• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Climate changes are shifting the perception of C4 photosynthetic crops due to their superior adaptability to harsh conditions. The tribe Andropogoneae includes some economically important grasses, such as Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor, Miscanthus spp., and Saccharum spp., representing C4 photosynthetic grasses. Although the Andropogoneae grasses diverged fairly recently, their genomic structures are remarkably different from each other. As previously reported, the family Poaceae shares the pan-cereal duplication event occurring ca. 65 MYA. Since this event, Sorghum bicolor has never experienced any additional duplication event. However, some lineage-specific duplication events were reported in Z. mays and Saccharum spp., and, more recently, it was revealed that a shared allotetraploidization event occurred before the divergence between Miscanthus and Saccharum (but after the divergence from S. bicolor), which provided important clues to those two species having large genome sizes with complicated ploidy numbers. The complex genomic structures of sugarcane and Miscanthus (defined as the Saccharum complex along with some other taxa) have had a limiting effect on the use of their molecular information in breeding programs. For the last decade, genomics-associated technologies have become an important tool for molecular crop breeding (genomics-assisted breeding, GAB), but it has not been directly applied to sugarcane and Miscanthus due to their complicated genome structures. As genomics research advances, molecular breeding of those crops can take advantage of technical improvements at a reasonable cost through comparative genomic approaches. Active genomic research of non-model species using closely related model species will facilitate the improvement of those crops in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.640-645
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the present conventional selection program of a swine nucleus farm and compare it with a new selection strategy employing genomic enhanced breeding value (GEBV) as the selection criteria. The ZPLAN+ software was employed to calculate and compare the genetic gain, total cost, return and profit of each selection strategy. The first strategy reflected the current conventional breeding program, which was a progeny test system (CS). The second strategy was a selection scheme based strictly on genomic information (GS1). The third scenario was the same as GS1, but the selection by GEBV was further supplemented by the performance test (GS2). The last scenario was a mixture of genomic information and progeny tests (GS3). The results showed that the accuracy of the selection index of young boars of GS1 was 26% higher than that of CS. On the other hand, both GS2 and GS3 gave 31% higher accuracy than CS for young boars. The annual monetary genetic gain of GS1, GS2 and GS3 was 10%, 12%, and 11% higher, respectively, than that of CS. As expected, the discounted costs of genomic selection strategies were higher than those of CS. The costs of GS1, GS2 and GS3 were 35%, 73%, and 89% higher than those of CS, respectively, assuming a genotyping cost of $120. As a result, the discounted profit per animal of GS1 and GS2 was 8% and 2% higher, respectively, than that of CS while GS3 was 6% lower. Comparison among genomic breeding scenarios revealed that GS1 was more profitable than GS2 and GS3. The genomic selection schemes, especially GS1 and GS2, were clearly superior to the conventional scheme in terms of monetary genetic gain and profit.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1993.09a
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• pp.138-142
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• 1993

Korean ginseng has been widely used as medicine from ancient times in Asia. Current breeding efforts in Korea include the individual plant selection and the subsequent pure - line isolation, and considerable number of lines with desirable traits have thus been isolated. However, there were rare data on genetic maker and its analysis for selection of superior varieties. For taxonomic characterization and development of genetic markers for ginseng breeding, molecular biological methods including the RFLP and RAPD methods were applied. Cytoplasmic DNA of ginseng was analyzed for RFLP analysis. However. there is no different pattern among the chloroplast DNA or mitochondrial DNA of variants. In the case of RAPD analysis, the band patterns using 4 of 10 RAPD primers show the distinctive polymorphism among 9 ginseng variants, and lines, and Similarity Index(SI) on polymorphism was calculated for the extent and nature of these variabilities in ginseng. The sequences of 4 selected primers were TGCCGAGCTG, AATCGGGCTG. GAAACGGGTG, and GTGACGTAGG. By SI based on the polymorphic band patterns, Chungkyung - Chong and Hwangskoog - Chong, and JakyungChong 81783 and Jinjakyung of Russia showed the most close SI. The data of KG10l coincided with the fact that it was released from Hwangskoog - Chong. and Jakyung - Chong 81783 and Jinjakyung of Russia showed the most close SI. The data of KG101 coincided with the fact that it was released from Hwangskoog - Chong by breeding process. The data of Jakyung strains indicated the significant variation among the strains. From these results, RAPD analysis method could be succesively applied to the classification and genetic analysis for breeding of Korean ginseng.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.185-189
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine and to standardize the time of emergence of Protaetia brevitarsis adults, through four breeding experiments, including one which selected the dominant individuals of Protaetia brevitarsis. The breeding experiments were divided into two groups with hibernating and non-hibernating Protaetia brevitarsis by placing 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 Protaetia brevitarsis in each breeding box (50 cm × 35 cm × 15 cm) filled with 12 L of fermented sawdust. Breeding tests were with four replicates each for 3 months. The test period was classified into four stages: Exp. 1 (Sep 1, 2019 to Nov 30, 2019), Exp. 2 (Dec 1, 2019 to Feb 29, 2020), Exp. 3 (Mar 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020) and Exp. 4 (Jun 1, 2020 to Aug 31, 2020). The survey items included average dead number, average emergence number, average mortality, and average emergence rate. In Exp. 1 and 2, the changes in Protaetia brevitarsis adults were similar. In Tables 1 and 2, the allegorical changes of adult white-spotted flowers were similar. In addition, the average dead number, average emergence number, average mortality, and average emergence rate showed better results in the hibernation state than in both Exp. 1 and 2. Exp. 3 and 4 showed a pattern of change different from the results of Exp. 1 and 2 and these characteristics were superior in the hibernation states compared to the non-hibernation states. In conclusion, this result was found to be most appropriate as a standardization of the emergence time of 200 Protaetia brevitarsis treatments through four breeding experiments in the hibernating state.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 2004

The breeding work was initiated by utilizing two Japanese hybrids namely C135${\times}$N134 and N137${\times}$C146 along with two evolved Indian breeds, J14 and A24. The breed CSR16 which is characterized with marked larvae and white dumbbell cocoons was evolved from the Japanese hybrid C135${\times}$N134 by crossing with J14, while the breed CSR17 which is characterized with plain larvae and white oval cocoons was evolved from the Japanese hybrid N137${\times}$C146 by crossing with A24. The hybrid of these evolved breeds i.e., CSR16${\times}$CSR17 has shown superior over control hybrid $KA{\times}{NB_4}{D_2}$ and on par with the ruling hybrid of CSR2${\times}$CSR4. The hybrid CSR16${\times}$CSR17 was authorized during 1999 by Central Silk Board, Bangalore, Government of India for commercial exploitation during favourable months based on national level race authorization test.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2010

The aim of the study was to investigate pig reference families, generated from Korean native pigs (KNP) that were crossed with Yorkshire (YS) breeds, which were used to evaluate genetic markers to select breeding animals with superior pork quality. A set of five candidate genes (PRKAG3, MC4R, CAST, ESR, and PRLR ) was analyzed for association with pork quality traits. PRKAG3 (I199V) SNP genotypes were significantly associated with muscle moisture, protein, and fat contents. The MC4R D298N polymorphism was significantly associated with meat tenderness and color traits. The CAST polymorphism was significantly associated with muscle moisture and crude protein traits. These three genes have been associated with pork quality traits in other pig populations, and some of our results are consistent with earlier studies. In addition, two reproductive candidate genes (ESR and PRLR ) did not have significant associations. These results suggest that further study is warranted to investigate and develop more DNA markers associated with pork quality in our KNP-crossed pig families.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.211-222
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• 2007

Selection of the appropriate parents to be used in artificial crosses is one of the main decisions faced by plant breeders that will facilitate the exploitation of maximum genetic variability and production of superior recombinant genotypes. Several techniques have been used in aiding the identification of genotypes with promising and desirable agronomical traits for hybridization. In this way, the objective of the present review is to gather available information for the selection of parents based on different breeding designs and analytical tools showing their similarities and highlighting the main advantages and disadvantages of their use.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2021

In the present study, twelve bivoltine silkworm races were evaluated for its performance based on quantitative and qualitative traits. Seven oval and five peanut cocoon shaped races were reared in different seasons of the year. By using evaluation index method, the results showed that six races were identified as potential parental races. Among oval races, 75xin, KoC, KoZ and among peanut races An 902, 7532 and QD7 were selected as base material. The identified high yielding races will be used in various breeding programs as initial parents for the production of superior bivoltine breeds/hybrids in Vietnam

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.309-315
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• 1996

Selective breeding and hybridization were attempted to improve shiitake(Lentinus edodes) strains for bed-log cultivation, and the results obtained are as follows. 1. Thirty five strains collected in Korea and abroad were cultivated for one generation(five years) and fruit body yields were estimated by the amounts produced from $1m^3$ of oak tree(Quercus mongolica) logs. Thus, three high-temperature type strains including FRI 177 showing productivity of $139kg/m^3log$, two mid-temperature type strains including FRI 188 of $120kg/m^3log$, and seven low-temperature type strains including FRI 187 of $96kg/m^3log$ were selected as superior strains. 2. Twelve hybrid strains confirmed as independent strains through indoor-test with hybrid strains made by Di-mon mating method were cultivated for five years(one generation). Among them, FRI 182 and FRI 184 were turned out to be superior strains. FRI 182 of high-temperature type showed the yield of 108kg per $1m^3logs$ and FRI 184 of low-temperature type produced $103kg/m^3log$. 3. There were no significant differences in productivity among high-, mid- and low-temperature types, but some differences appeared among strain groups. The correlation was not shown in productivities between bed-log and sawdust cultivations.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 1998

To develop a new ginseng varieties with good quality and high yielding, a lot of individual ginseng plants were selected in the farmer's fields in 1972. Among them, a promising line, 7259-3-1, has been developed through comparative cultivation of several lines selected with pure line separation of local races in Korea Ginseng '||'&'||' Tobacco Research Institute. Preliminary and advanced yield trials were performed for 8 years. It was then designated as "KG 101" and tested in the regional yield and adaptation trials for 10 years (1981-1990). KG101 has a green stem with light violet and orange-yellow fruit and flowers 3-7 days later than local race, Takyungjong. Taproot of KG101 was longer than local race Jakyungjong, and root yield of KG101 was 9% higher than local race Jakyungjong. In red ginseng quality, the rates of Chun-Jeesam (Chun and Jee means 1st and 2nd grade, respectively) were 22.3% and 9.4% for KG101 and Jakyungjong, respectively. In these results, it was clarified that KG101 was superior ginseng line with good quality.y.