• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2009

Pulmonary function test has been know to be greatly affected by body indices, such as sex, age, height, body weight, body surface area (BSA) and body mass index (BMI), so hat this study was focused to see the relationship between body index and flow-volume curves. Subjects were 156 (male 90, female 66) and they were examined for pulmonary function test in terms of body index and correlation/multiple regression analysis of flow-volume curves at Presbyterian Medical Center from March to August, 2009. The followings results after analyzing the correlation between body index and flow-volume curves. Although flow-volume curve FEF25-75% showed close correlation with age, body weight, and body surface area, but not with body mass index. In addition, multiple regression analysis was performed to see how each body index affects flow-volume curve FEF25-75%, and FEF25-75% dispersion was explained as 74.5% with age only, 94.2% with age and height, and 96% with age, height, and sex. Therefore, sex, age and height that are mainly used for predictive formular of pulmonary function test and nomogram were important factors for pulmonary function test itself, and further study must be done for other body index.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.272-280
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• 1991

The aims of this study were to investigate the feasivility of analyzing a few sorting factors such as size, coloration and defect of apples with a monochrome image processing system and to find apparent properties which could be effectively used for apple sorting. The results are summarized as follows. 1. A computer program was made to analyze the projection area, coloration and defect of an apple with a monochrome image processing system. 2. The algorithm developed to compute the projedtion area of an apple was between on the proportional relation between a given reference area and the corresponding number of pixels, and the computing time was 0.74 to 0.82 second depending on the size of apple. 3. The coloration of an apple was expressed as the ratio of the gray value of a reference color to that of a given bounded area of the stem end surface (defined as coloration index), and the computing time was about 3.0 seconds with this algorithm. 4. Defect of an apple could be isolated by lowpass filtering and image subtraction but it took about 20 seconds in computing time. 5. The coloration of the Fuji apple could be classified into 3 to 4 groups by the coloration index and also, it was found that the correlation coefficient between the indices and sugar contents was 0.74. 6. The coloration index obtained from a given bounded area of the stem end side of the Fuji apple could represent the coloration of total surface with a correlation coefficient of 0.922.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.459-465
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• 1997

담수표면산파 벼의 생육시기별 경수변화, 건물 생산 특성 그리고 질소시비량에 따른 수량 및 건물생산 정도를 기계이앙재배 벼와 비교하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 담수표면산파 벼는 기계이앙재배 벼에 비하여 생육 중기까지 경수 증가속도가 빠른 반면, 생육중기 이후 분얼수 감소시기 및 속도가 상대적으로 빠르고 컸으며 단위 면적당 수수는 초기 분얼수가 많았던 담수표면산파 벼에서 많았다. 2. 엽면적지수는 담수표면산파 벼에서 수수분화기까지 높았으나, 그 이후부터는 기계이앙재배 벼에서 다소 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 엽신 질소함량은 파종 후 40일까지는 담수표면산파 벼가 많았으나 그 후부터는 점차 적어지는 경향이었으며, 군락광합성 및 생육시기별 건물생산속도 역시 파종 후 50∼60일을 기점으로 기계이앙재배 벼에 비해 담수표면산파 벼에서 점차 적어졌고 이런 경향은 출수기 이후에도 계속 유지되었다. 4. 질소시비량 증가에 따라 기계이앙재배 벼 및 담수표면산파 벼 모두 수확기 총 건물중, 출수기 엽면적지수 및 군락광합성량 모두 많아지는 경향이었다. 총 건물중은 담수표면산파 벼에서 많았으며 엽면적지수 및 군락광합성은 기계이앙재배 벼에서 많았다. 또한 단위 엽면적당 질소함량은 두 재배법 모두 시비량 증가에 따라 증가하였으나 기계이앙재배 벼에서 많았다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1971

In an attempt to further clarify the effect of X·irradiation on the activity of surfactant in rabbits, X-ray in dose of 900r was irradiated to the lung tissues of rabbits in vitro. Tension-area diagram of the lung extract was recorded automatically by a modified Langmuir-Wilhelmy balance with a synchronized recording system designed in this department. The surface tension of the lung extract was measured at 1,3,5,24 and 48 hours post-irradiation, and the results were compared with the non·irradiated normal group. The result$ thus obtained are summarized as follows: I The maximal surface tension, minimal surface tension, width of the tension·area diagram at the surface area of 40% in the lung extract and stability index of the normal rabbit long extract were 40.73 dynes/cm, 8.96 dynes/cm, 20.71 dynes/cm and 1.28, respectively. II. When 900r of X-ray was irradiated to the lung in vitro, 1) The maximal and minimal surface tensions did not differ noticeably from the normal at 1,3, and 5 post-irradiation hours, but the minimal surface tension increased significantly at 24 and 48 hours Post-irradiation. 2) The width of the tension area at the surface area of 40% showed a tendency of decrease throughout the experiment. 3) The stability index showed no significant change at 1,3 and 5 post-irradiation hours,but at 24 and 48 hours post-irradiation a significant decrease was observed comparing with the control. III. Activity of surfactant was significantly depressed by X·irradiation in vitro especially at 24 and 48 hours post-irradiation.

• 대기
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.417-427
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to build urban canopy model (Met Office Reading Urban Surface Exchange Scheme, MORUSES) based to Unified Model (UM) by using urban building information data in Seoul, and then to compare the improving urban canopy model simulation result with that of Seoul Automatic Weather Station (AWS) observation site data. UM-MORUSES is based on building information database in London, we performed a sensitivity experiment of UM-MOURSES model using urban building information database in Seoul. Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis of 1.5 km resolution Seoul building data is applied instead of London building information data. Frontal-area index and planar-area index of Seoul are used to calculate building height. The height of the highest building in Seoul is 40m, showing high in Yeoido-gu, Gangnam-gu and Jamsil-gu areas. The street aspect ratio is high in Gangnam-gu, and the repetition rate of buildings is lower in Eunpyeong-gu and Gangbuk-gu. UM-MORUSES model is improved to consider the building geometry parameter in Seoul. It is noticed that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of wind speed is decreases from 0.8 to 0.6 m s^-1 by 25 number AWS in Seoul. The surface air temperature forecast tends to underestimate in pre-improvement model, while it is improved at night time by UM-MORUSES model. This study shows that the post-improvement UM-MORUSES model can provide detailed Seoul building information data and accurate surface air temperature and wind speed in urban region.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국데이터정보과학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.151-154
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• 2002

적도에서 중위도 북태평양 사이의 대기-해양의 변동을 알아보기 위해 NCEP/NCAR 재분석 자료로 경도풍과 SST(Sea Surface Temperature)를 비교하였다. 그 결과 경도풍과 SST가 반대의 경향을 보였다. 즉, 동서류가 강할 때는 해수의 혼합이 강해서 해수 표면의 온도가 낮아지고, 동서류가 약할 때는 해수의 혼합이 약해서 해수 표면의 온도가 높아진다. 또한 보편적인 비교를 위해 지역 풍속 지수 AWI(Area Wind Index)를 만들었다. 그래서 PNA(Pacific/North American), AOI(Artic Oscillation Index), 그리고 SST(Sea Surface Temperature)와 비교를 하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 1971

In an attempt to understand the possible effects of temperature and X-irradiation on the activities of surfactant in rabbits, the pulmonary surfactant from the rabbit was subjected to the incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ and X-irradiation with 900r in vitro, and activities of surfactant were measured at 10, 30, 60, and 90 minutes. Tension-area diagram of the lung extract was recorded automatically by the modified Langmuir-wilhelmy balance with a synchronized recording system designed in this Department. A comparison was made with the normal and the following results were obtained. 1) The maximal surface tension, minimal surface tension, width of the tension area diagram at the surface area of 40% and stability index of the normal rabbit lung extract were $31.6{\pm}3.11\;dynes/cm,\;8.2{\pm}0.56\;dynes/cm,\;21.4{\pm}4.40\;dynes/cm\;and\;1.12{\pm}0.22$,respectively. 2) In the $37^{\circ}C$ incubation group, maximal surface tension was similar to the normal value, while minimal surface tension was significantly lower and stability infer was markedly higher than the normal. 3) In the group where X-irradiation of 900r in vitro was applied, maximal surface tension did not differ greatly with the normal or the $37^{\circ}C$ incubation group. The minimal surface tension was significantly lower than the normal but comparing with the $37^{\circ}C$ incubation group, some decrease in minimal surface tension was noted. The width of the tension·area diagram at 40% and stability index in the irradiated group were significantly higher than the normal but a tendency of increase was noted comparing with the $37^{\circ}C$ incubation group.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

본 연구는 치면세균막 관리 프로그램에 의한 치면세균막 감소 효과 및 관리 난이도를 알아보기 위하여 충남지역에 위치한 N대학교 치위생학과에서 2006년부터 2011년까지 학생들이 제출한 임상치위생 증례보고서의 대상자 158명의 기록 가운데 가운데 본 연구에 적절하지 않은 기록을 제외하고 총 131부(82.9%)의 진료기록부를 최종분석에 사용하였다. 1. 치면세균막 관리 프로그램 수행 시 방문 차수에 따른 치면세균막 감소효과를 확인한 결과 2회 방문자(p=0.001), 3회, 4회, 5회, 6회 방문자(p<0.001)는 각각 방문 횟수가 많을수록 치면세균막 지수가 유의하게 감소하였다. 하지만 7회 방문한 대상자의 경우에는 감소된 정도가 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(p=0.142). 2. 치면세균막 관리 프로그램의 최종방문 시 치아 부위별 치면세균막 지수 평균을 비교하기 위하여 치아 부위를 순/협면, 설/구개면, 인접면으로 분류했을 때에는 설면/구개면의 치면세균막 지수가 26.5%로 가장 높았다. 3. 상/하악의 치면세균막 지수를 측정한 결과 상악과 하악의 치면세균막 지수 간 유의한 차이가 나타났다(t=-2.501, p=0.014). 순/협면, 설/구개면, 인접면의 치면세균막 지수에 대한 분석 결과 순/협면, 설/구개면, 인접면의 치면세균막 지수는 유의한 차이를 보였다(Wilks의 람다=0.686, F=26.329, p<0.001). 육분악의 치면세균막 지수를 확인한 결과 각 부위별로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(Pillai의 트레이스=0.166, F=4.443, p=0.001).

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.797-805
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• 1996

We provide a new proof of the following fact using least area surfaces : If the fundamental group of a $P^2$-irreducible closed 3-manifold M contains a finitely generated nontrivial normal subgroup of infinite index, then M has a finite cover which is a closed surface bundle over $S^1$ , unless N is free.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.983-989
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• 2018

The real-time monitoring of surface vegetation is essential for the management of droughts, vegetation growth, and water resources. The availability of land cover maps based on remotely collected data makes the monitoring of surface vegetation easier. The vegetation index in an area is likely to be proportional to meteorological elements there such as air temperature and precipitation. This study investigated relationship between vegetation index based on Moderate Resolution Image Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and ground-measured meteorological elements at the Yongdam catchment station. To do this, 16-day averaged data were used. It was found that the vegetation index is well correlated to air temperature but poorly correlated to precipitation. The study provides some intuition and guidelines for the study of the droughts and ecologies in the future.