• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.119-125
• /
• 2011

In the synthesis of nanoparticles, much attention has been paid to regulating the particle size. There has been a possible evident that using the central cavity (core) of the protein ferritin has a greatly significant influence on it because the core can generate the nanometer-sized mineral particles of variable metal ions. In this report, recombinant human L-ferritins produced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were purified and their molecular properties were characterized. The cDNA for human ferritin L chain was also expressed in another host such as Escherichia coli, and the properties of recombinant L-ferritins were compared. From isoelectric focusing experiment, the L-ferritin from the recombinant yeast showed no indication of N-glycosylation. Some post-translational modifications other than N-glycosylation were speculated in the L-ferritins from yeast. A difference was made in the L-ferritins in their iron uptake rates and the initial rate of the L-ferritin from yeast was slightly increased. The reconstitution yield and size distribution of the core minerals were analyzed in the L-ferritins by transmission electron microscopy. The L-ferritin from yeast with higher reconstitution yield (54.5%) showed slightly larger sizes (mean 6.92 nm) with narrower size distribution than the L-ferritin from E. coli. It is, in conclusion, speculated that L-ferritin from yeast is relatively superior to the other, in view of the size of nanoparticle and its relative homogeneity.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.35 no.11
• /
• pp.1635-1648
• /
• 2022

Thermal stress due to extreme changes in the thermal environment is a critical issue in cattle production. Many previous findings have shown a decrease in feed intake, milk yield, growth rate, and reproductive efficiency of cattle when subjected to thermal stress. Therefore, selecting thermo-tolerant animals is the primary goal of the efficiency of breeding programs to reduce those adverse impacts. The recent advances in molecular genetics have provided significant breeding advantages that allow the identification of molecular markers in both beef and dairy cattle breeding, including marker-assisted selection (MAS) as a tool in selecting superior thermo-tolerant animals. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which can be detected by DNA sequencing, are desirable DNA markers for MAS due to their abundance in the genome's coding and non-coding regions. Many SNPs in some genes (e.g., HSP70, HSP90, HSF1, EIF2AK4, HSBP1, HSPB8, HSPB7, MYO1A, and ATP1A1) in various breeds of cattle have been analyzed to play key roles in many cellular activities during thermal stress and protecting cells against stress, making them potential candidate genes for molecular markers of thermotolerance. This review highlights the associations of SNPs within these genes with thermotolerance traits (e.g., blood biochemistry and physiological responses) and suggests their potential use as MAS in thermotolerant cattle breeding.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.86 no.2
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 1997

Japanese red pines growing along the Taebaek mountains have been called "Kangsong" and considered to be superior in growth and wood quality. An attempt was made to determine whether their boundaries for planting may be expanded by testing their early growth at eight experimental plantations of the Republic of Korea. Seeds were collected from the six different natural populations including Uljin in Kyongbuk province. For the provenance test, they were planted in eight different regions including Taean in the spring of 1987. Experimental planting was a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Height growth was measured at the ages of 2, 4, and 6 after planting, and the diameter at root collar at the age of 6 after planting. Significant variation in height growth was observed among the plantations. The height growth measured at the age of 6 after planting showed a positive correlation with the latitude of the test plantation, and the contents of phosphate, potassium and calcium in the soil. A negative correlation, however, was observed between the longitude of the test plantation and height growth. Ponghwa provenance appeared to be the best among the provenances in that the trees from the area grew 16% better in volume growth than the average of all the trees tested in the study, while the worst one was Kyongju from which trees grew 11% less than the average.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.339-345
• /
• 2007

Field performance and morphological characterization was conducted on seven transgenic lines of Codonopsis lanceolata expressing ${\gamma}-TMT$ gene. The shoots were obtained from leaf explants after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium tume-faciens strain LBA 4404 harboring a binary vector pYBI 121 that carried genes encoding ${\gamma}-Tocopherol$ methyltransferase gene (${\gamma}-TMT$) and a neomycin phosphotransferase II gene (npt II) for kanamycin resistance. The transgenic plants were transferred to a green house for acclimation. Integration of T-DNA into the $T_0\;and\;T_1$ generation of transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata genome was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction and southern blot analysis. The progenies of transgenic plants showed phenotypic differences within the different lines and with relative to control plants. When grown in field, the transgenic plants in general exhibited increased fertility, significant improvement in the shoot weight, root weight, shoot height and rachis length with relation to the control plants. However, all seven independently derived transgenic lines produced normal flower with respect to its shape, size, color and seeds number at its maturity. Indicating that the addition of a selectable marker gene in the plant genome does not effect on seed germination and agronomic performance of transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata. $T_1$ progenies of these plants were obtained and evaluated together with control plant in a field experiment. Overall, the agronomic performance of $T_1$ progenies of transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata showed superior to that of the seed derived non-transgenic plant. In this study, we report on the morphological variation and agronomic performance of transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata developed by Agrobacterium transformation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.83 no.2
• /
• pp.205-210
• /
• 1994

This study was conducted to develop a method of mass production by cutting of superior genotypes of Larix leptolepis and to examine the effects of ortet age, clone, crown position, and an applied plant growth substance upon the rooting of cuttings. Four different ortet ages, 2, 8, 16 and 30 years and three levels of root-promoting substances, indole butyric acid(IBA), at 1000, 2000, and 5000ppm were employed. Greenwood cuttings were taken from mother trees in late July and rooted for three months in rooting medium containing peatmoss : vermiculite : perlite(1 : 1 : 1 by volume). with temperature controlled at $20-25^{\circ}C$, humidity by intermittent misting and light by partial shading in the greenhouse. Cuttings treated with 1000ppm IBA showed highest rooting, with 80%, 71%, 52%, 25% for 2-, 8-, 16-. 30-year-old ortet, respectively. Untreated cuttings showed rooting of 52%, 48%, 36%, 20% for the ortet age of 2, 8, 16, 30 years, respectively. The average number of adventitious roots decreased with increasing ortet age from 2 to 30 years, whereas IBA treatment increased the number of roots in all ages. A variation in rooting among 20 clones tested was observed. The 4 clones, Chungnam 6, and 7 and Chonbuk 1, and 9 showed good rooting of about 67%, while Kangwon 49 showed boor rooting of 40% at 1000ppm IBA treatment. When crown position was compared, cuttings taken from middle crown showed highest rooting of 60%, while cuttings from upper crown showed lowest rooting of 53%.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.115-120
• /
• 2023

This study aims to find out a suitable extender and cryoprotective agent (CPA) for cryopreservation and its optimum concentration in order to conduct planned artificial seed production of Korean bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco and to preserve superior sperm. Experiments were designed to investigate the effects of the different combinations of three extenders (I: 300 mM glycose, II: Kurokura extender, III: Li extender), four cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, methanol and glycerol) and four concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20%) on the cryopreservation of Korean bullhead sperm. Postthawed sperm survival rate and sperm activity index (SAI) were detected to evaluate the effects of sperm cryopreservation. The optimal combination of extender and CPA for cryopreservation of Korean bullhead sperm was extender III + 10 and 15% methanol, resulting in a survival rate and SAI of 66.9 ± 8.7, 67.3 ± 13.1% and 2.6 ± 0.4, 2.6 ± 0.5 respectively, which was higher than had been achieved with other extenders and CPAs.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.37 no.7
• /
• pp.1168-1176
• /
• 2024

Objective: As a charismatic species, cashmere goats have rich genetic resources. In the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, there are three cashmere goat varieties named and approved by the state. These goats are renowned for their high cashmere production and superior cashmere quality. Therefore, it is vitally important to protect their genetic resources as they will serve as breeding material for developing new varieties in the future. Methods: Three breeds including Inner Mongolia cashmere goats (IMCG), Hanshan White cashmere goats (HS), and Ujimqin white cashmere goats (WZMQ) were studied. IMCG were of three types: Aerbas (AEBS), Erlangshan (ELS), and Alashan (ALS). Nine DNA samples were collected for each population, and they were genomically re-sequenced to obtain high-depth data. The genetic diversity parameters of each population were estimated to determine selection intensity. Principal component analysis, phylogenetic tree construction and genetic differentiation parameter estimation were performed to determine genetic relationships among populations. Results: Samples from the 45 individuals from the five goat populations were sequenced, and 30,601,671 raw single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained. Then, variant calling was conducted using the reference genome, and 17,214,526 SNPs were retained after quality control. Individual sequencing depth of individuals ranged from 21.13× to 46.18×, with an average of 28.5×. In the AEBS, locus polymorphism (79.28) and expected heterozygosity (0.2554) proportions were the lowest, and the homologous consistency ratio (0.1021) and average inbreeding coefficient (0.1348) were the highest, indicating that this population had strong selection intensity. Conversely, ALS and WZMQ selection intensity was relatively low. Genetic distance between HS and the other four populations was relatively high, and genetic exchange existed among the other four populations. Conclusion: The Inner Mongolia cashmere goat (AEBS type) population has a relatively high selection intensity and a low genetic diversity. The IMCG (ALS type) and WZMQ populations had relatively low selection intensity and high genetic diversity. The genetic distance between HS and the other four populations was relatively high, with a moderate degree of differentiation. Overall, these genetic variations provide a solid foundation for resource identification of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region cashmere goats in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.77 no.4
• /
• pp.382-388
• /
• 1988

Improvement of productivity by forest tree breeding work in Korea was estimated for a few important tree species. Progenies of 17 plus trees of red pine (Pines densiflora) outgrew by 57 percentage compared with progenies of unselected trees at age 15. If best three families are selected among the 17, more than double in volume grow-th is expected. The hybrid Pinus rigida ${\times}$ P. taeda showed more than double volume growth compare to P. rigida at a southern plantation at age 15. However, the superiority of the hybrid decreased at northern plantations, mainly because of low coldhardiness of the hybrid. At a northern plantation, the hybrid grew less than the P. rigida on upper hill, while the hybrid grew much better than the P. rigida on flat area. Another hybrid Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa grew faster than both parents by two to two and half times according to planting sites at age 10. Introduction of Pinus rigida also showed increased volume growth. Volume increase by selection of best five provenances among 45 at age 12 was estimated as 53 percent compare to progenies of plus trees in Korea, Additional 19 percent of volume increase was expected by selection of the best families within the best provenances. Annual production of chestnuts reached about 70,000 M/T by planting resistant clones to chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus), which killed almost all susceptible trees. Although polyploid trees and mutants have been produced by colchicine treatments in over 10 tree species, none of them is economically important Remarkable improvement of productivity is expected by biotechnology in future through selection, hybridization, introduction of foreign genes at cell, cell organelle and gene level, and gene transformation. At present, mass propagation of superior planting materials by tissue culture will increase the productivity.