• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.778-789
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• 2011

The natural dyeing of silk fabrics with guava leaf extract was investigated. Mixed components of flavonoid and tannin seem to be the components of guava leaf extract. The temperature and time for dyeing of silk fabrics with guava leaf extract were $40^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$ for eighty minutes, respectively. The dyeing equilibrium was shown at the fourth time of repeated dyeing. The highest K/S value was recorded at pH 3. Fe-mordanted fabrics showed the highest K/S value. High K/S values were shown in the post-mordanting of dyed fabrics at $40^{\circ}C$ and the pre-mordanting of dyed fabrics at $90^{\circ}C$. After repeated dyeing and mordanting, various color change occurred with mordant treatment. Surface colors were changed to YR color in alkaline water extract and to Y color in acidic water and ethanol extract, respectively. The washing fastness was level 3-4 for Sn-mordanted fabrics and level 4 for Fe-mordanted fabrics, and the dry cleaning fastness also showed very excellent result with level 4-5. The rubbing fastness was satisfactory with level 3-4. The light fastness was above level 4 only when Fe-mordanting was conducted, and the rest of dyed fabrics was not fast enough. In the antibacterial activity, the powder of guva leaf extract showed 99.9% of high antibacterial activity and Staphylococcus aureus showed 99.6% in dyed fabric. All dyed fabrics showed higher deodorization and UV protection rate than control fabric.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2015

무설탕 원료로서 xylitol, maltitol, isomalt, erythritol 및 sorbitol을 껌의 코팅 재료로 사용하여 코팅 공정 중 제조특성과 외관을 비교하였고, 코팅 후 표면 균일성, 색택 변화, 코팅시간, 건조시간 등을 비교하였을 때 maltitol이 가장 우수하였으며, erythritol과 sorbitol은 코팅품질과 코팅시간이 길어지는 등의 생산성과 품질면에서 껌의 코팅 소재로는 부적합하였다. 이에 maltitol, xylitol 및 isomalt로 코팅한 껌을 고온 저장하면서 코팅층의 색택 변화를 분석한 결과, maltitol 코팅껌의 경우 $80^{\circ}C$, 1일간 저장시 ${\Delta}E$값은 2.88로 상온보관 시료와 비교하여 색상의 변화가 비교적 작았으나, xylitol과 isomalt 코팅껌은 색상의 변화가 크게 나타났다. 또한, maltitol 코팅껌을 polypropylene 포장재에 넣고 저장 중 색택의 변화를 관찰한 결과, $40^{\circ}C$이하에서는 색택의 변화가 적었으며, $60^{\circ}C$에서도 30일간 저장시 색차는 3 이하로 나타나 유통과정 상 품질의 변화가 적을 것으로 판단되었다. 그러나 본 실험은 색상변화로만 저장 중 변화를 평가하였던 바, 향후 당알코올류를 코팅제로 사용한 코팅껌의 저장 중 품질에 대한 추가적인 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2012

The domestic pine was used to investigate the change of specific gravity, moisture contents, color and anatomical structure by accelerated weathering test (AWT). According to visual inspection, a few knot separation and looseness as well as considerable surface discoloration was found out. However, the crack and split of surface texture have been never occurred till the last step of AWT. On the whole, as the time of accelerated weathering test has increased, the specific gravity has decreased. Finally, after the 9th week of AWT, the specific gravity was 0.38 that reached to 82% compared to the control specimen. In case of moisture content (MC), it showed rising trend in its early stages, however, after 3th week of AWT it have displayed steady state. A deterioration of cell-wall components was not remarkably observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), however the ray fractures of AWT specimen were observed more than those of control specimen. The full fracture of epithelial cell around resin canal was observed by optical microscope. The fracture of ray of 2th cycle AWT specimen was first, followed by 1th week and control group. A distortion of tracheid for early spring wood and fracture of epithelial cell were generally observed by a similar level, regardless of duration time of AWT. Therefore, it is obvious that increasing duration time of AWT does not affect the deterioration of micro-structure for wood members from this study. Although a considerable change of anatomical properties was not found, there is a need of further research to understand how will the changes of specific gravity and MC on the physical properties of wood member.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1998년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.95-100
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to describe the change of the spring bloom and oceanographic condition. The variation of pigment concentration derived from the satellite ocean color data has been analyzed. According to the movement of blooming area, blooming was very concerned with a rising trend of sea surface temperature and a supply of nutrients. A nutrient rich water carried by the Oyashio encounters with the warm Core ring, where mixings and blooms are observed. We examined the correlation by using the satellite observations of the temperature and chlorophyll-a for the spring seasons (May, June, July) of 1998 the off Sanriku area (38-43N, 141- l50E). Using the SeaWiFS data, we process the data into the level-3, which contains the geophysical value of chlorophyll-a. And chlorophyll-a data is mapped for the water between 110E and 160E, and 15N and 52N with a 0.08 * 0.05 degree grid for each image. And Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data is produced using the AVHRR onboard the NOAA. The SST is derived by the MCSST. Then, the data is mapped for the water as much as chi-a data. And these gridded image was made by detection of each water masses, which are Kuroshio Extension, the warm-core ring and the Oyashlo Intrusion, etc., using those satellite images to determine short term change. Off Sanriku is a place where warm-water pool and the Oyashio at-e mixed. When warm streamer has intruded in cold water, the volume of phytoplankton increases at the tip of warm streamer. Warm water streamer was trigger of occurring blooming. And also, SeaWiFS images provided as much information for the studies of chlorophyll-a concentrations in the surface.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate condylar surface changes and remodeling after orthognathic surgery using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) imaging, including comparisons between the right and left sides and between the sexes. Materials and Methods: Forty patients (20 males and 20 females) who underwent multi-detector CT examinations before and after surgery were selected. Three-dimensional images comprising thousands of points on the condylar surface were obtained before and after surgery. For the quantitative assessment of condylar surface changes, point-to-point (preoperative-to-postoperative) distances were calculated using 3D processing software. These point-to-point distances were converted to a color map. In order to evaluate the types of condylar remodeling, the condylar head was divided into six areas (anteromedial, anteromiddle, anterolateral, posteromedial, posteromiddle, and posterolateral areas) and each area was classified into three types of condylar remodeling (bone formation, no change, and bone resorption) based on the color map. Additionally, comparative analyses were performed between the right and left sides and according to sex. Results: The mean of the average point-to-point distances on condylar surface was $0.11{\pm}0.03mm$. Bone resorption occurred more frequently than other types of condylar remodeling, especially in the lateral areas. However, bone formation in the anteromedial area was particularly prominent. No significant difference was found between the right and left condyles, but condylar surface changes in males were significantly larger than in females. Conclusion: This study revealed that condylar remodeling exhibited a tendency towards bone resorption, especially in the lateral areas. Condylar surface changes occurred, but were small.

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2008년도 제38차 학술발표대회
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• pp.105-107
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• 2008

Dyeing properties of the colorants extracted from pomegranate hull on hair were investigated to study its efficay of natural hair coloring dye. Effect of dyeing condition and mordanting on dye uptake, color change and colorfastness were explored. In addition, tensile strength retention is measured and the surface of the hair was observed by SEM. The water extracted pomegranate hull was concentrated and freeze-dried for preparing colorant powders. It was considered that ionic bonding was involved in the adsorption of pomegranate colorants to hair. Pomegranate hull colorants produced greyish brown colors on hair and the hair mordanted with Fe showed dark brown color. Mordant except Fe did not significantly increased dye uptake. Mordant except Cu increased light fastness, mordant except Cr increased washing fastness. SEM to observe the hair is damaged by ultraviolet light and cleaning. This is consistent with the results of tensile strength retention. From the results of colorfastness th washing and light, it was concluded that colorants from pomegranate hull can be need as a semi-permanent natural hair coloring dye.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to define optimal conditions for wool blend fabric dyeing using Rhus verniciflua extract. K/S value, surface color change, the fastness to light, fastness to dry-cleaning, metal mordanting effects and antimicrobial activities were investigated. The results were summarized as follows; As the storage time of Rhus verniciflua stokes dyeing solution was longer, K/S was improved. K/S value showed the highest one when dyeing temperature and time were at 100oC and 60 minutes respectively. As for the changes of pH values of the dyeing solution, fabric was dyed well with the pH value of acid or neutral. K/S value recorded the highest at pH6 and the lowest at pH10. Fastness to light showed the unmordanted fabric is 2.84, and Fe is 1.69 on color difference. Antibacterial activities of Rhus verniciflua dyeing solution recorded high figures in both dyed fabric with unmordanted and dyed fabric with mordanting.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.657-661
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• 1998

Green tea powder (3%, 6%, 9%) was added to green tea bread and physicochemical characteristics of green tea bread were investigated. As the result of measuring the pH of the dough, the pH of control was 5.6 and the pH of the investigated. As the result of measuring the pH of the dough, the pH of control was 5.6 and the pH of the samples were 5.34, 5.29 and 5.26 each. As it is seen above, there is no big difference in the pH of the three different dough. Therefore, it could be that the pH of the dough doesn't really affect on the volume of the bread. As the amount of the green powder was changed, the weight of bread, volume of bread, baking loss rate, the color of the surface, the tenderness of the crumb were affected. The 9% of the green powder gave the most distinguishable affect on these factors. As the amount of thee green tea green tea powder caused the change of color. The result of the sensory evaluation showed that the addition of the green tea powder affected significantly on the quality of the bread. Considering the result of the test, 3% of the green tea powder bread is the best for the production of the bread.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.40-55
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to review testing principle, testing design and experimental results of the four dynamic moisture movement testers. The research analyzes Moisture Manager Tester (MMT), Alambeta Instrument, Dynamic Surface Moisture Movement Tester, and Gravimetric Absorbent Testing Method based on American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM) E 96 which is an international standard testing method. Although many of researches use ASTM E 96 to measure moisture movement on a fabric, it has several weaknesses, such as long experimental time and a physical change of sample by a holder of the frame. Hence, lots of researchers have studied and developed the new measurement systems measuring moisture management on a fabric or garment and ultimately mimic heat energy and perspiration created by the human body. These moisture management systems use a variety of parameters, such as electricity, color, and sensor to measure their movement in the fabric. Through comparison with the existing tester (ASTM E 96), the research recognizes the strength and weakness in the dynamic moisture movement testers.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

Conventional pad- dry-cure(thermo-fixation) process usually produces functional performance on both sides of a fabric. UV curing technique was applied to impart water- and oil-repellent finish effective only on the face of a PET knitted fabric. The preferential one-side coating, by virtue of the limited penetration of UV light, was achieved by W curing after padding of a fluorocarbon agent without special coating or printing equipments. The difference in the functional property of face and back sides was examined by measuring water and oil repellency at each side of the treated fabric. The influence of pre/post-irradiation dose and agent concentration on the performance of the finished fabrics were investigated. While increase in both resin concentration and post-irradiation did not have significant effect on the finish, UV pre-irradiation of PET fabrics caused remarkable influence presumably due to appropriate surface modification of PET fabrics required for facile wetting of the resin. The dimensional stability and color change of the UV cured fabrics measured by FAST and reflectance spectrophotometry showed significantly decreased color difference and increased percent extension compared with the samples pre-irradiated without agent application.