• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

Rice bran proteins from different cultivars(Youngan, Sindongjin, Suwon 511) were extracted with Xylanase using orthogonal analysis method and their functional properties were investigated. The optimum extraction conditions, based on protein content in the extract found to be at 1 wt% xylanase, pH 7 and 50:1, solvent to rice bran ratio(v/w %). Nitrogen solubility indices(NSI) of rice bran protein concentrates were shown a minimum value at pH 4 ranged 2~23%, varied with different cultivars and a maximum (NSI${\geq}$90% for all cultivars) at pH 10. As for water adsorption and fat adsorption capacity, rice bran protein concentrates were shown to be better than Na-caseinate and isolated soy protein, respectively. Emulsifying activities were observed high in order of Na-caseinate>Youngan rice bran protein>Shindongjin rice bran protein>Suwon 511 rice bran protein>isolated soy protein. In general, the surface tension of rice bran protein solution($10^{-3}$ wt%, 5 mM bis-tris, pH 7) was increased with increasing concentrations and found a minimum value near pI. On heating, it was decreased slightly with increasing temperatures up to $70^{\circ}C$ and then increased above $80^{\circ}C$. Addition of sodium chloride was made the surface tension decrease. In conclusion, with Xylanase, rice bran protein concentrate can be successfully extracted from the rice bran of different cultivars and the Youngan rice bran protein was thought to have best functionality among rice cultivars tested. It might be used as a milk protein substitute.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2010

Electroless nickel plating on porous carbon substrate for the application of MCFC electrodes was investigated. Acidic and alkaline bath were used for the electroless nickel plating. The pore sizes of carbon substrates were 16-20 ${\mu}m$ and over 20 ${\mu}m$. The carbon surface was changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic after immersing the substrate in an ammonia solution for 40 min at $60^{\circ}C$. The contact angle of water was decreased from $85^{\circ}C$ to less than $20^{\circ}$ after ammonia pretreatment. The deposition rate in the alkaline bath was higher than that in the acidic bath. The deposition rate was increased with increasing pH in both acidic and alkaline bath. The content of phosphorous in nickel deposit was decreased with increasing pH in both acidic and alkaline bath. The contents of phosphorous is low in alkaline bath. The minimum concentration of $PdCl_2$ for the electroless nickel plating was 10 ppm in alkaline bath and 5 ppm in acidic bath. The thickness of nickel was not affected by the concentration of $PdCl_2$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.358-364
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• 2001

The physiochemical properties and interactions between porcine blood and waxy rice were determined. Addition of calcium chloride (0.15%) improved acceptability of blood cake and increased the gelatinization degree of waxy rice. The water-holding capacity of porcine blood gel (blood/water=60/40, v/v), extent of absorption and gelatinization of waxy rice, and scanning electron microscopy showed that blood protein matrix and waxy rice are competitors for holding water in the cooking procedure. Non-haem iron content increased linearly (R=0.95) when heating temperature rose. The presence of blood proteins caused increasing of peak temperature (Tp) of gelatinization in differential scanning calorimetric thermal gram, The microstnlcture of plasma proteins and haemoglobin appeared continuous changes, and interacted with surface of waxy rice flour in terms of network and mosaic form, respectively. The electrophoretic patterns revealed an interaction between plasma proteins and waxy rice glutelin and haemoglobin when heated could be found at temperatures above $60^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 1998

This research explored the feasibility of preparing and utilizing a preformed polymeric solution of Al(III) for coagulation in water treatment. Slow base(NaOH) injection into supersaturated aluminum chloride solutions did produce high yields of the type of Al polymers useful to water treatment applications. PACl's characteristic analysis showed that the quantity of polymeric Al produced at value of $r(OH_{added}/Al)=2.2$ was 83% of the total aluminum in solution, as showing maximum contents and precipitate was dramatically increased when r was increased above 2.35. And PACl was stable during sitoring period so aging effect was negligible. Results of the coagulation of Nakdong river waters with three PACls showed that the effectiveness of the three coagulants can be considered as r = 2.2 > r = 2.0 > r = 2.35 which are also the order of higher polymeric aluminum contents. Coagulation results for synthetic water exhibited optimum dose of 0.25mM Al, for three PACls, but above optimum dose, r = 2.0 and 2.2 PACl impaired the coagulation and sedimentation of turbidity and humic acid because of the restabilization of particulate. The effect of pH for on coagulation of Nak Dong River water showed that it had much effect turbidity and TOC removal, especially near pH 7. But pH effect was little for turbidity and TOC removal when r = 2.35 PACl was used for coagulation, that PACl had much more precipitates content.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1991

The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate) and potassium sources (potassium chloride, potassium sulphate) on the growth and quality of Zoysia japonica Steud. This experiment was conducted at Seoul City University turf field from 1988 to 1989. The results of this experiment were summarized as follows; 1. Urea and Ammonium sulphate resulted in superior clipping yield compared to ammonium nitrate. The growth of rhizome and stolon increased significantly with urea forms, but ammonium sulphate treated plots exhibited the highest the growth rate of root. 2. Ammonium sulphate showed best turf color rating while ammonium nitrate resulted in the poorest. Prolongation of the green period showed longer in ammonium sulphate and urea treated plots than ammoium nitrate. 3. Urea and ammonium sulphate exhibited superior visible quality and shoot density compared to ammonium nitrate. 4. The uptake of mineral nutrient showed the highest concentration with urea plots. Surface soil pH was allowed to become slightly acid with the ammonium sulphate and potassium sulphate treatments, while the application of N and K sources did not cause significant differences in mineral element content in soil.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.283-286
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• 1999

Transparent conductive aluminum-doped ZnO(AZO) films Were prepared by a ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method at the substrate temperature below 23$0^{\circ}C$. A vertical type hot wall furnace was used as a reactor in the deposition system. Zinc acetate dissolved in methanol was selected as a precursor. The substrate temperature was varied from 18$0^{\circ}C$to 24$0^{\circ}C$. Aluminum (Al) was doped into ZnO films by incorporating anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl$_3$) in the zinc acetate solution. The proportion of the Al in the starting solution was varied from 0 wt % to 3.0 wt %. The crystallographic properties and surface morphologies of the films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The resistivity of the films was measured by the Van der Pauw method, and the mobility and carrier concentration were obtained through the Hall effect measurements Transmittance was measured in the visible region. The effects of substrate temperature and aluminum content in the starling solution on the structural and electrical properties of the AZO films are discussed

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2013

Water distribution pipes installed underground have potential risks of pipe failure and burst. After years of use, pipe walls tend to be corroded due to aggressive soil environments where they are located. The present study aims to assess the degree of external corrosion of a distribution pipe network. In situ data obtained through test pit excavation and direct sampling are carefully collated and assessed. A statistical approach is useful to predict severity of pipe corrosion at present and in future. First, criteria functions defined by discriminant function analysis are formulated to judge whether the pipes are seriously corroded. Data utilized in the analyses are those related to soil property, i.e., soil resistivity, pH, water content, and chloride ion. Secondly, corrosion factors that significantly affect pipe wall pitting (vertical) and spread (horizontal) on the pipe surface are identified with a view to quantifying a degree of the pipe corrosion. Finally, a most reliable model represented in the form of a multiple regression equation is developed for this purpose. From these analyses, it can be concluded that our proposed model is effective to predict the severity and rate of pipe corrosion utilizing selected factors that reflect the fuzzy soil environment.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Structures requiring chemical resistance are usually coated with surface protecting agents, but the cost for maintenance and re-construction is incurred due to the low durability. Therefore, in this study, sulfur was polymerized and the performance was examined so that it could be used as the concrete surface protecting agents for structures requiring chemical resistance. The evaluation results indicated that for the spray of the sulfur polymer surface coating agents, the application of the gravity type was appropriate; and for the number of coating times, about 3 cycle spray gave the best results. For the surface condition of the concrete to be coated with the surface protecting agents, outstanding quality was obtained above room temperature ($20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$), and the bond strength increased as the temperature increased. The evaluation results of the strength characteristics depending on the filler content of the surface protecting agents indicated that about 20~40% filler mixing contributed to the strength improvement as it reduced the shrinkage of the sulfur polymer. Also, the mixing of silica showed larger increase in the bond strength than the mixing of fly ash, and the most outstanding bond strength characteristics could be obtained by the mixing of both silica and fly ash. In the case of the chemical resistance, the strength reduction was minimized and outstanding chemical resistance was obtained when the fly ash and silica were substituted by 20%, respectively. The performance evaluation of the chloride ion penetration indicated that for the specimens coated with the sulfur polymer surface protecting agents, the chloride ion penetration resistance increased by 29~48% compared to the specimen without the coating of the surface protecting agent. The examination of the coating condition of the surface protecting agents, compressive strength, bond strength, chemical resistance, and salt damage resistance indicated that in the range of this study, the optimal level was when the silica and fly ash were substituted by 20%, respectively, as the filler for the sulfur polymer.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1971

1) Among five lactic acid bacteria examined, Str. thermophilus and Str. diacetilactis produced remarkably greater amount of acids in soybean milk than Str. lactis, Str. cremoris and L. bulgaricus. 2) Soybean milk and skimmed dry milk were combined in the ratio of 7 : 3 and were carried out in lactic acid fermentation for 24 hours at optimum temperature. The result indicated that the yield of precipitation and protein content of it were the most, the moisture content was the least and curd structure formed was considered too hard. 3) Based on these and other results, following procedure was used for manufacturing: soybean milk and skimmed dry milk were combined in the ratio of 7 : 3, heated at $121^{\circ}C$ for 20 min., cooled, added Str. thermophilus as lactic acid starter and incubated for 24 hours and $37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The curd was cooked, hooped, and pressed for 24 hours, to the surface of which, Penicillium caseicolum and sodium chloride were spread. During ripening of the curd at $15^{\circ}C$ and $85{\sim}90%$ RH for 21 days, Pen. caseicolum was highly developed after 7 days, pH was increased and proteolytie activity has reached to the peak point after 14 days. After 7 days of ripening total water soluble nitrogen, water soluble protein nitrogen and amino acids nitrogen were begun to increase. After 21 days of ripening total water soluble nitrogen, water soluble protein nitrogen and amino-N reached to 52%, 32% and 14% of total nitogen. In the soybean cheese, after 21 days of ripening, 17 or more kinds of amino acids were detected by two-dimentional paper chromatography. The product contained 63.2% of moisture, 17.5% of crude protein, 13.2% of crude fat, 2.8% of crude ash and 2.5% of sodium chloride.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2003

Reinforced concrete structures under sever conditions such as marine structures, bridges and structures constructed with aggregates(dredged from sea), can be deteriorated from corrosion of the reinforcing bars. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-corrosive performance of coated steel using polymer cement slurry. Polymer cement slurry with various polymer dispersions and corrosion inhibiting agent were coated to the surface of bars, and tested for accelerated corrosion tests. Tests include immersion in NaCl 10% solution, chloride ion spray, autoclave cure, autoclave cure after carbonation, penetration of NaCl 10 % solution, carbonation after penetration of NaCl 10% solution. Test results, show that the anti-corrosive performace is considerably improved by using polymer cement slurry at surface of steel. And this trend is marked by adding of corrosion inhibiting agent. This difference of the anti-corrosive properties is hardly recognized according to types of polymer dispersions. The coated steel using polymer cement slurry will be improved to a great extent compared to those of plain steel when increasing content of chloride ion in cement concrete.