• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2015

The effects of e-beam irradiation on water-repellency and washing durability of water-repellent finished chemically-recycled PET(CR-PET) fabrics were investigated. As results, more doses of e-beam irradiation damaged the fabric surface more severely. It was thought because the high densed energy was formed, where the more e-beam was converged. The contact angle measurement showed that as the dose of e-beam irradiation increased, water wettability of the CR-PET fabric increased slightly. It was thought to be due that the surface etching by e-beam irradiation let water droplet permeate into the fabric surface better. The concentration of the water-repellent finishing agent was more important factor than curing temperature as finishing parameter. It was considered because the water-repellent finishing agent used in this study got to cure sufficiently at low temperature. Consequently, e-beam irradiation improved the washing durability of water-repellent finishing on the CR-PET fabrics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.7-8
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• 2017

As the importance of maintenance of reinforced concrete structure recently has emerged, the attention of durability of structure has been increasing. There are many studies about durability decline especially due to the carbonation. In order to study carbonation progress after surface repair of carbonated concrete, each carbonation penetration velocity from different repair materials of concrete structure is compared through the experiment of carbonation accelerating CO₂ concentration to 5%. As carbonation infiltration progress is predicted through this study, the counterplan of service life evaluation will be prepared on selection of repair materials of concrete structure.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2019

PURPOSE. Surface finishing of a zirconia restoration is essential after clinical adjustment. Herein, we investigated the effects of a surface finishing protocol for monolithic zirconia on final roughness and bacterial adherence. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Forty-eight disk-shaped monolithic zirconia specimens were fabricated and divided into four groups (n = 12) based on initial surface treatment, finishing, and polishing protocols: diamond bur+polishing bur (DP group), diamond bur+stone grinding bur+polishing bur (DSP group), no diamond bur+polishing bur (NP group), and no diamond bur+stone grinding bur+polishing bur (NSP group). Initial and final surface roughness was measured with a profilometer, and shown using scanning electron microscope. Bacterial adhesion was evaluated by quantifying Streptococcus mutans in the biofilm. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare results among groups, and two-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the effects of grinding burs on final roughness (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. The DP group had the highest final Ra value, followed by the DSP, NP, and NSP groups. Use of the stone grinding bur as a coarse-finishing step significantly decreased final Ra values when a diamond bur was used (P<.001). Omission of the stone grinding bur increased biofilm formation on specimen surfaces. Combining a stone grinding bur with silicone polishing burs produced the smallest final biofilm values, regardless of the use of a diamond bur in initial surface treatment. CONCLUSION. Coarse finishing of monolithic zirconia with a stone grinding bur significantly decreased final Ra values and bacterial biofilm formation when surfaces had been roughened by a diamond bur.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.66-74
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• 2008

Effect of disperse dyeing on flame retardant finishing of PET fabrics via UV curing using three UV curable phosphorous-containing methacrylates and ammonium polyphosphate(APP) was investigated. The dye fixation and flame retardancy of PET fabrics did not change significantly with excellent durability to five laundering cycles irrespective of the dyeing and finishing sequence. However, the flame retardancy of Pekoflam-treated fabrics was lower than that of the UV treated and decreased substantially when heat treatment was carried out before the dyeing. The dyeability of the flame-retardant PET fabrics was not affected in the case of UV curing of the methacrylates alone. However, UV finishing after the dyeing caused significant decrease in K/S and ${\Delta}E$ due to changed refraction and inherent color of surface coating of the UV curable monomers and APP. Whereas the heat treatment with Pekoflam decreased both color fastness to laundering and sublimation, surprisingly the UV finish of PET fabrics before and after the dyeing increased the color fastness probably resulting from the presence of photopolymerized surface layer on the fabrics.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.128-137
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• 2019

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different finishing and polishing techniques on water absorption, water solubility, and microhardness of ceramic or glass-polymer based computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials following thermocycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 150 disc-shaped specimens were prepared from three different hybrid materials and divided into five subgroups according to the applied surface polishing techniques. All specimens were subjected up to #4000 grit SiC paper grinding. No additional polishing has been done to the control group (Group I). Other polishing procedures were as follows: Group II: two-stage diamond impregnated polishing discs; Group III: yellow colored rubber based silicone discs; Group IV: diamond polishing paste; and Group V: Aluminum oxide polishing discs. Subsequently, 5000-cycles of thermocycling were applied. The analyses were conducted after 24 hours, 7 days, and 30 days of water immersion. Water absorption and water solubility results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests. Besides, microhardness data were compared by Kruskal-Wallis and MannWhitney U tests (P<.05). RESULTS. Surface polishing procedures had significant effects on water absorption and solubility and surface microhardness of resin ceramics (P<.05). Group IV exhibited the lowest water absorption and the highest microhardness values (P<.05). Immersion periods had no effect on the microhardness of hybrid ceramic materials (P>.05). CONCLUSION. Surface finishing and polishing procedures might negatively affect physical properties of hybrid ceramic materials. Nevertheless, immersion periods do not affect the microhardness of the materials. Final polishing by using diamond polishing paste can be recommended for all CAD/CAM materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.177-178
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• 2013

Steel structures of the seaside area are naturally led to surface corrosion due to incoming salt. Signature measures for this are to replace steel with steel material with a high corrosion-resistance and to block salt and other deteriorative factors beforehand through finishing work such as surface coating. However, the variety in steel materials, finishing type, and construction methods makes adhesive weight of incoming salt different depending on each type. For this research, measurement results derived from an enhancement experiment on artificial incoming salt adhesive to 4 steel finishing types and 2 material types identified a difference of adhesive weight by each sampler.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.115-121
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• 2010

This paper is an outgrowth of many years of practicing real interior work projects and one of my responses to the question not only about the actual dimension of interior work surface but also about the classification of contemporary finishing materials in basic interior project of high-rise apartment houses. For this purpose, 8 conventional apartment units which are already-built or designed have been surveyed and the results are interpreted in the form of proportion of space and finishes. The data can be applied to make up a schematic design in the selection of environment-friendly interior works and assessment of the degree of sustainability. For further study, the basic data provided here can be used as an index to differentiate the occupants' desire toward green interior design for their own apartment spaces, comparing to the conventional interior work in the Korean market. Not surprisingly, wall paper is dominated to make the interior surface in apartment houses. In the percentile of the utilization of finishing materials, wood-flooring and coating materials like wet paint also ranked at the upper position.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.522-529
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• 2011

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP), which have been developed for their high mechanical properties, are insufficient to secure machinery. This paper investigates the use of magnetic abrasive finishing methods and the characteristics of surface roughness for mirror machining of CFRP. The cylindrical surface of CFRP was ground using a diamond paste with sizes of 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 6${\mu}m$. Consequently, an effective surface roughness of 0.03${\mu}m(R_a)$ could be obtained via a paste size of 0.5${\mu}m$. The surface roughness was not improved due to epoxy abrasion between the carbon fiber and the epoxy.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1.1-1.12
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to test the effect of 2 finishing-polishing sequences (QB, combining a 12/15-fluted finishing bur and an EVO-Light polisher; QWB, adding a 30-fluted polishing bur after the 12/15-fluted finishing bur used in the QB sequence) on 5 nanotech-based resin composites (Filtek Z500, Ceram X Mono, Ceram X Duo, Tetric Evoceram, and Tetric Evoceram Bulk Fill) by comparing their final surface roughness and hardness values to those of a Mylar strip control group (MS). Materials and Methods: Twelve specimens of each nanocomposite were prepared in Teflon moulds. The surface of each resin composite was finished with QB (5 samples), QWB (5 samples), or MS (2 samples), and then evaluated (60 samples). Roughness was analysed with an optical profilometer, microhardness was tested with a Vickers indenter, and the surfaces were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) followed by the Dunn test. Results: For the hardness and roughness of nanocomposite resin, the QWB sequence was significantly more effective than QB (p < 0.05). The Filtek Z500 showed significantly harder surfaces regardless of the finishing-polishing sequence (p < 0.05). Conclusions: QWB yielded the best values of surface roughness and hardness. The hardness and roughness of the 5 nanocomposites presented less significant differences when QWB was used.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2024

In the case of apartment building, it is difficult to conduct non-destructive testing due to the actual presence of people and the dust and noise generated during the core test, so inspections are performed each time in the common area and underground parking lot, and the tests are conducted on the finishing material rather than on the concrete surface due to low-cost orders. As the process progresses, poor inspection is inevitable. In addition, the proposed formulas for strength estimation have large fluctuations depending on the differences in test conditions and environments, and even if they show the same measured value, the deviation between each proposed formula is large, making it difficult to accurately estimate strength, making it difficult to use. Accordingly, we would like to select finishing materials mainly used in apartment complexes and compare and evaluate the compressive strength of concrete according to the type of finishing material by using non-destructive testing methods directly on the finishing materials without removing the finishing materials. The reliability evaluation results of the estimated compressive strength of concrete using the ultrasonic velocity method according to the type of finishing material are as follows. The error rate between the estimated compressive strength and compressive strength derived through the ultrasonic velocity method shows a wide range of variation, ranging from 21.83% to 58.89%. The effect of the presence or absence of finishing materials on the estimated compressive strength was found to be insignificant. Accordingly, it is necessary to select more types of finishing materials and study ultrasonic velocity methods according to the presence or absence of finishing materials, and to study estimation techniques that can increase reliability.