• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2008

최근, 전 세계적으로 지구 온난화가 가속화됨에 따라 해수면의 온도가 상승함과 동시에 태풍의 강도도 커지고 있는 실정이다. 우리나라의 경우에도 태풍을 연구하는 많은 학자들이 머지않은 미래에 슈퍼태풍이 내습할 것으로 예측하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 태풍 Maemi의 시동경로에 미국을 강타한 허리케인 Katrina(미국 뉴올리언스, 2005)와 태풍 Durian(필리핀, 2006) 및 태풍 Vera(일본 이세만, 1959)의 태풍특성(중심기압, 최대풍속반경,이동속도 등)을 조합하여 수치시뮬레이션을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 부산 경남 연안역 대부분의 지점에서 Maemi의 경로에 Durian과 Vera를 진행시킨 경우, Maemi내습 시보다 약 $1.5{\sim}2.0$배 높은 폭풍해일고를, Katrina의 경우, 약 4.0배 이상의 높은 폭풍해일고를 나타내었다. 이상과 같은 최대폭풍해일고의 수치로서 슈퍼태풍의 위험성을 충분히 인지하여 최적의 방재시스템을 구축하는 것이 폭풍해일의 재해예방 및 최소화를 위하여 조속히 해결하여야 할 과제이다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2009

전 세계적인 지구온난화로 인해 태풍의 강도와 규모가 커지고 있고 이로 인한 사회경제적인 피해가 갈수록 증가하고 있는 상황에서 사전에 침수예상지역 및 예상피해규모를 파악하고, 대비하는 일은 아주 중요하다. 이 논문에서는 2003년 부산과 경남지역 연안을 강타한 태풍 Maemi(매미)의 이동경로에 태풍 매미를 비롯하여 Vera(베라)(일본 이세만, 1959), Durian(두리안)(필리핀, 2006) 그리고 2005년 미국을 강타한 허리케인 Katrina(카트리나)의 특성을 갖는 슈퍼태풍의 내습을 가정하여 해운대 해수욕장 인근 도심지역의 침수피해규모를 추정하였다. 태풍별 해수면 상승고는 기존 연구자들의 수치모델링 결과를 토대로 육상표고와 해저수심의 서로 다른 기준면을 통일시킨 후 계산하였고, 항공 LiDAR 자료를 기반으로 GIS 공간분석기술을 이용하여 침수고, 침수면적 및 건물피해액을 추정하였다. 태풍의 강도와 규모가 점점 커지고 있고, 우리나라에도 근년에 Katrina(카트리나)급의 슈퍼태풍이 내습할 가능성이 클 것으로 예상되는 상황에서, 이 연구결과는 연안 도심지역에 대한 해안침수예상도와 범람피난지도를 제작하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2005

During the period of every summer to early autumn seasons, ships have been wrecked or grounded from effect of a typhoon in the water areas around Korean Peninsula Typhoon Rusa killed more than 100 people in September 2002. Super Typhoon Maemi passed southeast of South Korea in September 12-13, 2003, with a strong gale blowing at a record 60 m/s and caused much ship groundings, collisions and sinkings over 3000 in dockyards, harbors and places of refuge. These are things that could have been prevented had there merely been prior warning. This study outlines the occurrence characteristics of maritime accidents caused by a typhoon in South Korea for the period from 1962 to 2002. The distribution of the accident records is also compared with the trajectories, winds, central pressures of typhoons, passed during the 1990-2003. It is shown that attack frequency of typhoon and number of marine accidents is the highest in August and the marine accidents due to typhoon have a close relation to the distribution of accumulated wind and pressure fields.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 Asia Navigation Conference
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• pp.64-73
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• 2004

During the period of every summer to early autumn seasons, ships have been wrecked or grounded from effect of a typhoon in the waters around Korean Peninsular. Typhoon Rusa killed more than 100 people in September 2002. Super Typhoon Maemi passed southeast of South Korea in September 12-13, 2003, with gale winds blowing at a record 60 m/s and caused much ship groundings, collisions and sinkings over 3000 in dockyards, harbors and places of refuge. These are things that could have been prevented had there merely been prior warning. The aim of this study is to examine what effect these typhoons had on occurrence characteristics of the maritime accidents in South Korea. In this work, records of marine accidents caused by a typhoon are investigated for the period from 1962 to 2002. The distribution is also compared with the trajectories of typhoons, passed during the 1990-2003. It is shown that attack frequency of typhoon and number of marine accidents is the highest in August. We use the track data of Maemi such as central pressure, maximum sustained wind speed and area of each 15m/s and 25m/s winds as a case study to draw a map as a risk index.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.19-30
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• 1994

By use of the recent tropical cyclones' data in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, the occurrence frequency and region of typhoon as well as the features of the monthly mean track were analyzed. As the result of this study, (1) mean occurrence frequency of typhoon per year is 27.5, and 68% of total typhoons were formed in July to October and shown the highest frequency in August. (2) The ave-rage duration of typhoons is 8.5 days, and super typhoon which maximum sustained surface wind speeds is more than 130 knots occurs most frequently in October and November. (3) The highest frequency ap-pears around the Caroline, Mariana and Marshall Islands, and in wintertime, typhoon occurs in lower lati-tude comparing with those in summertime. (4) The typhoon track depends upon the distribution of pres-sure system and steering current in neighbouring areas. The mean track of typhoon can be classified into three types such as westward-moving type, northward-moving type and abnormally moving type. The west-ward-moving typhoons make landfall on the southern China by way of the South China Sea in June and July, on mid-part of China in August and September, and on Indo-china Peninsula in October and Novem-ber. The northward-moving typhoons approximately move on north~northwestward track to $20~30^{\circ}N$ from the occurrence region, then recurve to the East Sea through Korean Peninsula and Kyushu Island in June and July, to the Noth Pacific Ocean along the Japanese Islands in August and September and to the North Pacific Ocean through the seas far south off the Japan in October and November.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.253-283
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• 2011

This paper presents the field measurement results of wind effects on a super-tall building (CITIC Plaza, 391 m high) located in Guangzhou. The field data such as wind speed, wind direction and acceleration responses were simultaneously and continuously recorded from the tall building by a wind and vibration monitoring system during two typhoons. The typhoon-generated wind characteristics including turbulence intensity, gust factor, peak factor, turbulence integral length scale and power spectral density of fluctuating wind speed were presented and discussed. The dynamic characteristics of the tall building were determined based on the field measurements and compared with those calculated from a 3D finite element model of the building. The measured natural frequencies of the two fundamental sway modes of the building were found to be larger than those calculated. The damping ratios of the building were evaluated by the random decrement technique, which demonstrated amplitude-dependent characteristics. The field measured acceleration responses were compared with wind tunnel test results, which were found to be consistent with the model test data. Finally, the serviceability performance of the super-tall building was assessed based on the field measurement results.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2005

Typhoon Maemi landed on the southeast coast of Korea and caused a severe storm surge in Jinhae Bay and Masan Bay. The tide gage in Masan Port recorded the storm surge of a maximum of more than 2m and the area of more than 700m from the Seo Hang Wharf was flooded by the storm surge. They had not met such an extremely severe storm surge since the opening of the port. Then storm surge was hindcasted with a numerical model. The typhoon pressure was approximated by Myers' empirical model and super gradient wind around the typhoon eye wall was considered in the wind estimation. The land topography surrounding Jinhae Bay and Masan Bay is so complex that the computed wind field was modified with the 3D-MASCON model. The motion of seawater due to the atmospheric forces was simulated using a one-layer model based on non-linear long wave approximation. The Janssen's wave age dependent drag coefficient on the sea surface was calculated in the wave prediction model WAM cycle 4 and the coefficient was inputted to the storm surge model. The result shows that the storm surge hindcasted by the numerical model was in good agreement with the observed one.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제15권
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• pp.53-67
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• 1997

The objective of this study is to provide with the hydro-meteological and probabilistic characteristics of the storms of typhoons that have been passed through the Korean peninsula during the last twenty-three years since 1961. The paths and intensities of the typhoons were analyzed. Fifty weather stations were selected and the rainfall data during typhoon periods were collected. Rainfall data were analyzed for the patterns and probabilistic distributions. The results were presented to describe the areal distributions of probabilistic characteristics. The results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The most frequent typhoon path that has passed through the Korean peninsula was type E, followed by types CWE, W, WE, and S. The most frequent typhoon intensity was type B, followed by A, super A, and e types, respectively. 2. The third quartile typhoon rainfall patterns appear most frequently followed by the second, first, and last quartiles, respectively, in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Kwangju and Taejon. The single typhoon rainfalls with long rainfall durations tended to show delayed type rainfall patterns predominantly compared to the single rainfalls with short rainfall durations. 3. The most frequent probabilistic distribution of typhoon rainfall event is Pearson type-III, followed by Two-parameter lognormal distribution, and Type-I extremal distribution. 4. The most frequent probability distribution model of seashore location was Pearson type-III distribution. The most frequent probability distribution model of inland location was two parameter lognormal distribution.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.122-134
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• 1994

The objective of this study is to provide with the hydrometeological and probabilistic characteristics of the storms and winds of typhoons that have been passed through the Korea peninsula during the last twenty-three years since 1961. The paths and intensities of the typhoons were analyzed. Fifty weather stations were selected and the rainfall and wind data during typhoon periods were collected. Rainfall data were analyzed for the patterns and probabilistic distributions. The results were presented to describe the areal distributions of probabilistic characteristics. Wind data were also analysed for their probabilistic distributions. The results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The most frequent typhoon path that have passed through the Korean peninsula was type E, which was followed by types CWE, W, WE, and S. The most frequent typhoon intensity was type B, that was followed by A, super A, and C types, respectively. 2. The third quartile typhoon rainfall patterns appear most frequently followed by the second, first, and quartiles, respectively, in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Kwangju and Taejon. The single typhoon rainfalls with long rainfall durations tended to show delayed type rainfall patterns predominantly compared to the single rainfalls with short rainfall durations. 3. The most frequent probabilistic distribution for typhoon rainfall event is Pearson type-III, followed by Two-parameter lognormal distribution, and Type-I extremal distribution. 4. The most frequent probability distribution model of seashore location was Pearson type-III distribution. The most frequent probability distribution model of inland location was two parameter lognormal distribution. 5. The most frequent probabilistic distribution for typhoon wind events was Type-I xtremal distribution, followed by Two-parameter lognormal distribution, and Normal distribution.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권5호
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• pp.451-460
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• 2023

Recently, the use of smartphones for structural health monitoring in civil engineering has drawn increasing attention due to their rapid development and popularization. In this study, the structural responses and dynamic characteristics of a 421-m-tall skyscraper during the landfall of Typhoon Muifa are monitored using an iPhone 13. The measured building acceleration responses are first corrected by the resampling technique since the sampling rate of smartphone-based measurement is unstable. Then, based on the corrected building acceleration, the wind-induced responses (i.e., along-wind and across-wind responses) are investigated and the serviceability performance of the skyscraper is assessed. Next, the amplitude-dependency and time-varying structural dynamic characteristics of the monitored supertall building during Typhoon Muifa are investigated by employing the random decrement technique and Bayesian spectral density approach. Moreover, the estimated results during Muifa are further compared with those of previous studies on the monitored building to discuss its long-term time-varying structural dynamic characteristics. The paper aims to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of smartphones for structural health monitoring of high-rise buildings.