• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 1997

Chemical properties of soil(N, P, K, Ca, Na, Mg, CEC, and pH) were studied after annual additions of $NH_4NO_3$(336kg/ha N), treble superphosphate(112kg/ha P), and KCl(224kg/ha K) fertilizers in a willow(Salix spp.) bioenergy plantation. Soil samples were collected from November through December 1992 from previously established the fertilized and non-fertilized willow plantation at Tully, New York, U.S.A. in 1987. Total fertilizer additions from 1987 through 1991 were 1,680kg/ha N and 560kg/ha P and 1.120kg/ha K. Fertilization with N, P, and K resulted in no difference in total soil N content between the fertilized and non-fertilized plots, increased soil P and K, decreased base cations ($Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$) and soil pH, and increased soil pH with soil depth. Strong positive correlations of soil carbon to soil N, Ca, Mg, and CEC were noted. Soil C/N ratio in the study plots ranged from 9.6 to 11.2 for all treatment combinations. Significant differences in soil P, K, Ca, and pH between the fertilized and non-fertilized plots indicate that fertilization had changed chemical properties of soil in this fertilizer trial.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 1970

An observation was made to diagnose phosphorus efficiency to different soil texture through employing $P^{32}$ labeled Calcium Superphosphate, and following facts were observed. 1. The decreasing ratio of $P^{31}$ intensity in the soils was differ according to the shaking time of soil solution with $P^{32}$ labled calcium superphosphate, and it was observed that after 32 hours, shaking the decreasing ratio of $P^{31}$ intensity in Soil-A, Soil-B and Soil-C were 96.2%, 31% and 37% respectively. 2. In begining of shaking, the decrease of phosphorus intensity was rapid becoming gradually slow afterwards. 3. The adsorption and fixation of $P^{32}$ have shown the same tendency as $P^{31}$. 4. Along with the ascending of pH, all tested soils showed the decrease of adsorption ratio in general.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1984

Laboratory experiments of poultry manure incubated for three days at $35^{\circ}$ were conducted to learn some informations on the relief of nitrogen loss during processing. Results obtained are as follows: 1) Blending phosphoric acid, triplesuperphosphate or superphosphate to poultry manure could reduce the volatilization of ammonia and saved nitrogen in the manure by 80 to 90 percent, though nonblending saved the nitrogen only by 40 to 60 percent during three days incubation. 2) The additives must be blended thoroughly to the manure to obtain the least loss of nitrogen during the incubation. 3) The severe loss of nitrogen was occurred from the drying process of fermented manure of both treatment, that is $60{\sim}80$ percent loss at the blended treatment with phosphoric acid, triplesuperphosphate or superphosphate, and $70{\sim}90$ percent loss at non-blended. 4) Drying the fermented manure under the fixed temperature of about $65^{\circ}$ for three days saved more nitrogen than dried manure under the temperature gradually raised from the room temperature to about $45{\sim}65^{\circ}$ for three days.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 1995

Field and pot experiments were carried to find out the effects of direct application of phosphate rock powder on soybean plant in upland soils with different available P content. In newly reclaimed upland soil with extremely low available P, phosphate rock powder was superior to single superphosphate at the application rate of 400kg-600kg/ha, in the first year particularly. In the second year, however, the reverse was the case excepting at the rate of 200kg/ha. In upland soil with low avialble $P_2O_5$($52mg\;kg^{-1}$), the application of phosphate rock powder at the high appliaction rate(400-600kg/ha) increased the yield of soybean remarkably in the first year and there was residual effect in the second year. The application of phosphate rock at high rate, increased the P and Ca contenl of plant and soil. The concentration of all fractions of P in the soil at the harvest was higher in phosphate rock treatments than in single superphosphate and fused magnesium phosphate treatments. In this soil with low avaiable P the occurrence of different fractions of P was in the order of Org-P>Fe-P>Ca-P>Al-P, in the first year and there was no change in the second year.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.196-200
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• 1997

Glasshouse investigations were carried out to investigate the development and yield of Atylosia scarabeoides on soils of the northern guinea savanah zone of Nigeria. Seeds were sown at four rates 50, 75, 100 and 125 kg/ha. Single superphosphate (SSP) fertilizer was applied at sowing at four rates 0, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha. Seeding (plant) population at one month and at harvest was significantly (p < 0.01) influenced by seeding rate but not fertilizer level. Fresh herbage yield was strongly (p < 0.01) dependent on fertilizer level, with the highest (not significant) dry matter yield at 90 kg SSP/ha. Seeding rate had no significant effects on herbage yield. The crude protein content of herbage rose with increase in fertilizer level although there were no significant differences between the various seeding and phosphorus rates. No significant interactions were observed between seeding rate and phosphorus lever. The yields were generally high, indicating good prospects for pasture development with A. scarabeoides in the zone, although field trials would be of benefit.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.167-170
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of potato growth and soil properties in highland mounding-soil. Experimental plot was designed with control, chemical improvement and zeolite+chemical improvement plots. Mounding-soil was low in organic matter and phosphate contents, and that soil texture was loamy sand soil. The growth and yield of potato were highest in the zeolite treatment plot. Yield of that increased by 3.7% than control plot. Increasing ratios of potato tubers decreased at 60-70 days after planting. Increasing ratio of zeolite plot was higher or than other treatment plots. After harvesting, the contents of soil organic matter increased by 12-125%, and those of phosphate were by 29-73% respectively. The manurial value of fused and superphosphate was higher than that of potassium chloride.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 1994

In order to find out formulation and effect of soil amendment on Fusarium wilt of sesame caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, the study was conducted during the last two years of 1992 to 1993. Among 14 chemicals (1%, w/w) added to soil including CaO individually, Al2(SO4)3, Alum, and CaO suppressed mycelial growth and conidial germination of F.oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. CaCl2 suppressed mycelial growth only, while glycerine, KCl, K2 HPO4, and triple superphosphate suppressed conidial germination. Suppression rate was ranged from 21 to 100% on mycelial growth. The 8 chemicals were finally selected. Among the 4 organic compounds, composted pine bark showed definite suppression on mycelial growth and conidial germination of the fungus, whereas milled alfalfa leaves was only effective on conidial germination of Fusarium wilt pathogen. The antagonist Trichoderma harzianum grew well in the soil medium amended with the composted pine bark and chemicals mixture (CPM) amendment (1%, w/w) and suppressed mycelial growth of the fungus effectively. In pot test, Fusarium wilt of sesame was completely controlled by CPM amendment.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.182-185
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• 2011

Soil $NH_4$-N content became higher in proportion to the increase in the urea application rate, while in livestock faeces compost (LFC) plots, it became lower than in urea plots and had no significant difference statistically among LFC plots. There was a close relationship between phosphate fertilization rate and the increment of soil available phosphate content after experiment resulting y=0.1788x-6.169 ($R^2=0.9425$) when applied fused superphosphate fertilizer, and y=0.0662x-2.689 ($R^2=0.9315$) when applied LFCs by the same amounts of phosphate (x: phosphate application, kg $ha^{-1}$, y: increment in soil available phosphate content, mg $kg^{-1}$. Plant height, number of stems, nutrients uptake by rice and rice yield showed higher levels in N 100, 150% application plots of chemical fertilizers, while every LFC plots exhibited lower values and no significant difference among them. Relative nitrogen fertilization efficiencies of LFCs compared to urea was 12.3% for cattle faeces compost (CaFC), 8.8 for swine faeces compost (SwFC) and 24.6 for chicken faeces compost (ChFC), respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.1
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• pp.34-36
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• 1960

Riboflavin and protein fortified, fermented feed were prepared by cultivating koji mold of riboflavin producibility on sweet potato starch waste with addition of ammonium sulfate. Progressive riboflavin and protein yield were obtained in the feed with additive amount of ammonium sulfate up to 4%. The effect was further enchanced by mixing 1/4 amount of wheat bran and $2{\sim}3%$ calcium superphosphate with starch waste. The best fermented feed were fortified with 15% protein and 2.2 mg % of riboflavin while the starch content was decreased to 13%. The amino acid composition of mold body was studied.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.253-258
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• 2001

This pot experiment was conducted to find out the forage productivity and quality in a grasslclover sward as affected by the application of three different fertilizers; double superphosphate(DS), fused Mg-phosphate (FP), and complex fertilizer(CF) on newly reclaimed hilly soil. This part was concerned with the mutual balances of mineral nutrients in the soils and mixed grass/clover sward in relation to grass tetany hazard. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Concentration of exchangeable Mg and relative proportion of Mg to CEC in the soils before experiment were considerably below the critical level for good forage growth and prevention of grass tetany. It seems that these properties would be able to handicap by liming and NPK applications. 2. Comparing with the critical level for likelihood of tetany(Mg <0.2%, K >2.5%, and W(Ca+Mg) >2.2 in forages), mean concentration of Mg ranged from 0.14 in DS plot and 0.18 in FP plot to 0.24% in CF plot. Meanwhile, hazards of grass tetany in relation to the %K and ratio of K/(Ca+Mg) were not recognized. 3. Comparing with the optimum level of Carp(% ratio)=2.0 in forages for animal health, these ranged from 6.1 to 7.1. (Key words : Grass tetany, Fertilizer. Soil. Mineral nutrients)