• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze kinematic quantitative factors required of a forehand counter drive in table tennis through 3-D analysis. Four national table tennis players participated in this study. The mean of elapsed time for total drive motion was $1.009{\pm}0.23\;s$. At the phase of impact B1 was the fastest as 0.075 s. This may affect efficiency in the initial velocity and spin of the ball by making a powerful counter drive. The pattern of center of mass showed that it moved back and returned to where it was then moved forward. At the back swing, lower stance made wide base of support and a stronger and safer stance. It may help increasing the ball spin. Angle of the elbow was extended up to $110.75{\pm}1.25^{\circ}$ at the back swing and the angle decreased by $93.75{\pm}3.51^{\circ}$ at impact. Decreased rotation range of swinging arm increased linear velocity of racket-head and impulse on the ball. Eventually it led more spin to the ball and maximized the ball speed. Angle of knee joint decreased from ready position to back swing, then increased from the moment of the impact and decreased at the follow thorough. The velocity of racket-head was the fastest at impact of phase 2. Horizontal velocity was $7796.5{\pm}362\;mm/s$ and vertical velocity was $4589.4{\pm}298.4\;mm/s$ at the moment. It may help increase the speed and spin of the ball in a moment. The means of each ground reaction force result showed maximum at the back swing(E2) except A2. Vertical ground reaction force means suggest that all males and females showed maximum vertical power(E2), The maximum power of means was $499.7{\pm}38.8\;N$ for male players and $519.5{\pm}136.7\;N$ for female players.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2013

최근 해양구조물의 건설이 활발해짐에 따라 해상 부유식 구조체를 경제적으로 지지할 수 있는 새로운 기초형식을 개발하려는 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 대구경 단일형 석션파일 대신에 다수의 중구경 석션파일을 콘크리트 파일캡으로 결합한 그룹형 석션파일 형식에 대하여 연구하였다. 해상 부유식 구조체에 사용되는 기초의 경우 수평방향 하중이 지배적이므로 그룹형 석션파일의 수평방향 지지거동을 3차원 유한요소 해석을 통해 분석하였다. 그룹형 석션파일은 근입깊이가 얕아서 강체기초 거동을 하게 되므로 수평방향 거동을 분석할 때 지표면 부근의 낮은 구속압을 받는 지반의 정밀한 거동 모사가 필요하다. 이를 위하여, 탄성계수, 지반강도 등을 지반 구속압에 따라 증가되도록 모델링하였다. 해석조건은 석션파일 중심간 거리, 그리고 사질토와 점성토의 지반조건 등을 변화시키며 변수연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 석션파일 사이의 간격이 증가함에 따라 점차 항복하중이 증가하였으며, 그룹형 석션파일의 항복하중은 S/D=5인 경우 회전을 허용한 단일형 석션파일 항복하중의 약 3배인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2024

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of concentric and eccentric contractions on muscle strength using an isokinetic dynamometer (ID) in college students in their 20s. It aimed to understand the impact of differences between the dominant and non-dominant sides on strength asymmetry and to elucidate the clinical implications of these differences to establish an appropriate posture and environment for patients. Methods : The experiment was conducted with 30 healthy adult participants. Prior to the experiment, participants underwent a warm-up targeting the shoulders, and efforts were made to eliminate factors that could potentially influence the measurement results. Subsequently, the maximum safe range of motion of shoulder joint abduction, extension, and flexion was measured using an isokinetic muscle function testing device. Muscle strength was assessed using concentric and eccentric contractions alternating between the dominant and non-dominant sides, and paired sample t-tests were used for the analysis. Results : There was no significant difference between bilateral peak torques for eccentric contraction in shoulder joint abduction, extension, and flexion (p>0.05). There was also no significant difference between bilateral peak torques for concentric contraction in shoulder joint abduction, extension and flexion (p>0.05). Conclusion : This study found no statistically significant difference in muscle strength between the dominant and non-dominant sides during concentric and eccentric contractions. However, previous studies have shown significant differences between the dominant and non-dominant sides during eccentric and concentric contractions during internal shoulder rotation in the general population, as well as significant differences in the upper trapezius muscle. Therefore, further research is needed to support the application of different intensities for bilateral muscle strengthening exercises in clinical practice.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.175-192
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify the care needs of family-caregivers to the patients with stroke. Subjects were 115 family-caregivers caring for the patients while they were in-patients or out-patients with stroke in two general hospitals and one oriental medicine hospital located in Seoul and Kwang-Ju. The instrument used for this study was made by the researcher on the basis of results of literature review and interviews with family-caregivers, composed of 35 items. Internal validity by calculation of cronbach's alpha with data of respondents was 0.91, which was regarded as high. The Data were analyzed by SAS program, with percentage, mean, t-test, and ANOVA. Factor structures of care needs of family-caregivers were elicited by factor analysis(PCA, Varimax rotation). Datum collection had been from July 1 to August 14, 1997. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The mean score of the sum of the care needs of family-caregivers was 3.96 and the highest-mean item was 'need for immediate care(M=4.77)', and the lowest-mean item was 'need for chaplian's visit (M=2.82)'. 2. Care needs of the family-caregivers were : Need to be informed of the disease, treatment and care ; need of education and assistance related to physical functional level ; need of social support and consultation ; need of management of nursing problem related to immobility ; need of appreciation ; need of the way to communicate with patients ; need of immediate care and help. The highest mean factor was the 'need for immediate care and help(M=4.74)', and the lowest mean factor was the 'need of appreciation(M=3.58)'. 3. The variables influencing the degree of care needs perceived by family-caregivers to the patients with stroke were as follows : There were significant differences between need to be informed of the disease, treatment and care and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's sex (p=.0178), caring period(p=.0223) and patient's suffering period(p=.0244). There were significant differences between need of education and assistance related to physical functional level and general characteristic factors, which were patient's paralysis(p=.0177), patient's ADL dependency(p=.0032). There were significant differences between need of social support and consultation and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's sex(p=.0055), occupation(p=.0159), religion(p=.0093) and patient's sex(p=.0134). There was significant difference in the degree of need of management of nursing problem related to immobility, according to the patient's ADL dependency(p=.0493). There were significant differences between need of appreciation and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's age(p=.0107), sex(p=.0133), and patient's age(p=.0338). There were significant differences between need of the way to communicate with patient and general characteristic factors, which were patient's paralysis(p=.0002) and aphasia(p=.0001). There were significant differences between need of immediate care and help and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's caring period(p=.0162) and patient's suffering period(p=.0116). 4. The mean score of patient's ADL dependency was 3. 38 and the highest-mean item was 'ascending and descending stairs(M=4.12)', and the lowest-mean item was 'drinking(M=2.60)'. There was no significant difference in the degrees of care needs related to the patient's ADL dependency. 5. The highest information source of family-caregivers was from the doctors about the disease, treatment and care(26.1%). The second highest one was from mass media(20.8%), and the third one was from the nurses. The above findings may be used as the basic data to seek more efficient way of elevating nursing practice and quality for family-caregivers to the patients with stroke.

• 대한간호
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.77-96
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• 1997

The duty shifts of hospital nurses not only affect nurses' physical and mental health but also present various personnel management problems which often result in high turnover rates. In this context a study was carried out from October to November 1995 for a period of two months to find out the status of hospital nurses' duty shift patterns, and preferred duty hours and fixed duty shifts. The study population was 867 RNs working in five general hospitals located in Seoul and its vicinity. The questionnaire developed by the writer was used for data collection. The response rate was 85.9 percent or 745 returns. The SAS program was used for data analysis with the computation of frequencies, percentages and Chi square test. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. General characteristics of the study population: 56 percent of respondents was (25 years group and 76.5 percent were "single": the predominant proportion of respondents was junior nursing college graduates(92.2%) and have less than 5 years nursing experience in hospitals(65.5%). For their future working plan in nursing profession, nearly 50% responded as uncertain The reasons given for their career plan was predominantly 'personal growth and development' rather than financial reasons. 2. The interval for rotations of duty stations was found to be mostly irregular(56.4%) while others reported as weekly(16.1%), monthly(12.9%), and fixed terms(4.6%). 3. The main problems related to duty shifts particularly the evening and night duty nurses reported were "not enough time for the family, " "afraid of security problems after the work when returning home late at night." and "lack of leisure time". "problems in physical and physiological adjustment." "problems in family life." "lack of time for interactions with fellow nurses" etc. 4. The forty percent of respondents reported to have '1-2 times' of duty shift rotations while all others reported that '0 time'. '2-3 times'. 'more than 3 times' etc. which suggest the irregularity in duty shift rotations. 5. The majority(62.8%) of study population found to favor the rotating system of duty stations. The reasons for favoring the rotation system were: the opportunity for "learning new things and personal development." "better human relations are possible. "better understanding in various duty stations." "changes in monotonous routine job" etc. The proportion of those disfavor the rotating 'system was 34.7 percent. giving the reasons of"it impedes development of specialization." "poor job performances." "stress factors" etc. Furthermore. respondents made the following comments in relation to the rotation of duty stations: the nurses should be given the opportunity to participate in the. decision making process: personal interest and aptitudes should be considered: regular intervals for the rotations or it should be planned in advance. etc. 6. For the future career plan. the older. married group with longer nursing experiences appeared to think the nursing as their lifetime career more likely than the younger. single group with shorter nursing experiences ($x^2=61.19.{\;}p=.000;{\;}x^2=41.55.{\;}p=.000$). The reason given for their future career plan regardless of length of future service, was predominantly "personal growth and development" rather than financial reasons. For further analysis, the group those with the shorter career plan appeared to claim "financial reasons" for their future career more readily than the group who consider the nursing job as their lifetime career$(x^2$= 11.73, p=.003) did. This finding suggests the need for careful .considerations in personnel management of nursing administration particularly when dealing with the nurses' career development. The majority of respondents preferred the fixed day shift. However, further analysis of those preferred evening shift by age and civil status, "< 25 years group"(15.1%) and "single group"(13.2) were more likely to favor the fixed evening shift than > 25 years(6.4%) and married(4.8%)groups. This differences were statistically significant ($x^2=14.54, {\;}p=.000;{\;}x^2=8.75, {\;}p=.003$). 7. A great majority of respondents(86.9% or n=647) found to prefer the day shifts. When the four different types of duty shifts(Types A. B. C, D) were presented, 55.0 percent of total respondents preferred the A type or the existing one followed by D type(22.7%). B type(12.4%) and C type(8.2%). 8. When the condition of monetary incentives for the evening(20% of salary) and night shifts(40% of. salary) of the existing duty type was presented. again the day shift appeared to be the most preferred one although the rate was slightly lower(66.4% against 86.9%). In the case of evening shift, with the same incentive, the preference rates for evening and night shifts increased from 11.0 to 22.4 percent and from 0.5 to 3.0 percent respectively. When the age variable was controlled. < 25 yrs group showed higher rates(31.6%. 4.8%) than those of > 25 yrs group(15.5%. 1.3%) respectively preferring the evening and night shifts(p=.000). The civil status also seemed to operate on the preferences of the duty shifts as the single group showed lower rate(69.0%) for day duty against 83. 6% of the married group. and higher rates for evening and night duties(27.2%. 15.1%) respectively against those of the married group(3.8%. 1.8%) while a higher proportion of the married group(83. 6%) preferred the day duties than the single group(69.0%). These differences were found to be statistically all significant(p=.001). 9. The findings on preferences of three different types of fixed duty hours namely, B, C. and D(with additional monetary incentives) are as follows in order of preference: B type(12hrs a day, 3days a wk): day shift(64.1%), evening shift(26.1%). night shift(6.5%) C type(12hrs a day. 4days a wk) : evening shift(49.2%). day shift(32.8%), night shift(11.5%) D type(10hrs a day. 4days a wk): showed the similar trend as B type. The findings of higher preferences on the evening and night duties when the incentives are given. as shown above, suggest the need for the introductions of different patterns of duty hours and incentive measures in order to overcome the difficulties in rostering the nursing duties. However, the interpretation of the above data, particularly the C type, needs cautions as the total number of respondents is very small(n=61). It requires further in-depth study. In conclusion. it seemed to suggest that the patterns of nurses duty hours and shifts in the most hospitals in the country have neither been tried for different duty types nor been flexible. The stereotype rostering system of three shifts and insensitiveness for personal life aspect of nurses seemed to be prevailing. This study seems to support that irregular and frequent rotations of duty shifts may be contributing factors for most nurses' maladjustment problems in physical and mental health. personal and family life which eventually may result in high turnover rates. In order to overcome the increasing problems in personnel management of hospital nurses particularly in rostering of evening and night duty shifts, which may related to eventual high turnover rates, the findings of this study strongly suggest the need for an introduction of new rostering systems including fixed duties and appropriate incentive measures for evenings and nights which the most nurses want to avoid, In considering the nursing care of inpatients is the round-the clock business. the practice of the nursing duty shift system is inevitable. In this context, based on the findings of this study. the following are recommended: 1. The further in-depth studies on duty shifts and hours need to be undertaken for the development of appropriate and effective rostering systems for hospital nurses. 2. An introduction of appropriate incentive measures for evening and night duty shifts along with organizational considerations such as the trials for preferred duty time bands, duty hours, and fixed duty shifts should be considered if good quality of care for the patients be maintained for the round the clock. This may require an initiation of systematic research and development activities in the field of hospital nursing administration as a part of permanent system in the hospital. 3. Planned and regular intervals, orientation and training, and professional and personal growth should be considered for the rotation of different duty stations or units. 4. In considering the higher degree of preferences in the duty type of "10hours a day, 4days a week" shown in this study, it would be worthwhile to undertake the R&D type studies in large hospital settings.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2001

목적 : 근위 경골 종양의 광범위 절제술에 따른 재건술은 적절한 연부 조직의 피복(cover age), 슬관절 신전 장치(knee extensor apparatus), 특히 슬개건의 견고한 재부착이 어려워 슬관절의 기능적 결과가 만족스럽지 않은 것으로 알려져 있는바, 근위 경골의 골육종으로 광범위 절제 후 종양 대치물 삽입으로 사지 구제술을 시행 받은 환자에서 기능을 평가하고 문제점을 분석하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1992년 4월부터 1998년 10월까지 경골 근위부의 골육종으로 확진된 후 종양 대치물을 이용한 사지 구제술을 시술 받은 11명을 대상으로 하였다. 남자가 6명, 여자가 5명이었으며, 환자의 나이는 15세에서 65세로 평균 23.7세였다. 추시 기간은 최단 1년에서 최장 4년 6개월로, 평균 2년 5개월이었다. 최종 기능평가는 1993년 국제 사지 보존 회의(International Symposium On Limb Salvage; ISOLS)에서 수정 보완한 방법을 이용하여 동통, 기능(functional activity), 환자의 정서적 만족도(emotional acceptance), 보조기 사용여부(use of external support), 보행 능력(walking ability), 그리고 보행 상태(gait)등 여섯 가지로 나누어 평가하였다. 각각의 요소를 최하 0점에서 최고 5점으로 하고 그 중간을 정도에 따라 1, 2, 3, 4점으로 점수화하여 정상 기능에 대한 백분율(% )로 표시하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 기능 평가 성적은 정상 기능에 대해 최고 86.7%에서 최저 53.3%로 평균 68.3%를 나타냈으며, 세부적으로 보면 동통이 82.5%, 기능이 62.5%, 정서적 만족도가 67.5%, 보조기 사용여부는 77.5%, 보행능력은 62.5%, 보행상태는 57.5%였다. 슬관절의 평균 운동범위는 신전 5도, 굴곡 85도였으며, 5례에서 최소 5도, 최고 15도, 평균 10도의 신전 제한(extension lag)을 보였다. 합병증으로는 2명에서 수술 후 감염 소견을 보였으며 1명은 항생제 치료로 호전되었으나 다른 1명은 종양 구조물 제거 후 관절고정술로 전환이 필요하였다. 결론 : 경골 근위부의 골육종 환자에서 광범위 절제 후 종양 대치물 삽입에 의한 사지구제술의 기능 평가 성적은 감염이 합병되지 않은 경우에는 전반적으로 양호하였으나, 동통 소실, 보조기 사용여부에 비해 슬관절의 부분 강직 및 extension lag로 인해 기능, 정서적 만족도, 보행등에서 덜 만족스러웠다. 임상적으로 더 만족스러운 결과를 얻기 위해 수술 후 대퇴사두근 강화 운동 및 굴곡 운동 등의 적극적인 재활 치료가 필요한 것으로 생각된다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.293-303
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• 2012

최근 건설기술의 발전에 따라 구조물이 대형화, 고층화, 장대화되고 있으며, 동시에 다양한 기능을 수행하고 있다. 그러나 요즘 들어 그 빈도수가 증가하고 있는 충돌 사고나 테러에 의한 폭발, 화재 등에 의한 극한하중이 상기의 구조물에 작용할 경우, 구조물의 손상뿐만 아니라 인명과 재산의 피해 정도가 상당히 커질 수 있다. 특히, 충격이나 폭발하중은 구조물에 작용하는 압력 또는 하중이 매우 짧은 시간에 발생하게 되고, 이러한 하중을 받는 구조물은 준-정적(quasi-static) 하중을 받는 구조물과는 다른 응답을 나타내게 되며 반드시 변형률 속도와 손상 효과를 고려해서 설계가 이루어져야 한다. 그러므로 이 연구에서는 콘크리트 슬래브의 충격저항성능 향상을 위해서 강섬유를 전체 부피의 0%에서 1.5%까지 혼입하고, 두 가지 종류의 FRP 시트를 인장부에 보강하여 저속 충격하중에서의 휨 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 FRP 시트를 인장부에 보강할 경우에 최대 충격하중 및 소산에너지, 파괴 시의 타격 횟수가 증가하였으며, 최대 처짐 및 회전각은 감소하여 충격저항성능이 크게 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 추후 극한하중에 노출될 수 있는 주요 시설물의 설계 시 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 이 논문에서는 두 가지 종류의 FRP 시트로 보강된 강섬유 보강 콘크리트 슬래브의 저속 충격하중에서의 동적응답을 해석하기 위하여 외연적 시간적분에 기초한 유한요소해석 프로그램인 LS-DYNA를 사용하였으며, 해석 결과 오차율 5% 이내로 비교적 정확하게 최대 처짐을 예측하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.67-88
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• 2019

웹툰은 인터넷의 특징적 요소들을 활용하여 제작되는 만화 콘텐츠를 온라인 환경에서 소비 가능한 형태로 유통하는 한국형 디지털 만화 플랫폼이다. 최근 웹툰 산업의 급격한 성장과 함께 웹툰 콘텐츠의 공급량이 기하급수적으로 증가함에 따라, 효과적인 웹툰 콘텐츠 추천 방안의 필요성이 커지고 있다. 웹툰은 회화적 요소와 문학적 요소, 디지털 요소의 복합적 산물로서, 독자로 하여금 재미를 느끼게 하고 웹툰이 연출하는 상황에 이입·공감하게 하는 등 소비자의 감성을 자극하는 디지털 콘텐츠 상품이다. 따라서 웹툰이 소비자에게 전달하는 감성이 소비자가 웹툰을 선택함에 있어 중요한 기준으로 작용할 것이라 기대할 수 있다. 본 연구는 기존에 충분히 논의되지 않았던 소비자 감성을 중심으로, 웹툰 콘텐츠의 효과적인 추천을 지원할 수 있는 소비자 감성 패턴맵의 개발을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구의 수행을 위해 '네이버 웹툰' 플랫폼에서 서비스되는 200개 작품에 대한 메타데이터와 소비자 감성어휘 정보를 수집하였다. 분석 목적에 부합하지 않는 작품을 제외한 127개 작품에 대해 488개의 감성어휘가 수집되었다. 이후 수집된 감성어휘들 간 유사감성 통합, 중복감성 배제 과정을 Bottom-up 접근으로 수행하여 총 63개 감성유형으로 축소된 웹툰 특화 감성지표를 구축하였다. 구축한 감성지표에 대한 탐색적 요인분석을 수행하여 웹툰 유형을 분류할 수 있는 3개의 중요 차원을 도출하고, 이를 기준으로 K-Means 클러스터링을 수행하여 전체 웹툰을 4개 유형으로 분류하였다. 각각의 유형에 대해 웹툰-감성 2-Mode 네트워크를 구축하여 웹툰 유형별로 나타나는 감성 패턴의 특징을 살펴보았으며, 프로파일링 분석을 통해 웹툰 유형별 인사이트와 실무적으로 의미 있는 전략적 시사점을 도출할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 웹툰의 추천 및 분류의 영역에서 소비자 감성의 활용 가능성을 확인하고, 웹툰 생태계 내 구성원들이 소비자를 보다 잘 이해하고 전략을 수립할 수 있도록 돕는 가이드라인을 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.21-22
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• 2019

Melanin is a mixture of pigmented biopolymers synthesized by epidermal melanocytes that determine the skin, eye, and hair colors. Melanocytes produce two different kinds of melanin, eumelanin (dark brown/black insoluble pigments found in dark skin and dark hair and pheomelanin (lighter red/yellow). The biological role of melanin is to prevent skin damage by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, the overproduction or deficiency of melanin synthesis could lead to serious dermatological problems, which include melasma, melanoderma, lentigo, and vitiligo. Therefore, regulating melanin production is important to prevent the pigmentation disorders. Myanmar has a rich in natural resources. However, the chemical constituents of these natural resources in Myanmar have not been fully investigated. In the effort to search for compounds with anti-melanin deposition activity from Myanmar natural resources, five plants were collected in Myanmar. Extracts of these collected five plants were tested for anti-melanin deposition activity against a mouse melanoma cell line (B16-F10) induced with ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), and their anti-melanin deposition activities were compared with the positive control, arbutin. Among the tested extracts, the CHCl3 extracts of the Premna serratifolia (syn: P. integrifolia) wood showed anti-melanin deposition activities with IC50 values of $81.3{\mu}g/mL$. Hence, this study aims to identify secondary metabolites with anti-melanin deposition activity from P. serratifolia wood of Myanmar. P. serratifolia belongs to the Verbenaceae family and is widely distributed in near western sea coast from South Asia to South East Asia, which include India, Malaysia, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Sri Lanka. People in Tanintharyi region located in the southern part of Myanmar utilize the P. serratifolia, Sperethusa crenulata, Naringi crenulata, and Limonia acidissima as Thanaka, traditional cosmetics in Myanmar. Thanaka is applied in the form of paste onto skins to make it smooth and clear, as well as to prevent wrinkles, skin aging, excessive facial oil, pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads. However, the chemical constituents responsible for their cosmetic properties are yet to be identified. Moreover, the chemical constituents of P. serratifolia was almost uncharacterized. Investigation of the P. serratifolia chemical constituents is thus an attractive endeavor to discover new anti-melanin deposition active compounds. The investigation of the chemical constituents of the active CHCl3 extract of P. serratifolia led to isolation of four new lignoids, premnan A (1), premnan B (2), taungtangyiol C (3), and 7,9-dihydroxydolichanthin B (4), together with premnan C (5) (assumed to be an artifact), one natural newlignoid,(3R,4S)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylcarbonyl)-3-[(R)-1-(1,3-benzo dioxol-5-yl)-1-hydroxy methyl]tetrahydro-2-furanone (6), and five known compounds (7-11)1,2). The structures of all isolated compounds were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data and by comparison with the reported literatures. The absolute configurations of 1-3 and 5 were also determined by optical rotation and circular dichroism (CD) data analyses1). The anti-melanin deposition activities of all the isolated compounds were evaluated against B16-F10 cell line. 7,9-Dihydroxydolichanthin B (4) and ($2{\alpha},3{\alpha}$)-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (11) showed strong anti-melanin deposition activities with IC50 values of 18.4 and $11.2{\mu}M$, respectively, without cytotoxicity2). On the other hand, compounds 1-3, 5, and 7 showed melanogenesis enhancing activities1). To better understand their anti-melanin deposition mechanism, the effects of 4 and 11 on tyrosinase activities were investigated. The assay indicated that compounds 4 and 11 did not inhibit tyrosinase. Furthermore, we also examined the mRNA expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2). Compounds 4 and 11 down-regulated the expression of Tyr and Mitf mRNAs, respectively. Although the P. serratifolia wood has been used as traditional cosmetics in Myanmar for centuries, there are no scientific evidences to support its effectiveness as cosmetics. Investigation of the anti-melanin deposition activity of the chemical constituents of P. serratifolia thus provided insight into the effectiveness of the P. serratifolia wood as a cosmetic agent.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.63-92
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• 2012

본 연구는 소비자가 지각하는 유통업체의 위치기반 모바일 쇼핑정보 서비스에 대한 정보의 상황관련성과 정보자극에 대한 PAD 감정변수들(환기, 지배력, 즐거움) 간의 상호 인과관계와 이용의도에 대한 이들의 효과를 실증 연구 하였다. 미국 내 모바일 이용자를 대상으로 무작위 표본추출법에 근거하여 추출되었고, 총 335명의 사용가능한 응답이 수거되었다. 분석결과, 환기와 상황관련성은 즐거움에 정(+)의 영향을 주었으나 지배력은 즐거움에 유의한 영향력을 나타내지 않았다. 즐거움은 이용의도에 정(+)의 영향을 주었다. 본 연구를 통해 위치기반 모바일 서비스에 대한 소비자의 인지적 반응과 감정적 반응을 통합적으로 살펴보았으며, PAD 감정차원간의 체계적인 관계를 규명하였다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 모바일 쇼핑서비스 개발자, 유통업체, 그리고 마케팅 실무자를 위한 시사점을 논의하였으며, 연구의 한계점과 더불어 향후 연구 방향을 제시하였다.