• Title/Summary/Keyword: Superior breeding

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Differential Symbiotic Response of Phage-typed Strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum with Soybean Cultivars

  • Appunu Chinnaswamy;Dhar Banshi
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.363-368
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    • 2006
  • In this study, native Byadyrhizobium strains were isolated from the host plant, Glycine max, harvested from fields in Madhya Pradesh, India, and were typed by Iytic rhizobiophages. Eight indigenous (Soy2, ASR011, ASR031, ASR032, MSR091, ISR050, ISR076 and ISR078) and two exotic strains (USDA123 and CB1809), all of which evidenced a distinct reaction with six phages, were employed in this study. The symbiotic interaction of these strains was studied initially using soybean cultivar JS335 in a sand culture in a controlled environment, and the efficiency was assessed based on the nodule number, nodule dry weight, plant dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and total accumulation of N per plant. Symbiotic effectiveness was found to be highest with the native phage-sensitive isolate ASR011, whereas it was at a minimum with the phage-resistant isolates, ISR050 and ISR078. Additionally, the effectiveness of these strains was evaluated using six soybean cultivars belonging to different maturity groups; namely, Brags, Lee, Pusa20, PK416, JS33S and NRC37. Analysis of variance data evidenced significant differences due to both symbionts, for the majority of the tested parameters. The CB1809, USDA123, and ASR011 strains evidenced relatively superior symbiotic effectiveness with soybean cultivars Brags, Lee and JS335. Strain ISR078 evidenced no significant responses with any of the cultivars. The ASR031 strain performed moderately well with all tested cultivars. The symbiotic response of all the strains was quite poor with cultivar PK416. Our studies showed that a significant relationship existed between the phage sensitivity and symbiotic efficiency of the bacterial strains with the host-cultivars.

The Effects of Breeding Environment Adjustment in FABP4 Gene Identification of Korean Cattle (한우의 FABP4 유전자 선별에서 사육환경 보정 효과)

  • Kim, Hyun-Ji;Lee, Jea-Young
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.859-870
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    • 2015
  • Economic-traits of livestock are affected by environmental and genetic factors. We are interested in genetic factors that influence the economic-traits of Korean cattle. It is necessary to adjust environmental factors in order to enhance the accuracy of the genetic effect analysis. In this paper, we propose a statistical model of Korean cattle that exclude environmental breeding farm and age factors. We formulated an adjusted economic-trait value, and applied multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method to data of before-and-after adjustment to identify major FABP4 genes. We were able to increase the accuracy of the analysis after adjustment and identify superior FABP4 genes that influence grade and fatty acid.

Breeding of Cold Resistant Mulberry Cultivar “Hansungppong” (Morus alba L.) (내동다수성 뽕품종 “寒盛뽕” 육성)

  • 성규병;남학우;이상욱;박광준
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.45-50
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    • 2002
  • New mulberry cultivar, Hansungppong, was bred among selected lines from F1 seedlings obtained by crossing the female, Yongcheonppong, and the male, Kugsang 21. Local adaptability test has been carried out at two places (Suwon and Chunchun) for four years since 1995. Leaf quality was tested by silkworm rearing for two silkworm rearing seasons (spring and autumn) at Suwon in 1998. Hansungppong was recognized to be superior in productivity and cold resistance to control cultivar, Yongcheonppong. The new cultivar, Hansungppong, has following agronomic characteristics as compared with Yongcheonppong, which was strongest leading cultivar against cold injury in Korea. It is belonging to Morus alba L. with the ovate leaf shape, sprouting in spring nearly the same to the Yongcheonppong (Morus alba L.), high leaf yielding of 10% compared to Yongcheonppong (Morus alba L.) and the high degree of cold resistance. It is adaptable to everywhere in Korea. Hansungppong is recommended to rear silkworms not only in spring but also in autumn besides for young silkworms.

Agronomic Characteristics and Artificial-cross Method of Collected Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Germplasm (홍화 수집자원의 작물학적 특성 및 교배 방법)

  • Oh, Myeong Won;Lee, Jeong Hoon;Jeong, Jin Tae;Han, Jong Won;Lee, Sang Hoon;Ma, Kyung Ho;Hur, Mok;Chang, Jae Ki
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.298-309
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    • 2020
  • Background: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a useful medicinal and oil crop in Korea. However, when safflower is cultivated, the flowering period overlaps with the rainy season, and seed maturation is poor. Therefore, this study aimed to use basic research data to develop superior varieties using agronomic characteristics and crossing method. Methods and Results: A total of 34 safflower germplasms were sown and their agronomic characteristics were investigated. Based on these investigations, the cultivar 'ui-san-hong-hwa' was selected as the mother plant, and 'Myanmar safflower' (Hsu Pan) was selected as the father plant. In addition, we developed a floret-protecting cap to cover florets after emasculation during the artificial crossing. When florets were protected by the cap, the seed setting rate increased in comparison to that in the non-covered florets. Conclusions: Agronomic characteristics can contribute to developing suitable varieties. The results suggest that the protection cap will be helpful in breeding without the floral organ drying. This study contributes an efficient breeding method to develop new safflower varieties.

Varietal Difference of Eating Quality after Storage in Room Temperature (벼 상온 저장시 식미관련 특성의 품종간 차이)

  • Lee, Jong-Hee;Cho, Jun-Hyun;Lee, Ji-Yoon;Yeo, Un-Sang;Song, You-Chun;Oh, Seong-Hwan;Kim, Sang-Yeol;Kang, Hang-Won
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.318-321
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    • 2011
  • Rice ageing describes the changes in physical and chemical properties of rice grains during storage that alter the eating quality of rice. The prevention of deterioration in palatability of rice during storage is important for stable supply. In this study, We conducted to select the variety with superior palatability after storage at room temperature. 'Yeonghojinmi' had much higher head rice ratio of milled rice than that of 'Ilmi', 'Junam'and 'Hwayeong'at similar moisture content of approximately 15%. Grossiness and stickiness were higher in 'Yeonghojinmi' than that of the others. Meanwhile, yellowness(b value) of cooked rice was lower in 'Yeonghojinmi' than that of the others. Of the four varieties, Yeonghojinmi was maintained good eating quality after storage in room temperature, which also contributed to differences in palatability, such as protein content, glossiness, stickiness and color of cooked rice.

Fruit Yield and Quality Evaluation of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) F1 Hybrids Derived from Inbred Lines

  • Shrestha, Surendra Lal;Luitel, Binod Prasad;Lee, Taek Jong;Kang, Won Hee
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.344-350
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    • 2010
  • Sweet pepper inbred lines (KNU1003, KNU1006, KNU1007, KNU1009, KNU1015, KNU1017 and KNU2006) developed at Kangwon National University (KNU) through conventional means, inbred lines (5AVS1, 5AVS2, 5AVS3, 5AVS5, 5AVS7 and 5AVS8) collected at Rural Development Administration (RDA) and inbred lines (SP12, SP27 and SP14) derived from anther culture were used as female parents and anther culture derived homozygous lines (SP9, SP10, SP14, SP24, SP25, SP27, SP30, SP32, SP34, SP38, SP43, SP45 and SP51) were used as male parents to produce $F_1$ hybrids. A total of 37 $F_1$ hybrids were evaluated for fruit yield and quality characters in summer season, 2007. Variation in fruit number, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant and fruit volume was observed among the $F_1$ hybrids. Superiority on yield over standard/commercial varieties were differed among $F_1$ hybrids. Hybrid $5AVS8{\times}SP45$ exhibited highest heterosis over Special (16.5%) and Fiesta (24.7%). Fruit quality characters (fruit length, fruit width, pericarp thickness, total soluble solid, fruit shape and fruit color) were varied among the $F_1$ hybrids. Fruit number, fruit weight and fruit volume per plant were correlated with fruit yield. Based on the standard heterosis expressed by the hybrids and quality characters evaluation, $KNU1017{\times}SP27$, $5AVS1{\times}SP43$, $5AVS5{\times}SP27$, $5AVS8{\times}SP45$, $SP12{\times}SP38$ and $SP27{\times}SP25$ hybrids were found to be superior over commercial cultivars and are selected. Inbred lines of these hybrid combinations can be used to produce $F_1$ hybrid seed for commercial production.

Effects of preselection of genotyped animals on reliability and bias of genomic prediction in dairy cattle

  • Togashi, Kenji;Adachi, Kazunori;Kurogi, Kazuhito;Yasumori, Takanori;Tokunaka, Kouichi;Ogino, Atsushi;Miyazaki, Yoshiyuki;Watanabe, Toshio;Takahashi, Tsutomu;Moribe, Kimihiro
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.159-169
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    • 2019
  • Objective: Models for genomic selection assume that the reference population is an unselected population. However, in practice, genotyped individuals, such as progeny-tested bulls, are highly selected, and the reference population is created after preselection. In dairy cattle, the intensity of selection is higher in males than in females, suggesting that cows can be added to the reference population with less bias and loss of accuracy. The objective is to develop formulas applied to any genomic prediction studies or practice with preselected animals as reference population. Methods: We developed formulas for calculating the reliability and bias of genomically enhanced breeding values (GEBV) in the reference population where individuals are preselected on estimated breeding values. Based on the formulas presented, deterministic simulation was conducted by varying heritability, preselection percentage, and the reference population size. Results: The number of bulls equal to a cow regarding the reliability of GEBV was expressed through a simple formula for the reference population consisting of preselected animals. The bull population was vastly superior to the cow population regarding the reliability of GEBV for low-heritability traits. However, the superiority of reliability from the bull reference population over the cow population decreased as heritability increased. Bias was greater for bulls than cows. Bias and reduction in reliability of GEBV due to preselection was alleviated by expanding reference population. Conclusion: Cows are easier in expanding reference population size compared with bulls and alleviate bias and reduction in reliability of GEBV of bulls which are highly preselected than cows by expanding the cow reference population.

Development of "Miscanthus" the Promising Bioenergy Crop (유망 바이오에너지작물 "억새" 개발)

  • Moon, Youn-Ho;Koo, Bon-Cheol;Choi, Yoyng-Hwan;Ahn, Seung-Hyun;Bark, Surn-Teh;Cha, Young-Lok;An, Gi-Hong;Kim, Jung-Kon;Suh, Sae-Jung
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.330-339
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    • 2010
  • In order to suggest correct direction of researches on Miscanthus spp. which are promising bioenergy crop, authors had reviewed and summarized various literature about botanical taxonomy, morphology and present condition of breeding, cultivation and utilization of miscanthus. Among the genus of Miscanthus which are known 17 species, the most important species are M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus which origin are East Asia including Korea, and M. x giganteus which is inter-specific hybrid of tetraploid M. sacchariflorus and diploid M. sinensis. Miscanthus is superior to other energy crops in resistance to poor environments including cold, saline and damp soil, nitrogen utilization efficiency, budget of input energy and carbon which are required for producing biomass and output which are stored in biomass. The major species for production of energy and industrial products including construction material in Europe, USA and Canada is M. x giganteus which was introduced from Japan in 1930s. In present, many breeding programs are conducted to supplement demerits of present varieties and to develop "Miscanes" which is hybrid of miscanthus and sugar cane. In Korea, the researches on breeding and cultivation of miscanthus were initiated in 2007 by collecting germplasms, and developed "Goedae-Uksae 1" which is high biomass yield and "mass propagation method of miscanthus" which can improve propagation efficiency in 2009. In order to develop "Korean miscanthus industry" in future, the superior varieties available not only domestic but also foreign market should be developed by new breeding method including molecular markers. Researches on production process of cellulosic bio-ethanol including pre-treatment and saccharification of miscanthus biomass also should be strengthen.

Estimation of genetic parameter for carcass traits in commercial Hanwoo steer (일반농가 한우의 도체형질에 관한 유전모수 추정)

  • Lee, Yoonseok;Lee, Jea Young
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.741-747
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    • 2016
  • The aim of study was to estimate genetic parameter of carcass traits in commercial Hanwoo steer using national animal model for selection of superior bull. Analyzed data (n=5,843) on carcass traits was collected from 107,020 Hanwoo steer. The animal model was used to estimate heritability and genetic correlations. The estimated heritability of carcass traits were 0.19, 0.17, 0.20 and 0.23 for carcass weight, eye muscle area, backfat thickness and marbling score, respectively. The estimated heritability for carcass traits in commercial Hanwoo are low than estimated heritability of national progeny test population for selection of superior bull because breeding environment, genetic performance of cow and feeding day was different. Therefore, we suggests that animal model can include practical genetic variable based on national animal model to improve genetic performance in commercial Hanwoo.

Analysis of Anthocyanin Glycosides in Korean Mulberry Fruit Cultivars (한국산 오디 품종별 안토시아닌 배당체 성분 분석)

  • So Ah Kim;Ryeong Ha Kwon;Ju Hyung Kim;Hyemin Na;Ji Hae Lee;Soo-Muk Cho;Heon-Woong Kim
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.36 no.6
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    • pp.543-550
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    • 2023
  • Mulberry fruit is a superior source of polyphenols, especially anthocyanin, and has a long history of use as an edible fruit and traditional medicine. The anthocyanin composition of mulberry fruit from 15 Korean cultivars was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector with quadrupole time of flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS) based on a cyanin internal standard. The four glycosides were identified by comparison with authentic standards and published reports. The major anthocyanin was cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (71.7%), followed by cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (26.6%). The minor components (total of 1.7%) were pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside. The total anthocyanin content (mg/100 g, dry weight) of mulberry fruit varied by cultivar and ranged from 471.5±4.0 (Su Hong) to 4,700.2±54.0 (Gwa Sang2). Among the 15 cultivars examined, Gwa Sang2 showed the highest level of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (3,133.4±32.6), which was 9-fold higher than that of Su Hong (351.5±3.4). In conclusion, anthocyanin profiles, including pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside, were reported for the first time from 15 Korean mulberry fruit cultivars. The results will contribute valuable information on pharmaceutical properties, breeding superior mulberry cultivars, and food industries.