• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2011

Hybrid fault current limiters (FCL) have been researched at Yonsei University. The hybrid FCL has advantages such as having a rapid response to a sudden fault situation and a fast recovery time from a quench. It consists of an asymmetric HTS coil, a switching module, and a bypass reactor. The asymmetric HTS coil is wound with two different types of HTS wires in an opposite direction so that it has nearly zero inductance at the superconducting state. When the quench occurs at the fault state, a strong magnetic field is generated from the asymmetric coil because of different quench characteristics of two HTS wires, and then a repulsive force is induced in the switching module. The force opens the switch and the fault current is pushed into the bypass reactor. In this research, we analyzed the cause of the repulsive force and confirmed, experimentally and computationally, that the magnitude of a repulsive force is varied by changing the gap distance between the asymmetric coil and the switching module. By using the FEM simulation, we calculated the repulsive force with respect to the gap distance and verified that the effect of the gap distance. Then, short circuit test was carried out to confirm the correct operation of the fast switch.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.38-45
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• 2006

The superconducting fault current limiters(SFCLs) provide the effect such as enhancement in power system reliability due to limiting the fault current within a few miliseconds. Among various SFCLs we have developed a flux-lock type SFCL and exploited a special design to effectively reduce the fault current according to properly adjustable magnetic field after the short-circuit test. This SFCL consists of two copper coils wound in parallel on the same iron core and a component using the YBCO thin film connected in series to the secondary copper coil. Meanwhile, operating characteristics can be controlled by adjusting the inductances and the winding directions of the coils. To analyze the operational characteristics, we compared closed-loop with open-loop iron core. When the applied voltage was 200[Vrms] in the additive polarity winding, the peak values of the line current the increased up to 30.71[A] in the closed-loop and 32.01[A] in the open-loop iron core, respectively. On the other hand, in the voltages generated at current limiting elements were 220.14[V] in the closed-loop and 142.73[V] in the opal-loop iron core during first-half cycle after fault instant under the same conditions. We confirmed that the open-loop iron core had lower power burden than in the closed-loop iron core. Consequently, we found that the structure of iron core enabled the flux-lock type SFCL at power system to have the flexibility.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.89-91
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• 2003

For the design to prevent the saturation of iron core and the effective fault current limitation, the analysis for the operation of the flux-lock type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) with consideration for the hysteresis characteristics of iron core is required. In this paper, the hysteresis characteristics of flux-lock reactor, which is an essential component of flux-lock type SFCL, was investigated. The hysteresis loss of iron core in flux-lock type SFCL does not happen due to its winding's structure especially in the normal state. From the equivalent circuit for the flux-lock type SFCL and the fault current limiting experiments, the hysteresis curves could be drawn. Through the analysis for both the hysteresis curves and the fault current limiting characteristics due to the number of turns for the 1st and 2nd winding, the increase of the number of turns in the 2nd winding of the flux-lock type SFCL had a role to prevent the iron core from saturation.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.41-45
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• 2003

Resistance distribution in thin film type SFCL elements of different shunt layer thickness was investigated. The 300 nm thick film of 2 inch diameter was coated with a gold layer and patterned into 2 mm wide meander lines. The shunt layer thickness was varied by ion milling the shunt layer with Ar ions, and also by having the shunt layer grown in different thickness. The SFCL element was subjected to simulated AC fault current for measurements. It was immersed in liquid nitrogenduring the experiment. The resistance distribution was not affected by the shunt layer thickness at applied voltages that brought the temperature of the elements to similar values. This result could be explained with the concept of heat transfer from the film to the surroundings. The resistance distribution was independent of the shunt layer thickness because thick sapphire substrates of high thermal conductivity dominated the thermal conductance of the elements.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2006

Transient heat transfer caused by an impulsive heating in subcooled liquid nitrogen is investigated experimentally. This study is part of out ongoing efforts directed to a stable cryogenic cooling system lot superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL). A thin heater attached by epoxy on one surface of a GFRP plate is immersed in liquid-nitrogen bath at temperatures between 77 K and 55 K. A strong heat flux up to $150W/cm^2$ is generated lot 100 ms, and the temperature of the heater sulfate is measured as a function of time. The behavior of bubbles on the heating surface can be explained by comparing the measured temperature history for vertical and two horizontal (up and down) orientations. It is concluded that the subcooling of liquid nitrogen below 70 K is very effective in suppressing bubbles, resulting in better thermal protection and faster recovery from an impulsive heat.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.9
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• pp.401-404
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• 1999

본 논문은 고온초전도한류기가 투입된 회로에 사고가 발생했을 경우 사고각에 따른 사고전류의 패턴에 관한 연구이다. 계통에 심각한 영향을 끼치는 이러한 사고전류의 순간 특성을 해석하기 위해 유도형 고온초전도한류기를 직접 제작하였으며 임의로 다른 각도에서 사고를 발생시켜 실험하였다. 임의의 사고각을 위해 triac으로 구성되어있는 위상각제어 및 사고 발생기를 부하와 직렬로 연결하였다. 또한, 순간적으로 큰 사고전류의 유입은 철심을 포화시키기에 충분하며 철심의 포화로 인해 상대투자율이 작아짐으로서 고온초전도한류기의 임피던스가 작게 발생하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 영향으로 인한 사고전류의 패턴에 관하여 연구하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07b
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• pp.693-694
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• 2006

In order to develop a high temperature superconducting(HTS) coil for the fault current limiter(FCL), the over-current characteristics in YBCO coated conductor(CC) with Ni-W alloy substrate are analyzed. The HTS wire is wound by bifilar winding method for resistive current limitation and it is operated in 65K sub-cooled nitrogen. In order to analyze the resistance and the temperature characteristics of the CC wire, an analysis program is developed considering all the composition materials except the buffer layer. Using this program, the temperature rise, the resistance development and the current limitation of CC are calculated depending on the applied voltage and the stabilizer materials. According to the analysis results, under the temperature restriction of 300K, the maximum voltage per meter is determined as 40V/m if the stabilizer is $25{\mu}m$ thick stainless steel at each side. Finally, the wire length needed for the distribution level HTS FCL is estimated.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.971-972
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• 2011

초전도 저항형 한류기는 계통에서 발생하는 대규모의 사고 전류를 매우 빠른 시간 안에 효과적으로 제한할 수 있어 주목받고 있는 초전도 전력기기이다. 저항형 한류기를 제작할 때 사용되는 초전도 선재의 총 길이는 저항형 한류기의 전체 설계에 있어서 가장 핵심적인 변수중 하나로 기존의 허용전기장을 이용한 방법으로 도출될 수 있다. 하지만 기존의 방법에서는 계통의 라인 저항을 고려하지 않는 가정을 도입 했기 때문에 이를 이용하여 설계할 경우 실제로 시스템에서 요구하는 설계 변수와 큰 차이를 보일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 라인저항의 영향을 고려한 허용 전기장을 도출하고, 새로 계산된 선재의 길이와 기존의 방법을 이용하여 계산된 선재의 길이를 비교해 봄으로써 보다 정확한 설계의 가능성을 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.1013-1014
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• 2011

급격한 산업 발전으로 전려계통의 수요 증가가 꾸준히 증가하고 있으며, 2007년부터 2020년까지 매년 2.2%씩 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 전력계통의 증대로 고장전류의 크기도 더불어 증가하고 있으며 이는 기존의 차단의 부하 용량을 넘어서고 있다. 따라서 안정적이고 효율적인 고장전류 차단을 위해서 초전도 한류기의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 다양한 초전도 한류기 중에서 순수 저항형 초전도 한류기의 적용 가능한 2세대 고온 초전도 선재들의 특성을 파악하였다. 현재 상용화가 이루어지고 있는 2세대 고온 초전도 선재의 동작 온도에 따른 온도별 비저항, 임계전류, 교류 손실과 단위 길이당 인가 허영 전기장을 을 측정하였다. 상위 과정을 통해서 측정된 각 선재별 특성을 바탕으로 초전도 저항형 한류기에 적용 가능한 선재를 제안하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.63-65
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• 2009

대용량 변압기의 교체시 고장전류 증가 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안 중 하나로 초전도 전류제한기를 설치하는 방안을 검토하고 있다. 이와 같은 고장전류저감을 위해 초전도 전류제한기를 배전계통에 도입하기 전에 고장전류 제한효과를 비롯하여 초전도 전류제한기의 임피던스에 따른 기존의 보호기기와의 보호협조를 고려할 필요가 있다. 그 중에서도 초전도 전류제한기 임피던스에 따라 초전도 전류제한기의 회복시간이 다르게 되며, 이로 인해 리클로저의 동작에 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이에 대한 선행연구로서 모의 배전계통에 초전도 전류제한기를 적용하였을 경우 초전도 전류제한기의 저항 크기에 따른 초전도 전류제한기의 회복시간을 비교하였으며 리클로저의 동작에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.