• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제9권8호
• /
• pp.7-17
• /
• 2022

The article discusses the problems caused by inflation in the developing Asia-Pacific region during the time of the worldwide pandemic and suggests innovative solutions to the problem. The reality is that some of the commodity groups from the consumer basket (e.g., non-seasonal fruits, electronics, furniture, hotel, and restaurant services, etc.) fail to reflect the needs of the low-income earners, which make the majority in developing countries. At the same time, the inflation targeting regime has become outdated and not reliable, because of uncontrolled exogenic factors (imported inflation, fluctuation in oil prices, supply chain disruption, Russia-Ukraine war, etc.) prevailing on endogenic factors and thus making it impossible to control the price stability, especially in developing countries. Since, the old-fashioned inflation index and inflation targeting mechanisms regrettably fail to fully reflect both the society and governmental/central banks' expectations, based on which we first should have better care and second create better policies; we propose to use a combination of already well-known indexes and policies, with the new statistical indicators, which reflects price fluctuations on the medication, utilities, and nutrition.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 2010

Hematoma of gastric wall is very rare, and occasionally associated with coagulopathy, trauma, peptic ulcer disease, and therapeutic endoscopy. Ischemic gastric necrosis is also rare because of the abundant anastomotic supply to the stomach, and it is usually associated with surgery and disruption of the major vessels. Endoscopic submucosal injection of hypertonic saline-epinephrine (HS-E) is a safe, cost-effective, and widely used therapy for hemostasis but it may cause tissue necrosis and perforation. We describe a case of gastric wall hematoma with oozing bleeding after endoscopic gastric mucosa biopsy in 71-year old woman with chronic renal failure and angina pectoris undergoing anti-platelet medication. We injected a small dose of HS-E (7ml) for controlling oozing bleeding. Two days later, endoscopy showed huge ulcer with necrotic tissue at the site of previously hematoma. Therefore we should pay particular attention for hematoma and mucosal necrosis when performing endoscopic procedure in a patients with high bleeding and atherosclerotic risk.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.1105-1113
• /
• 2004

Disinfection of a waterborne pathogenic protozoa, Giardia lamblia, by the conventional chlorine method has been known to be difficult. An alternative disinfection has been carried out by using a UV -light illuminating optical­fiber photoreactor. Light intensity diffused from one piece of a clad-removed optical-fiber was $1- 1.5{\mu}Em^{-2}s^{-1}$. Disinfection capability in a UV -light irradiated optical-fiber reactor suspended with 0.01 g $TiO_{2}\;dm^{-3}$ was 1.4 times that in the same reactor without $TiO_{2}$ photocatalysts. To resolve the absorption and scattering of UV light by the particles themselves as well as the difficulty of recycling particles in the slurry­type reactor, $TiO_{2}$ which was obtained by a hydrothermal method, was immobilized on clad-removed optical fibers. Such pretreatment of fiber surface resulted in an excellent transparency, which enhanced the UV light to diffuse laterally from a fiber surface. Coating time of the prepared solution by the hydrothermal method was not effective after more than two times. Disinfection capability in the $TiO_{2}$-immobilized optical-fiber reactor was $83\%$ in 1 h at $40^{\circ}C$, which was slightly higher than $76\%$ at $22^{\circ}C$ and $68\%$ at $10^{\circ}C$. Disinfection capability at $22^{\circ}C$ increased from $74\%$ at an initial pH of 3.4, through $76\%$ at pH 6.5, to $87\%$ at an initial pH of 10. Oxygen supply with air-flow rate of 5 $cm^3\;min^{-1}$ did not seem to increase the disinfection capability with UV /immobilized $TiO_2$.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2004

In this study we investigated whether ATP loss was involved in the potentiated death of immunostimulated rat primary astrocytes in glucose-deprived condition. Rat primary astrocytes immunostimulated with LPS plus IFN-${\gamma}$ for 48 h underwent death upon glucose deprivation, which dependent on the production of peroxynitrite. Intracellular ATP level synergistically decreased by glucose deprivation in immunostimulated astrocytes but not in control cells, and the loss of ATP occurred well ahead of the LDH release. The synergistic cell death and ATP loss by immunostimulation and glucose deprivation were inhibited by iNOS inhibitor (L-NAME and L-NNA) or peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst (also a superoxide anion scavenger), Mn(III)tetrakis(N-methyl-4'-pyridyl)porphyrin (MnTMPyP). Exogenous addition of peroxynitrite generator, SIN-l timedependently induced ATP loss and cell death in the glucose-deprived astrocytes. Depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and dis겨ption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) were also observed under same conditions. Supply cellular ATP by the addition of exogenous adenosine or ATP during glucose deprivation inhibited ATP depletion, GSH depletion, MTP disruption and cell death in SIN-l treated or immunostimulated astrocytes. This study showed that perturbation in the regulation of intracellular ATP level in immunostimulated astrocytes might make them more vulnerable to energy challenging stimuli.

• 한국전자거래학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 2012

최근 지구 온난화와 에너지 고갈 및 환경파괴로 인한 환경 문제에 대하여 세계 각국에서 심각하게 고민하고 있으며, 전기자동차의 상용화를 앞두고 이산화탄소 배출의 저감 및 효율적인 에너지 사용이 중요시 되고 있다. 또한, IT 기술의 발달과 함께 독점적인 전력공급에서 수요자가 참여하는 양방향 커뮤니케이션의 스마트 그리드의 개념이 도입되었다. 주요 국가들에서는 스마트 미터의 보급과 함께 에너지 사용의 효율성 개선을 위하여, 전력 경쟁시장에서 소비자의 수요반응의 활성화를 위한 인센티브의 지급 등의 정책도입이 요구되고 있다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 머지않아 등장할 소매전력시장에서 소비자의 수요반응을 증진하여 소비자의 전기 사용 비용을 절감하며 소매사업자의 이익을 최대화하는 전력 가격결정 모델을 제시하였다. 소비자 수요반응 참여율과 가격 탄성률에 따른 시뮬레이션을 시행하여 수요 반응을 나타내는 소비자 별 탄성률을 모든 소비자가 시간대별 고정 값을 사용하는 것과 소비자 별 탄성률을 예측하는 것을 비교하였다. 이를 통하여 전력 소매 시장에서 소비자의 에너지 사용을 줄이고 소매업자의 이익을 최대화할 수 있음을 밝혔다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.451-472
• /
• 2017

OPEC의 생산량 발표는 원유 가격에 중대한 영향을 미치는 공급교란 요인이다. 본 연구에서는 OPEC 발표가 원유 시장에 미치는 영향을 사건연구 방법론을 이용하여 분석하였다. 특히 유가 변동 및 구조변화 시기를 고려하여 유가 기간을 3개 구간으로 구분하고, OPEC의 감산, 증산, 유지 발표가 WTI 원유 수익률에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 각 기간별로 OPEC 발표에 따른 비정상 수익 발생의 정도와 방향이 다름을 확인하였다. 또한 유가 급등기와 급락기를 구분하여 OPEC의 생산량 유지 발표의 영향을 분석한 결과, 유가 급락 조정 기간에 유지 발표에 따른 현저한 양(+)의 비정상 수익이 유의하게 발생하였다. 본 연구는 유가 변동 시기별 OPEC 발표의 영향 및 원유거래 전략에 대한 정책적 시사점을 제공한다.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 2014

Background: Angiogenesis has been recognized an essential precondition for osteogenesis. Because reduction and disruption of the blood supply to tissue cause tissue hypoxia, pathological bone loss affected by hypoxia often can occur in various clinical conditions. The effects of propofol on the process of osteogenesis have received little direct attention. Therefore, we investigated the effect of propofol on the growth and function of osteoblasts under hypoxic condition. Methods: After propofol (3, 30, $300{\mu}M$) preconditioning for 2 hours, hFOB 1.19 human osteoblast cells were cultured under 1 % oxygen tension for 48 hours. Using real time PCR and western blot analysis, we analyzed the expression of, BMP-2, TGF-${\beta}1$, type I collagen, osteocalcin, HIF-1s and Akt. Cell viability was also determined by MTT assay. Results: Propofol preconditioning on hypoxic-cultured osteoblast promoted the expressions of BMP-2, TGF-${\beta}1$, type I collagen and osteocalcin and induced hypoxia-mediated HIF-1 activation and the expression of Akt protein. Propofol with $300{\mu}M$ significant decreased cell viability compared to control. Conclusions: Clinically relevant concentrations of propofol are not cytotoxic to hypoxic osteoblasts in vitro. Propofol preconditioning on hypoxic-cultured osteoblast stimulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast through induced expression of BMP-2, TGF-${\beta}1$, type I collagen and osteocalcin. Propofol might promote angiogenesis and bone regeneration under hypoxic condition.

• Archives of Hand and Microsurgery
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.290-295
• /
• 2018

저자는 종아리동맥의 천공지를 이용하여 발목을 재건하려는 중 천공지가 절단되어 비복신경과 복재정맥만 보존된 피판의 성공적인 생존을 경험하였다. 24세 아시안 남성에서 전신마취 하에 종아리 동맥 천공지, 복재정맥, 비복신경을 확인하고 보존하고 피판을 회전시키는 과정에서 종아리 동맥 천공지의 절단이 발생하였다. 천공지의 손상에도 불구하고 피판의 경계에서 혈행이 확인되었다. 수술 후 환자는 특이 합병증 없이 회복되었고, 미용적인 결과와 기능적인 결과에서 모두 만족스러웠다. 몇몇 연구에서 비복신경과 동반하는 혈행을 보고하고 있다. 결과적으로, 종아리 동맥의 천공지 없이 비복신경과 동반하는 동맥의 혈류만으로도 충분한 혈액 공급이 가능하였다. 따라서 어느 환경에서나 그리고 어느 부위에서나 피판의 천공지뿐만 아니라 신경-혈관을 보존하는 것이 중요하다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2019

이상고온 현상으로 전력수요가 예측치를 초과하여 대규모 정전사태가 발생하고 있다. 과밀화된 도시의 경우, 예상치 못한 에너지 수급 차질은 막대한 경제적 피해를 초래하고 도시기능을 마비시키는 중요한 위협요소이다. 기존 비상전력 수요량을 추정하는 방법은 도시의 공간적 차원에서 현실적 수요량을 추정할 수 없어 비상시 예비전력 관리가 용이하지 않다. 본 논문은 도시의 공간정보와 건축물 용도별 평상시 에너지소비 원단위, 비상시 전력수요 원단위를 활용하여 비상전력수요의 공간적 분포를 규명하고, 이를 활용하여 비상전력 수요량을 예측하는 방법론을 제시한다.

• 한국지형학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.31-45
• /
• 2018

This study investigated the characteristics of sedimentary environment changes across a tidal flat in Gagyeongju of Anmyeondo Island. We performed a spatio-temporal analysis on the grain sizes composition of sediments and micro-landform changes during the winter from 2013 to 2016. The results showed that erosion was a dominant processthroughout the study flat, reducing the surface elevation even by 1 m around the upper sand flat. As a consequence, headlands have formed in the entire region of Gagyeongju village. In addition, erosion quickly progressed along the low-lying subtidal zone and tide way and, in contrast, sedimentation progressed in the mid-elevation tidal flat. We posit that a jetty, which had been constructed as a pier facility on the eastern part of the study area, interfered with the flow of tidal current, thereby enhancing these erosional processes. This is because such interference can block the supply of fine-textured sediments from the nearby Cheonsu Bay and therefore reduce surface elevation. According to the surface sediment analysis, the sediments were categorized into 7 sedimentary facies, and generally displayed a high ratio of silt and clay. The result of time-series analysis (2012-2013) showed that the sediments on the tidal flat became fine-grained, and that sorting became worse. However, the sediments on the subtidal zone, embayment and along inside of the jetty tended to be coarse-grained. In conclusion, the tidal flat microlandform change in the study area was caused by a disruption in the seawater circulation due to the jittery construction within the tidal flat, which had a direct effect on erosional and sedimentary environment processes.