• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.459-466
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• 2012

유전체 장벽 방전(Dielectric Barrier Discharge; DBD) 플라즈마의 처리 성능을 개선시키기 위하여, 플라즈마+ UV 공정과 기-액 혼합기의 적용에 대해 연구하였다. 처리 대상물질로는 표백효과에 의해 육안으로 쉽게 확인이 가능하고 분석이 간편한 OH 라디칼 생성의 간접 지표인 N, N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (RNO)이었다. 기본 플라즈마 반응기는 플라즈마 반응기 [석영관 유전체, 티타늄 방전(내부) 전극, 및 접지(외부) 전극], 공기와 전원 공급장치로 구성되어 있다. 플라즈마 반응기의 개선은 기본 플라즈마 반응기에 UV 공정과의 결합, 기-액 혼합기의 적용에 의해 이루어 졌다. 플라즈마+ UV 공정의 UV 전력 변화(0~10 W), 기-액 혼합기의 존재 유무와 형태, 공기 유량(1~6 L/min), 산기관 기공 크기 범위(16~$160{\mu}m$), 액체 순환 유량(2.8~9.4 L/min) 및 개선된 플라즈마+ UV 공정에서 UV 전력의 영향 등이 평가되었다. 실험 결과 플라즈마+ UV 공정은 기본 플라즈마 반응기보다 RNO 처리율이 7.36% 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 기-액 혼합기의 적용이 플라즈마+ UV 공정보다 RNO 처리율이 더 높은 것으로 나타났고, 기-액 혼합법에 따른 RNO 분해는 기-액 혼합기 > 펌프 순환 > 기본 반응기의 순으로 나타났다. 산기관 형 기-액 혼합기에 의한 RNO 처리율 증가는 17.42%로 나타났다. 최적 공기 유량, 산기관 기포 크기 범위 및 순환 유량은 각각 4 L/min, 40~$100{\mu}m$와 6.9 L/min으로 나타났다. 기-액 혼합기 플라즈마+ UV공정의 경합으로 인한 시너지 효과는 미미한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.621-629
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• 2018

Many chemically active species such as ${\cdot}H$, ${\cdot}OH$, $O_3$, $H_2O_2$, hydrated $e^-$, as well as ultraviolet rays, are produced by Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma in water and are widely use to remove non-biodegradable materials and deactivate microorganisms. As the plasma gas containing chemically active species that is generated from the plasma reaction has a short lifetime and low solubility in water, increasing the dissolution rate of this gas is an important challenge. To this end, the plasma gas and water within reactor were mixed using the air-automizing nozzle, and then, water-gas mixture was injected into water. The dissolving effect of plasma gas was indirectly confirmed by measuring the RNO (N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline, indicator of the formation of OH radical) solution. The plasma system consisted of an oxygen generator, a high-voltage power supply, a plasma generator and a liquid-gas mixing reactor. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of location of air-automizing nozzle, flow rate of plasma gas, water circulation rate, and high-voltage on RNO degradation. The experimental results showed that the RNO removal efficiency of the air-automizing nozzle is 29.8% higher than the conventional diffuser. The nozzle position from water surface was not considered to be a major factor in the design and operation of the plasma reactor. The plasma gas flow rate and water circulation rate with the highest RNO removal rate were 3.5 L/min and 1.5 L/min, respectively. The ratio of the plasma gas flow rate to the water circulation rate for obtaining an RNO removal rate of over 95% was 1.67 ~ 4.00.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.337-346
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• 2005

An MSBR using a membrane for not only filtration but also aeration (MA-MSBR) was designed to reduce membrane fouling and to enhance water quality, and compared with an MSBR using a membrane for only filtration (BA-MSBR). COD removal efficiency of the MA-MSBR was similar to that of the BA-MSBR, but membrane performance of the MA-MSBR was better than that of the BA-MSBR. The MA-MSBR had more small particles in mixed liquor, so the specific cake resistance of flocs in the MA-MSBR was higher than that in the BA-MSBR. However, in the aerobic reaction step of the MA-MSBR, air went through membrane pores and out of the membrane surface, so cake layers on the membrane surface and a portion of organics adsorbed on membrane pores could be removed periodically. Therefore, cake resistance, $R_c$, and fouling resistance by adsorption and blocking, $R_f$, for the MA-MSBR increased more slowly than those for the BA-MSBR. Additionally, in order to compare the energy efficiency for two MSBRs, oxygen transfer efficiency and power to supply air into the reactor by a membrane module and a bubble stone diffuser were measured using deionized water. From these measurements, the transferred oxygen amount per unit energy was calculated, resulting that of MA-MSBR was slightly higher than that of BA-MSBR.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2009

An ejector is a machine utilized for mixing fluid, maintaining a vacuum, and transporting fluid. The Ejector enhances system efficiency, are easily operated, have a mechnically simple structure, and do not require a power supply. Because of these advantages, the ejector has been applied to a variety of industrial fields such as refrigerators, power plants and oil plants. In this work, an ejector was used to safely recycle anode tail gas in a 5 kW Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell system at KEPRI(Korea Electric Power Research Institute). In this system, the ejector is placed at mixing point between the anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas or the fresh air. Commercial ejectors are not designed for the actual operating conditions for our fuel cell system. A new ejector was therefore designed for use beyond conventional operating limits. In this study, the entrainment ratio is measured according to the diametrical ratio of nozzle to throat in the designed ejector. This helps to define important criteria of ejectors for MCFC recycling.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2011

In this study, an underfloor air distribution(UFAD) system installed on the S. office building was evaluated for its indoor environmental quality performance. Field measurement and survey were conducted for the overall POE(Post Occupied Evaluation). PMV(including temperature, humidity, air velocity and globe temperature) and several environmental components were measured while thermal comfort, thermal sensation, acoustical environment and others. were investigated through survey. Except for the direct upper part of the air supply diffuser on the floor, the indoor velocity was less than 0.25m/s, which has been suggested by ASHRAES tandard 55 as the limit for thermal comfort. MRT of the perimeter zone of the room showed a higher value than that in the interior because of the introduced solar radiation through the building envelope. PMV was generally maintained in the range of thermal comfort (from -0.5 to +0.5), though it weighted to the warm side. It was reported to have 61% positive response on thermal comfort and 55% on neutral thermal sensation. The results of each survey item showed some gender-based differences. Specifically, female respondents had higher degree of dissatisfaction with indoor air cleanness and acoustical privacy. The working surface showed more than 400 lux and the equivalent noise level showed less than 50 dB(A). In conclusion, the results of the measurement and survey showed good agreement. Indoor environmental quality of the subject office room where the UFAD system was installed showed an overall excellent performance.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.534-539
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• 2006

The supply of oxygen for aeration is the largest energy consumer at activated sludge wastewater treatment plants. Replacement of less efficient aeration systems with fine pore aeration devices can save up to 50 percent of aeration energy costs. The purpose of this study was the diagnosis and evaluation of a domestic wastewater aeration system by the off-gas method which had been studied by US EPA and ASCE. For this study, an off-gas analyzer and its hood were made to collect off-gas. Also, a vacuum pump was connected to the analyzer to make suction of off-gas. Experiments were conducted at a domestic activated sludge wastewater treatment plant which had a single spiral roll aeration system installed with P.E tube diffuser. Data on OTE(f), SOTE(pw), OUR, and air flow rate were obtained from these experiments. In case of replacing an aeration system, it is recommended that it should be replaced with perforated membrane disc or ceramic disc fine bubble diffusers installed in a full floor coverage or grid pattern.