input error occurs, the real-distance change rate of 0.02 m in the x-axis direction and 0.81 m in y-axis direction is incurred by the subtle input error of 1~11 pixels. According to the long-distance reference point setting variable, the velocity error rate showed the range of fluctuation of at least 14.36% to at most 76.06%, and when calculating flux, it showed a great range of fluctuation of at least 20.48% to at most 78.81%.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2011

This work studies the performance of an injector for a monopropellant thruster, comparing a conventional and new injector types. The conventional injector consists of 8 nozzles on a convex surface allowing the jet to be diverged. The new injector, we suggested, is an impinging type with nozzle holes on a concave surface. The fuel streams through the nozzle holes are collide at a point on an axial direction, which allow to atomize the liquid streams and to spray more uniformly along circular direction. The performance of the injectors is investigated by using computational fluid dynamics, particle image velocimetry and high speed camera visualization.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.599-614
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• 2022

One of the methods of stabilizing retaining walls, embankments, and deep excavations is the implementation of plate anchors (like the Geolock wall anchor systems). Back-to-back Mechanically Stabilized Earth (BBMSE) walls are common stabilized earth structures that can be used for bridge ramps. But so far, the analysis of the interactive behavior of two back-to-back anchored walls (BBAW) by double-plates anchors (constructed closely from each other and subjected to the limited-breadth vertical loading) including interference of their failure and sliding surfaces has not been the subject of comprehensive studies. Indeed, in this compound system, the interaction of sliding wedges of these two back-to-back walls considering the shear failure wedge of the foundation, significantly impresses on the foundation bearing capacity, adjacent walls displacements and deformations, and their stability. In this study, the effect of horizontal distance between two walls (W), breadth of loading plate (B), and position of vertical loading was investigated experimentally. In addition, the comparison of using single and equivalent double-plate anchors was evaluated. The loading plate bearing capacity and displacements, and deformations of BBAW were measured and the results are presented. To evaluate the shape, form, and how the critical failure surfaces of the soil behind the walls and beneath the foundation intersect with one another, the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique was applied. The experimental tests results showed that in this composite system (two adjacent-loaded BBAW) the effective distance of walls is about W = 2.5*H (H: height of walls) and the foundation effective breadth is about B = H, concerning foundation bearing capacity, walls horizontal displacements and their deformations. For more amounts of W and B, the foundation and walls can be designed and analyzed individually. Besides, in this compound system, the foundation bearing capacity is an exponential function of the System Geometry Variable (SGV) whereas walls displacements are a quadratic function of it. Finally, as an important achievement, doubling the plates of anchors can facilitate using concrete walls, which have limitations in tolerating curvature.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.98-106
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• 2007

The vortex flow characteristics of a double-delta wing, which can change the incidence angle of its apex strake was investigated through the wing-surface pressure measurement and the particle image velocimetry(PIV) measurement of the wing-leeward flow region. The apex strake has sharp edges and can change its incidence angle with a hinge line at the 23% chord position measured from the apex of the main wing. The present study revealed that the incidence-angle change of the apex strake could greatly alter the vortex flow pattern around the double-delta wing and the wing-surface pressure distribution, which suggested that the apex strake could be used as an effective device for the active control of delta-wing vortex flow.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.28-32
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• 2008

Contrary to the flow rate in fully filled pipe flows, the flow rate in partially filled pipe flows is significantly influenced by the variation of water level, channel slop, and so on. The major difference in these two flows results from the existence of a free surface. To make it clear, in the present study, a similarity of the velocity profile in a partially filled circular pipe has been investigated according to the water level. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was applied to measure the three-dimensional velocity profiles. As a result, there is found a similarity of the velocity profile near the central region. However, near the side wall, the similarity is broken due to the interaction between the wall and the free surface.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.537-546
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• 2014

Surface image velocimetry was introduced as an efficient and sage alternative to conventional river flow measurement methods during floods. The conventional surface image velocimetry uses a pair of images to estimate velocity fields using cross-correlation analysis. This method is appropriate to analyzing images taken with a short time interval. It, however, has some drawbacks; it takes a while to analyze images for the verage velocity of long time intervals and is prone to include errors or uncertainties due to flow characteristics and/or image taking conditions. Methods using spatio-temporal images, called STIV, were developed to overcome the drawbacks of conventional surface image velocimetry. The grayscale-gradient tensor method, one of various STIVs, has shown to be effectively reducing the analysis time and is fairly insusceptible to any measurement noise. It, unfortunately, can only be applied to the main flow direction. This means that it can not measure any two-dimensional flow field, e.g. flow in the vicinity of river structures and flow around river bends. The present study aimed to develop a new method of analyzing spatio-temporal images in two-dimension using cross-correlation analysis. Unlike the conventional STIV, the developed method can be used to measure two-dimensional flow substantially. The method also has very high spatial resolution and reduces the analysis time. A verification test using artificial images with lid-driven cavity flow showed that the maximum error of the method is less than 10 % and the average error is less than 5 %. This means that the developed scheme seems to be fairly accurate, even for two-dimensional flow.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.667-672
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• 2000

The Characteristics of the conical vortices on the roof surface of a low-rise building has been investigated by using a PIV(Particle Image Velocimerty) technique. The scaled model of TTU building with 1:92 scaling ratio was used. The Reynolds number based on the free stream velocity and the length of the model was $1.96{\times}10^5$. When the angle of attack for the building model is $45^{\circ}$, the conical vortices are occurred symmetrically and the center of vortices are changed with respect to the angle of the approaching flow. The rotating direction of the conical vortices found to be counter-rotating. The secondary vortex motions are investigated using the instantaneous flow field data.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.739-747
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• 2012

Due to the difficulties for measuring flood discharge in the dangerous field conditions, conventional instruments with relatively low accuracy such as float still have been widely utilized for the field survey. It is also limited to use simple stage-discharge relationship for assessment of the flood discharge, since the stage-discharge relationship during the flood becomes complicated loop shape. In recent years, various non-intrusive velocity measurement techniques such as electromagnetic wave or surface images have been developed, which is quite adequate for the flood discharge measurements. However, these new non-intrusive techniques have little tested in the flood condition, though they promised efficiency and accuracy. Throughout the field observations, we evaluated the validity of these techniques by comparing discharge and velocity measurements acquired concurrently during the flood in a mountain stream. As a result, the flood discharge measurements between electromagnetic wave and surface image processing techniques showed high positive relationship, but velocities did not matched very well particularly for the high current speed more 3 m/s. Therefore, it should be noted here that special cares are required when the velocity measurements by those two different techniques are used, for instance, for the validation of the numerical models. In addition, authors assured that, for the more accurate flood discharge measurements, velocity observation as well as stage height is strongly necessary owing that the unsteady flow occurs during the flood.