• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.293-296
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• 2014

Fe-Ni has been of great interest because it is known as one of low thermal expansion alloys as various application areas. This alloy was fabricated by electroforming process, and effect of heat treatment on thermal expansion and hardness was investigated. Nano-crystalline structure of 13.3 - 63.5 nm in size was observed in the as-deposited alloy. To investigate the effect of heat treatment on grain growth and mechanical/thermal properties, we conducted hardness and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). From this, we confirmed these properties were varied by heat treatment. In this nano-crystalline alloy, we could observe abnormal behavior in thermal expansion between $350-400^{\circ}C$. Additionally, an abrupt change in hardness has also been observed. However, once the grains grow up to micro-sized the mechanical and thermal properties mentioned above were stabilized similar to those of bulk alloys due to heat treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2010

In this study, we compared two methods(an acid treatment in strong acid reflux and a heat treatment in air atmosphere) for hydrophilic surface treatment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWNT) to enhance the capcity of $RuO_2$/MWNT composite electrode materials for ultracapacitor. Both treatments generated a number of defects on the surface of MWNT by the breakage of $\pi$ bond in graphene layer at which carboxyl groups were introduced. However, the degree of hydrophilicity generated by strong acid treatment was higher than that by heat treatment in air, which was revealed by the quantitative measurement of surface carboxyl groups by using Boehm titration. The increased hydrophilicity save rise to an improved dispersity of $RuO_2$ nanoparticles on MWNT. Finally, the improved dispersity resulted in the capacity enhancement of composite electrode materials for ultracapacitor.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.533-540
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• 2000

Condensation heat transfer characteristics have been investigated experimentally when a water vapor is condensed on the outside of a horizontal copper tube in a condenser. This problem is of particular interest in the design of a LiBr-water absorption system. Hydrophilic surface modification was performed to increase the wettability on the copper tube. The optimum hydrophilic treatment condition using acethylene and nitrogen as reaction gas is also studied in detail. The results obtained indicate that the optimum reaction gas ratio of acethylene to nitrogen for hydrophilic surface modification was found to be 7 : 3 for the best condensation heat transfer. In the wide ranges of coolant inlet temperatures, and coolant mass flow rates, both the condensation heat transfer rate and the condensation heat transfer coefficient of a hydrophilic copper tube are increased substantially, compared with those of a conventional copper tube used in a condenser. It is also found that the condensation heat transfer enhancement by the hydrophilic surface modification still emains even after a hundred cycles of wet/dry processes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.196-202
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• 2000

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2013

The influences of heat treatment and surface sizing on coating penetration were studied using two types of commercial base papers. Dry oven was used for heat treatment and laboratory rod draw down coater was used for surface sizing and coating application. Coating penetration was evaluated by measuring the roughness of the backside of coating layer. The backside of the coating was exposed by dissolving the fibers in a cupriethylenedimine(CED) solution. The results showed that both heat treatment and surface sizing were the effective methods to increase sizing degree and to reduce coating penetration.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.137-141
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• 2010

The Co-Cr alloys have clinical histories in dental and orthopaedic implants, and recently in cardiovascular stent applications because the alloys exhibit a high elastic modulus and radiopacity. In order to improve mechanical property of the Co-Cr alloys, electropolishing is employed as the final process. Electropolishing, an anodic dissolution process in the transpassive state, is sensitively affected by process conditions such as current density, machining time, electrode gap. In this study, the effect of heat treatment conditions on surface roughness and inclusion analysis is investigated in Co-Cr alloy (L605). The most smooth surface of Co-Cr alloy is obtained when electropolishing is performed at 15-20 V for 15-30 sec with a electrode gap of 3.5 mm.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

This study was performed to evaluate the burning characteristics of wood-based materials and the effect of surface treatment of fire retardant using cone calorimeter. Four types of wood-based materials, such as Plywood, Oriented Strand Board (OSB), Particle Board (PB) and Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF), were tested at a constant heat flux of $50kW/m^2$ to investigate the time to ignition, mass loss rate, heat release rate, effective heat of combustion, etc. In addition, each type of wood-based material was tested at the same heat flux after fire retardant treatment on the surface to evaluate the effect of this treatment on the burning characteristics. The surface treatment of fire retardant, by the amount of $110g/m^2$, delayed the time to ignition almost twice. However, it was indicated that heat release rate, mass loss rate, and effective heat of combustion were not significantly affected by fire retardants treatment for all types of wood-based materials.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.666-672
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• 2001

Experiments have been carried out to investigate the evaporation heat transfer characteristics of various tubes on which hydrophilic surface treatment using plasma was employed. Spiral, corrugated and low-finned tubes were selected as test tubes. The evaporator tubes were bundled to form three rows of tubes connected in series, with each row being 400mm long. The results obtained indicate that hydrophilic treated tubes tested exhibit better evaporation heat transfer performance as compared with untreated tubes. It is found that the high wettability of the surface obtained through hydrophilic treatment induces film flow onto the tubes during the evaporation process, while sessile drops are formed on untreated tubes.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.273-284
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• 1994

Thermal behavior of Cu-Cr thin alloy films has been investigated by SEM, AES, and TEM. Cu-Cr alloy films containing 3wt% Cr, 8wt% Cr have been sputter-deposited onto polyimide substrates and heat treated at $400^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs in the various atmosphere. Before heat treatment, Cu and Cr content in the film are uniform through the thickness and oxygen content in the film is negligible. Redistribution of Cr, Cu, and O in the film due to heat treatment depends on the Cr content and heat treatment atmoshpere. There kinds of thermal behavior are ascribed to the formation of surface and interface oxides as well as internal oxidation. Hillocks are observed on the surface of Cu-Cr alloy films which have been heat treated in N2. The hillocks are composed of large grainss of Cu.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.364-370
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• 2011

Currently, there are two main issues regarding the development of core technologies in the automotive industry: the development of environmentally friendly vehicles and securing a high level of safety in the event of an accident. As part of the efforts to address these issues, research into alternative materials and new car body manufacturing and assembly technologies is necessary, and this has been carried out mainly by the automotive industries. Large press molds for producing car body parts are made of cast iron. With the increase of automobile production and various changes of design, the press forming process of car body parts has become more difficult. In the case of large press molds, high hardness and abrasive resistance are needed. To overcome these problems, we attempted to develop a combined heat treatment process consisting of local laser heat treatment followed by plasma nitriding, and evaluated the characteristics of the proposed heat treatment method. From the results of the experiments, it has been shown that the maximum surface hardness is 864 Hv by the laser heat treatment, 953 Hv by the plasma nitriding, and 1,094 Hv by the combined heat treatment. It is anticipated that the suggested combined heat treatment can be used to evaluate the durability of press mold.