• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2022

Recently, in Korea, if a very large forest fire occurs due to the people's carelessness, it is of great interest because it spreads into a large forest fire. If a wildfire spreads and becomes large, it will inflict great damage (appointment and property), and the damage is irreversible. The best way to extinguish a wildfire is to prevent it before it occurs. If a forest fire occurs due to a failure in prevention, the early firefighting activities to prevent the progress of the forest fire by promptly dispatching it by reporting it and approaching the site as soon as possible should now be managed with a systematic integrated management system. To do so, it is necessary to prepare a preventive system, such as issuing warnings for each weather condition by the Korea Forest Service, consisting of cooperation (support) activities for forest fire prevention by related organizations, etc. In order to minimize the loss of precious lives and forests, measures have been taken to establish a system, to establish a prompt and accurate situation reporting system, and to establish an integrated command system (ICS) for on-site commanders.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2001

The crystal structures of fully dehydrated $Pd^{2+}$ - and $TI^{+}$ -exchanged zeolite X, $Pd_{18}TI_{56}Si_{100}Al_{92}O_{384}(Pd_{18}TI_{50-}X$, a = $24.935(4)\AA$ and $Pd_{21}TI_{50}Si_{100}Al_{92}O_{384}(Pd_{21}TI_{50-}X$ a = $24.914(4)\AA)$, have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods in the cubic space group Fd3 at $21(1)^{\circ}C.$ The crystals were prepared using an exchange solution that had a $Pd(NH_3)_4Cl_2\;:TINO_3$ mole ratio of 50 : 1 and 200 : 1, respectively, with a total concentration of 0.05M for 4 days. After dehydration at $360^{\circ}C$ and 2 ${\times}$$10^{-6}$ Torr in flowing oxygen for 2 days, the crystals were evacuated at $21(1)^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. They were refined to the final error indices $R_1$ = 0.045 and $R_2$ = 0.038 with 344 reflections for $Pd_{18}Tl_{56-}X$, and $R_1$ = 0.043 and $R_2$ = 0.045 with 280 reflections for $Pd_{21}Tl_{50-}X$; I > $3\sigma(I).$ In the structure of dehydrated $Pd_{18}Tl_{56-}X$, eighteen $Pd^{2+}$ ions and fourteen $TI^{+}$ ions are located at site I'. About twenty-seven $TI^{+}$ ions occupy site II recessed $1.74\AA$ into a supercage from the plane of three oxygens. The remaining fifteen $TI^{+}$ ions are distributed over two non-equivalent III' sites, with occupancies of 11 and 4, respectively. In the structure of $Pd_{21}Tl_{50-}X$, twenty $Pd^{2+}$ and ten $TI^{+}$ ions occupy site I', and one $Pd^{2+}$ ion is at site I. About twenty-three $TI^{+}$ ions occupy site II, and the remaining seventeen $TI^{+}$ ions are distributed over two different III' sites. $Pd^{2+}$ ions show a limit of exchange (ca. 39% and 46%), though their concentration of exchange was much higher than that of $TI^{+}$ ions. $Pd^{2+}$ ions tend to occupy site I', where they fit the double six-ring plane as nearly ideal trigonal planar. $TI^{+}$ ions fill the remaining I' sites, then occupy site II and two different III' sites. The two crystal structures show that approximately two and one-half I' sites per sodalite cage may be occupied by $Pd^{2+}$ ions. The remaining I' sites are occupied by $TI^{+}$ ions with Tl-O bond distance that is shorter than the sum of their ionic radii. The electrostatic repulsion between two large $TI^{+}$ ions and between $TI^{+}$ and $Pd^{2+}$ ions in the same $\beta-cage$ pushes each other to the charged six-ring planes. It causes the Tl-O bond to have some covalent character. However, $TI^{+}$ ions at site II form ionic bonds with three oxygens because the super-cage has the available space to obtain the reliable ionic bonds.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2013

Purpose: For reconstruction of lower extremity defects, various flaps can be used and the appropriate flap must be selected and applied according to the size of the defect. In particular, in cases where the defect size is small to moderate, thinner or smaller volume flaps are useful. The authors performed reconstruction of small to moderate defects on the lower extremities using superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator free flaps and are reporting the results. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients underwent reconstruction of defects on lower extremity areas using superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator free flaps from July 2011 to July 2012 at this hospital. The flaps were elevated from above the deep fat layer, and, in all cases, the vessel diameter of the flaps was less than 1mm, with the exception of superficial vein that accompanied it. Results: The mean follow up period was 4.46 months, and, despite a partial loss in the flap in two cases, there were no total losses. All donor sites were closed with primary closure, and there was no occurrence of complications, such as hematomas, seromas, or lymphorrheas. The patients were highly satisfied with the donor site scar since it could be masked by underwear. Conclusion: Compared to other flaps, superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator free flaps are thinner in thickness and smaller in volume, which results in a more natural contour of the recipient site after the operation. In addition, since the flap can be elevated from supra-deep fat layer, the operation time can be shortened, and lymphorrhea can be prevented, which in turn lessens donor-site morbidity.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-38
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• 2003

21 century, Korea enterprise which run business in global market, has rapidly change. So, achievement of international competitive power is very important. IT(Information Telecommunication) Technology is play a leading role in this field. In fact, Korea enormous invest in informational technology field and hold the first place in informational quotient(information super-highway, server computer, mobile networking and firm's web site etc). But, materialization of information management effect consider how to cope with the situation. Korea SMEs(Small and Medium Enterprises) is fundamental in Korea economy. So Korea SMEs must active the international competitive power by information management and advance to a higher position. In conclusion, SMEs of information management is require that SMEs' CEO and CIO are must self-help to in this field. And governments improvement of connected with the related system in these field.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2001

Internet is a global network and it produces many terminologies involved in Electronic Commerce. Among many terms people very much talked about Cyber Shopping Mall. Under situation customers and sellers paid attention to Cyber Shopping Mall which is beyond time and space. This study deals with two subjects to enlarge the competitive power of Mall & Malls which is integration of multiple Cyber Shopping Mall. First subject is constructing the Automated Mall Wizard which is efficiently and effectively building Cyber Shopping Mall Site. And second subject is to differentiate from other shopping malls. Automated Mall Wizard is composed of three stages which are decomposed into several descriptive steps. And descriptive steps takes form of independent module, so it is considered to maximize Cyber Shopping Mall differentiation. Additional functions are making the goods category, related goods to be simultaneously ordered, price comparison with other sites within the Mall & Malls, best seller goods, store advertisement, substitutive goods, and mileage policy. As a result of that, we can respect SuperMall is better than other Mall & Mall as to diversity and flexibility of constructed Cyber Shopping Mall.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1996년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(2)
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• pp.241-246
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• 1996

An analytical model to calculate rate of vapor generation due to heterogeneous wall nucleation in flashing flow is developed. In the present model, an important parameter of the vapor generation term, i.e. nucleation site density is calculated by integrating its probability distribution function with respect to active cavity radius. The limits of integration are minimum and maximum active cavity radii, and these are formulated using an active cavity model for nucleate boiling. This formulation, therefore. can statistically account for the effect of surface specific thermo-physical and geometric conditions on the vapor generation rate and flashing inception. For verifying the adequacy of the present model, steady state two-fluid and the bubble transport equations are solved with applicable constitutive equations. The applicable region of the bubble transport equation is also extended to churn-turbulent flow regime to predict interfacial area concentration at high void fraction. Predicted results in terms of axial pressure and void fraction profiles along the channels are compared with experimental data of Super Moby Dick and BNL Reasonable agreements have been achieved and this shows the applicability of the present model to flashing flow analysis.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.369-383
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• 2012

Researchers have recently begun using high spatial resolution remote-sensing data, which are automatically captured and georeferenced, to assess damage following natural and man-made disasters, in addition to, or instead of employing the older methods of walking house-to-house for surveys, or photographing individual buildings from an airplane. This research establishes quantitative relationships between the damage states observed at ground-level, and those observed from space using high spatial resolution remote-sensing data, for windstorms, for individual site-built one- or two-family residences (FR12). "Degrees of Damage" (DOD) from the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale were determined for ground-based damage states; damage states were also assigned for remote-sensing imagery, using a modified version of Womble's Remote-Sensing (RS) Damage Scale. The preliminary developed model can be used to predict the ground-level damage state using remote-sensing imagery, which could significantly lessen the time and expense required to assess the damage following a windstorm.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.29.2-29.2
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• 2018

Korean Neutrino Observatory (KNO) aims to make important discoveries in particle physics and astronomy by building a gigantic neutrino telescope consisting of 260 kiloton water and 40,000 20 inch photomultiplier tubes. Using J-PARC neutrino beam, leptonic CP violation (CPV) could be discovered if the CP is maximally violated, and neutrino mass ordering is guaranteed to be determined with more than 6 sigma for any CPV value. As a neutrino telescope, solar and Supernova burst/relic neutrinos could be studied very precisely. Indirect dark matter search sensitivity is improved by 3 to 4 times than that of Super Kamiokande. There are several candidate sites in Korea and especially Mt. Bisul and Mt. Bohyun are very promising according to our site survey. In this talk, an overview of the KNO is presented.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2022

The practical difficulties of construction will impose many restrictions on the structural design, and the construction method can also provide unexpected ideas for solving design problems. Through the discussion of three issues closely related to construction in the structural design of Wuhan Center, this paper illustrates the importance of in-depth consideration of the construction situations in the structural design stage. The topics of "Connection between Embedded Steel Plates in Steel Plate Composite Shear Wall" and "Connection Joint between Outrigger Truss and Core Wall" are about how to facilitate on-site construction by simplifying and optimizing detail design. The topic of "Adjusting Internal Force Distribution by Optimizing Construction Sequence" is about how to make the construction process a tool for structural design.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.751-762
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• 2010

본 연구는 초고층 건축물 외부공간의 식물 피복 상태가 온도변화에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 서울시에 위치한 초고층 건축물 12개소를 대상으로 연구를 수행하였다. 초고층 건축물 외부공간의 토지 피복 유형별 온도 차이 분석을 위해 6개 유형(외곽도로, 포장지, 관목/초지, 단층교목식재지, 다층식재지, 수경시설)으로 건축물외부공간의 피복유형을 구분하였으며 토지이용유형별 대표지점에서 온도를 실측하였다. 건축물 12개소의 주변 환경차이를 고려하기 위해 외곽도로의 중앙부에 대조구를 선정하여 온도를 측정한 후 일원배치 분산분석을 토대로 유사한 온도경향을 보이는 대상지를 4개 그룹으로 분류하였다. 분류된 그룹의 토지 피복 유형과 외부 공간 온도와의 일원배치 분산분석결과, 주로 단층교목식재지, 수경시설, 다층식재지는 저온역에 속하였으며, 관목/초지, 포장지, 외곽도로는 고온역에 속하였다. 저온역과 고온역의 온도차이는 약 $1.06{\sim}6.17^{\circ}C$의 차이를 보였다. 그러나 조성된 식재지와 수경시설 면적의 협소, 건축물로 인한 일사도달량의 저감과 반사량의 증가 등으로 초고층 건축물 외부공간 온도에 미치는 영향이 다양하게 나타났다. 이에 각 공간에 필요한 녹지량과 수공간의 면적을 조성 전 미리 산출하여, 효과를 발휘할 수 있는 최소한의 면적과 녹지량을 확보할 필요성이 있었다.