• Advances in materials Research
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2012

Thermal reactive diffusion coating of vanadium carbide on DIN 2714 steel substrate was performed in a molten borax bath at $950-1050^{\circ}C$. The coating formed on the surface of the substrate had uniform thickness ($1-12{\mu}m$) all over the surface and the coating layer was hard (2430-2700 HV), dense, smooth and compact. The influence of the kinetics parameters, temperature and time, has been investigated. Vanadium carbide coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The corrosion resistance of the coating was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results obtained showed that decrease of coating microhardness following increasing time and temperature is owing to the coarsening of carbides and coating grain size.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.721-726
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• 2003

The Durability of Concrete Structure is serverely degraded due to mainly carbonation, sulfate attack and chloride ion diffusion in concrete. The ultimate purpose of this study is to obtain how much the durability of Concrete Structure is improved according to the variation of physical properties in concrete or the frequency of surface coating on concrete. Where, variation of physical properties is a water-cement ratio or amount of air. The experiments are the chliride ion diffusion test, the lapid corrosion test, the lapid carbonation test, the test on resistance to freezing and thawing. Finally, this study shows that the effect by the surface coating method is better than the variation of physical properties in concrete.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.29-35
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• 1996

Numerical solutions were obtained to the model equations for various parameters characterizing the pore structure, effective internal diffusion and the chemical reaction constant. The conversion was decreased with the cause of pore closure at the surface of reacting particles, reduction of porosity, surface area of reaction and effective diffusion coefficient in the solid with the progress of reaction. Total conversion was strongly depend on the local conversion at surface. According to the decreasing of impregnated concentration of the copper oxide and the increase of the flue gases concentration, total conversion was increased. And the conversion were affected by gas flow rate and pore size distribution of the reacting solid.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 1998

Vapor Axial Deposition (VAD), one of optical fiber preform fabrication processes, is performed by deposition of submicron-size silica particles that are synthesized by combustion of raw chemical materials. In this study, flow field is assumed to be a forced uniform flow perpendicularly impinging on a rotating disk. Similarity solutions obtained in our previous study are utilized to solve the particle transport equation. The particles are approximated to be in a polydisperse state that satisfies a lognormal size distribution. A moment model is used in order to predict distributions of particle number density and size simultaneously. Deposition of the particles on the disk is examined considering convection, Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis, and coagulation with variations of the forced flow velocity and the disk rotating velocity. The deposition rate and the efficiency directly increase as the flow velocity increases, resulting from that the increase of the forced flow velocity causes thinner thermal and diffusion boundary layer thicknesses and thus causes the increase of thermophoretic drift and Brownian diffusion of the particles toward the disk. However, the increase of the disk rotating speed does not result in the direct increase of the deposition rate and the deposition efficiency. Slower flow velocity causes extension of the time scale for coagulation and thus yields larger mean particle size and its geometric standard deviation at the deposition surface. In the case of coagulation starting farther from the deposition surface, coagulation effects increases, resulting in the increase of the particle size and the decrease of the deposition rate at the surface.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.522-528
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• 2003

콘크리트는 내구성이 우수하여 반영구적인 구조재료로 인식되어 왔으나, 최근에 들어 환경오염으로 인해 콘크리트 구조물의 내구성이 저하되어 사회적 문제가 되고 있다. 이러한 콘크리트 구조물의 성능저하 방지를 위하여 무기질 도료 및 표면처리 시스템을 이용하여 콘크리트 내구성능의 하나인 염해의 열화 방지에 대한 평가와 콘크리트 내구성 평가를 실시하였다. 이온확산 실험결과 도포된 모르타르시편에서 $Cl^-$ 이온의 용출을 억제하여 $Cl^-$ 이온의 투과량, 이온확산계수 및 겉보기계수가 도포되지 않은 모르타르시편보다 작게 나타났다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2007

This study used POM (Princeton ocean model) improved for applying to coastal area in order to predict the distribution of thermal waste water. This model was applied to the coastal circulation and the effect of thermal waste water of Cheonsu-Bay. So this study compared the discharge of thermal waste water with each layer and section. The tidal current was about 1.5 m/sec at surface level and 0.9 m/sec on bottom level at flood tide; tidal current was about 1.3 m/sec on surface level and 0.8 m/sec on bottom level at ebb tide. The method discharging the thermal waste water in the nearshore region (case 1) accelerates the diffusion of the thermal waste water in the north-south direction(longshore direction). However, the method discharge the thermal waster water in the offshore region (case 2) reduced the diffusion of the thermal waste water over the coastal region. According th the diffusion region of the thermal waste water with case 1 and case 2 at three different layers (surface, middle, bottom), the diffusion region by case 1 discharge method generally influenced wider region (twice) than the one by case 2 discharge method with lower temperature between $1^{\circ}C\;and\;2^{\circ}C$, whereas the case 2 discharge method influenced the deeper region (middle and botton layers) with higher change of the water temperature ($1{\sim}3^{\circ}C$).

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 1997

연안해역에서의 해상 운송량이 늘어남과 함께 유조선의 충돌 및 좌초 등의 해난사고에 의해 해양환경에 막대한 피해를 끼치는 원유 유출사고도 대폭 증가하고 있다. 누유의 효율적인 수거와 환경피해를 최소화 하기 위해서는 oil map 즉, 누유오염지역의 시간영역에서 정확한 예측이 매우 중요하다. 이러한 예측은 정수면위 누유의 초기확산과 조류, 바람 파도에 기인한 표층류에 의한 이동이라는 중요한 두가지 과정을 고려하여 이루어진다. 본 논문에서는 초기확산만을 고려하였다. 누유의 초기확산 추정을 위해 새로운 수치모델과 기법이 제안되었다. 본 모델의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 간단한 실험이 이루어졌다. 또한, 가상누유사고에 대해 수치 시뮬레이션을 수행하였는데 본 모델로 부터 기름층두께를 포함하는 매우 현실적인 oil map을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 1998

In this study, the behaviorof ion nitriding of AISI 304 stainless steel was investigated using plasma ion nitriding system. The characteristics of ion nitriding, and their micsoctrucyures, and physical properties were investigated as a function of process parmeteds. important conclusions can be summarzied as follows. Firstly, it was found that growth of nitride layer in ion nitriding are mainly affected by N2 partial pressures and nitriding temperatures for AISI 304 stainless steel. The $N_2$<\TEX> partial pressure plays on important role in ion nitriding since it determiness the incoming flux of nitrogen species onto specimen surface. Nitriding thmprrature is also important besauseit determines the diffusion rates of nitrogen through nitride layers. While both parameters affects the characteristics rateding are controlled by nitridingen diffusion nitration profiles of N and alloying elements such as Cr and Ni are observed through niride layers. Secondly, nitride layer consists of the upper white laywe having various nitride phases and the underneath diffusion layers. The thickness of white layer increases with $N_2$<\TEX> partial pressures and nitriding temperatures. The thinkness of diffusion layer is increasting nitriding temperatures. Finally, nitriding of stainless steels steel show slighly low their corrsionce prorerties. However, passivation properties, which is normally observed in stainless steels, were still observed aftre ion nitriding.

• 멤브레인
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2004

폴리아미드계 역삼투 분리막의 투과성능을 비교하기 위하여 NaCl과 NaOCl을 함유하는 혼합용액을 공급수로 사용하여 연속운전과 단속운전 하에서 실험하여 보았다. 이 결과를 가지고 막 이동 모델의 선택적 적용이 가능함을 제시하고자 하였으며 투과 성능 분석 결과, 용액 확산 모델과 선흡착-모세관이동 모델이 운전 모드에 따라 상대적으로 유용함을 볼수 있었다. 연속 운전에서는 선흡착-모세관이동 모델을, 단속 운전에서는 용액 확산 모델을 따름을 알 수 있었다 NaOCl에 의한 표면 변화를 SEM 사진을 통하여 확인 할 수 있었다. 연속운전 후의 막은 염소 투과 결과 표면에서 부분적인 ridge and valley 구조가 나타났으며 단속 운전 후의 막은 표면 전반에서 변성이 일어난 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2000

Single crystal and polycrystalline Si thin films were doped with phosphorus by a 2-zone diffusion method to develop the low-resistivity polycrystalline Si electrode for a hemispherical grain. Solid phosphorus source was used in order to achieve uniformly and highly doped surface region of polycrystalline Si films having rough surface morphology. In case of 2-zone diffusion method, it is proved that the heavy doping near the surface area can be achieved even at a relatively low temperature. SIMS analysis revealed that phosphorus doping concentration in case of using solid P as a doping source was about 50 times as that of phosphine source at 750$^{\circ}C$. Also, ASR analysis revealed that the carrier concentration was about 50 times as that of phosphine. In order to evaluate the electrical characteristics of doped polycrystalline Si films for semiconductor devices, MOS capacitors were fabricated to measure capacitance of polycrystalline Si films. In ${\pm}$2 V measuring condition, Si films, doped with solid source, have 8% higher $C_{min}$ than that of unadditional doped Si films and 3% higher $C_{min}$ than that of Si films doped with $PH_3$ source. The leakage current of these films was a few fA/${\mu}m^2$. As a result, a 2-zone diffusion method is suggested as an effective method to achieve highly doped polycrystalline Si films even at low temperature.