• 열처리공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.368-374
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• 2009

Nickel titanium shape memory alloys (NiTi) have been investigated for applications in the biomedical industry. However, little is known about the influences of surface modifications on the propertise of these alloys. The effect of electropolishing and heat treatments was found to exhibit significant surface roughness. Change of phase was B2, r-phase and B19' by heat treatments. In this study, effect of the electropolishing conditions on surface roughness is investigated in Ni-Ti alloys (Nitinol). Variation in phases with heat treatment temperature is investigated for a Ni-Ti alloy by X-ray diffraction and DSC. Characteristic of the microstructure have been observed by SEM. Surface roughness have been measured by AFM. The results clearly show that significant different in surface property to heat treated at $500^{\circ}C$ (R-phase). $TiO_2$ phases preciritated all of the specimens. It is not good effect of surface roughness because made to surface relief. The surface roughness appears to be important in the property of Ni-Ti alloys for biomedical applications.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2016

PURPOSE. To evaluate the effect of various surface treatments on the surface structure and shear bond strength (SBS) of different ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 288 specimens (lithium-disilicate, leucite-reinforced, and glass infiltrated zirconia) were first divided into two groups according to the resin cement used, and were later divided into four groups according to the given surface treatments: G1 (hydrofluoric acid (HF)+silane), G2 (silane alone-no heat-treatment), G3 (silane alone-then dried with $60^{\circ}C$ heat-treatment), and G4 (silane alonethen dried with $100^{\circ}C$ heat-treatment). Two different adhesive luting systems were applied onto the ceramic discs in all groups. SBS (in MPa) was calculated from the failure load per bonded area (in $N/mm^2$). Subsequently, one specimen from each group was prepared for SEM evaluation of the separated-resin-ceramic interface. RESULTS. SBS values of G1 were significantly higher than those of the other groups in the lithium disilicate ceramic and leucite reinforced ceramic, and the SBS values of G4 and G1 were significantly higher than those of G2 and G3 in glass infiltrated zirconia. The three-way ANOVA revealed that the SBS values were significantly affected by the type of resin cement (P<.001). FIN ceramics had the highest rate of cohesive failure on the ceramic surfaces than other ceramic groups. AFM images showed that the surface treatment groups exhibited similar topographies, except the group treated with HF. CONCLUSION. The heat treatment was not sufficient to achieve high SBS values as compared with HF acid etching. The surface topography of ceramics was affected by surface treatments.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

ISO 4588, ASTM D2651 등에 규정된 금속 표면의 산처리에 의한 개질 방법을 다양한 분석조건의 변화로부터 비교하고 그 효과와 방법의 적정성을 분석하고자 하였다. 스테인리스 스틸과 카본 스틸을 위한 각각 4가지의 산용액을 적용하여 처리 온도의 변화 및 처리 시간의 변화에 따른 영향을 접촉각의 감소, 표면 조도 및 몰폴로지의 변화, 부식에 의한 시편 두께의 감소, 대기 노출에 의한 표면 열화 관측을 수행하는 방법으로 파악하였다. 실험결과, 각각의 산 처리 방법의 특징에 따라 다양한 표면 개질 효과가 나타났으며, 전반적으로는 스테인레스 스틸의 경우에는 $83^{\circ}C$의 처리온도로, 카본 스틸의 경우에는 $63^{\circ}C$의 처리온도로 가열된 산용액에서 좋은 개질 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 산처리 방법에 따라서는 금속표면의 개질을 위한 산처리 과정에서 부식에 의한 금속편의 심각한 두께 감소와 표면 몰폴로지의 변화가 수반함을 확인하였고, 더하여 산처리 이후의 대기노출에 의한 표면의 열화 특성 역시 산처리 방법에 크게 좌우됨을 확인하였다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제22권
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• pp.87-98
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• 2008

본 연구는 한반도에서 출토된 총 24점의 청동거울을 대상으로 합금의 화학조성과 경면처리법에 대하여 주사전자현미경-에너지분산형분석기로 분석한 내용이다. 고려 고분군에서 출토된 2점의 유물을 제외하면 이들에 관련된 출토지나 제작시기는 알려져 있지 않다. 청동거울의 경면처리법으로는 주석함량이 높을 경우 합금자체가 은백색을 띠는 점을 이용하여 연마만으로 마무리하는 방법과, 주석과 수은을 이용하는 주석칠도금법이나 주석아말감도금법, 그리고 수은도금으로 피막처리를 하는 방법 등을 들 수 있다. 일부 거울에서는 경면뿐 아니라 문양면에도 피막처리가 수행된 흔적이 발견되었으며, 일부에서는 경면과 문양면에 서로 다른 처리가 적용된 예가 관찰되었다. 적용된 피막처리법을 추정함에 중요한 단서가 되는 수은의 존재는 거울의 표면에서는 물론 단면에서도 황화물 형태로 확인되었는데 이는 도금층이 결실된 경우에도 표면처리 여부는 물론 그에 적용된 방법에 관한 추정이 가능함을 의미한다. 앞으로 청동거울의 경면처리법에 대한 연구가 계속될 경우 기술의 시대별 또는 지역별 특성이 밝혀지게 될 것이며 이를 바탕으로 한반도에서 출토되는 청동거울의 제작시기나 제작지에 대한 추정이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.121-124
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• 2001

Surface-modified silica holds considerable promise in the development of advanced materials for good mechanical properties and stability. In this work, the surface and mechanical interfacial properties of silicas treated with silane coupling agents, such as Y-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane (MPS). Y-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane (GPS), and Y-mercapto propyl trimethoxy silane (MCPS), are investigated. The effect of silane surface treatments of silica on the surface properties and surface energetics are studied in terms of surface functional values and contact angle measurements. And their mechanical interfacial properties of the silica/rubber composites are studied by the composite tearing energy ($G_{IIIC}$). As a result. the mechanical interfacial properties are improved in the case of silane-treated composites compared with untreated one. It reveals that the functional groups on silica surface by silane surface treatments play an important role in improving the degree of adhesion at interfaces in a silica-filled rubber system.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.231-234
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• 2016

Pouch film is manufactured by laminating aluminum foil, polyamide film and polypropylene film with an adhesive or extrusion resin. However, a surface treatment is required for the aluminum because bonding does not occur easily between the aluminum foil and the polymer film. Thus, for this study, surface treatment experiments were performed in order to confirm the effect on adhesion strength. First, a variety of surface treatment solutions were coated on aluminum foil, and contact angle and surface morphology analysis was carried out for the surface-treated aluminum. For lamination of the surface-treated aluminum foil with polyamide film, a polyurethane base adhesive was prepared for the adhesive strength test specimens. The adhesive strength between the aluminum foil and the polyamide film of the resulting specimens was measured (UTM). With such an experiment, it was possible to evaluate the effect on adhesive strength of the various surface treatments.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.364-370
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• 2017

PURPOSE. To explore the influence of different surface conditionings on surface changes and the influence of surface treatments and aging on the bond strengths of composites to non-aged and aged resin nanoceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Rectangular-shaped non-aged and aged (5000 thermocycles) resin nanoceramic specimens (Lava Ultimate) (n=63, each) were divided into 3 groups according to surface treatments (untreated, air abrasion, or silica coating) (n=21). The surface roughness was measured and scanning electron microscopy was used to examine one specimen from each group. Afterwards, the specimens were repaired with a composite resin (Filtek Z550) and half were sent for aging (5000 thermocycles, n=10, each). Shear bond strengths and failure types were evaluated. Roughness and bond strength were investigated by two- and three-way analysis of variance, respectively. The correlation between the roughness and bond strength was investigated by Pearson's correlation test. RESULTS. Surface-treated samples had higher roughness compared with the untreated specimens (P=.000). For the non-aged resin nanoceramic groups, aging was a significant factor for bond strength; for the aged resin nanoceramic groups, surface treatment and aging were significant factors. The failures were mostly adhesive after thermal cycling, except in the non-aged untreated group and the aged air-abraded group, which had mostly mixed failures. Roughness and bond strength were positively correlated (P=.003). CONCLUSION. Surface treatment is not required for the repair of non-aged resin nanoceramic; for the repair of aged resin nanoceramic restorations, air abrasion is recommended.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2004

This study explains the effects of lubricant and surface treatment on the life of hot forging dies. The thermal load and thermal softening, that occur when there is contact between the hotter billet and the cooler dies in hot forging, cause wear, thermal cracking and fatigue, and plastic deformation. Because the cooling effect and low friction are essential to the long life of dies, the proper selection of lubricant and surface treatment is very important in hot forging process. The two main factors that decide friction and heat transfer conditions are lubricant and surface treatment, which are directly related to friction factor and surface heat transfer coefficient. Experiments were performed for obtaining the friction factors and the surface heat transfer coefficients in different lubricants and surface treatments. For lubrication, oil-base and water-base graphite lubricants were used, and ion-nitride and carbon-nitride were used as surface treatment conditions. The methods for estimating die service life that are suggested in this study were applied to a finisher die during the hot forging of an automobile part. The new techniques developed in this study for estimating die service life can be used to develop more feasible ways to improve die service life in the hot forging process.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.56-68
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• 2014

This paper presents an experiment on the modeling, analysis, prediction and optimization of machining parameters used during the turning process of the low-carbon steel known as ST40. The parameters used to develop the model are the cutting speed, the feed rate, and the depth of the cut. The experiments were carried out under various conditions, with three level of parameters and two different treatments for each level (with and without a lubricant), to determine the effects of the parameters on the surface roughness and electric current consumption. These effects were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). A second-order model is used to predict the values of the surface roughness and the electric current consumption from the results of experiments which collected preliminary data. The results of the experiment and the predictions of the surface roughness and electric current consumption under both treatments were found to be nearly identical. This result shows that the feed rate is the main factor that influences the surface roughness and electric current consumption.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2021

Plastic injection molds used for rapid heating and cooling must minimize surface damage due to friction and maintain excellent thermal and low electrical conductivity. Accordingly, various surface treatments are being applied. The properties of Al₂O₃ coating and DLC coating were compared to find the optimal surface treatment method. Al₂O₃ coating was deposited by thermal spray method. DLC films were deposited by sputtering process in room temperature and high temperature PECVD (Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) process in 723 K temperature. For the evaluation of physical properties, the electrical and thermal conductivity including surface hardness, adhesion and wear resistance were analyzed. The electrical resistance of the all coated samples was showed insulation properties of 24 MΩ/sq or more. Especially, the friction coefficient of high temp. DLC coating was the lowest at 0.134.