• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

Purpose: This study began with an interest in the meaning and importance of Olympic mascots, and this paper aimed to analyze the types and features of mascots by comparing the Summer Olympics mascots from Munich 1972 to Tokyo 2020 and ultimately to understand the attributes of the Summer Olympic mascots. Research design, data, and methodology: The approach of this study is the exploratory approach by literature reviews. This study carried out exploratory research on thinking about understanding the characteristics of the Summer Olympic Games Mascots. Results: First, the Munich 1972 mascot, Waldi is known as the first official mascot. Second, many mascots are designed the most in animal form. But the process of change according to the material of the Olympic mascot changed from a simple animal form to a finely expressed hybrid mascot, and multiple mascots appeared in the 2000s. Conclusions: The Olympic mascot is a representative symbol of the Olympic Games, representing the identity of the host country. Five attributes of the Olympic mascots were identified: friendliness, a symbolic meaning, originality, diversity, and value. Further implications were discussed.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2003년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.65-71
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 스포츠 이벤트가 지역사회에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구로서 지역주민의 태도 요인으로 경제적, 환경적, 자원 활용, 지역주민의 관심을 중심으로 살펴보았다 설문대상은 "2003년 하계 유니버시아드 대회"가 개최되었던 대구에서 지역주민을 대상으로 8월 21일부터 31일까지 데이터를 수집하였다. 대구지역주민을 대상으로 일대일 설문지법을 통하여 총440부를 회수하여 본 연구의 분석에 이용하였으며, 스포츠이벤트에 대한 지역주민의 태도를 구조모형에 의해 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 결과 앞에서 언급한 요인들이 스포츠 이벤트를 통해 지역사회에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 나타났다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.365-370
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• 2021

Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is present at high rates of density in tidal flats in Cheonsu Bay on the west coast of Korea, where clams often exhibit mass mortalities in late summer. We monitored the pathologic condition of clams at Hwangdo tidal flat (HD) to understand the parasitic impacts on clam fitness. Manila clams were fully ripe in July and spawned during August and September, as the histology indicated. The histology revealed that clams in HD tidal flats were heavily infected by the protozoa parasite Perkinsus olseni, as the monthly prevalence ranged from 53% (September) to 93% (August). In addition, Manila clams were co-infected by the metazoan parasite Cercaria tapetis and Parvatrema duboisi with the prevalence of 0-33% and 0-14%, respectively. Massive hemocyte infiltration and subsequent inflammation were commonly observed from the gills of P. olseni infected clams. Clusters of P. olseni trophozoites and heavy hemocyte infiltration were also observed from the female gonad, suggesting that P. olseni interferes with host gonad maturation. The larval trematode occupied almost the entire host gonad, resulting in gonad castration. In addition, Metacercaria of P. duboisi were observed from the subsurface of the mantle. Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium assay (RFTM) indicated that clams collected in August and September contained approximately 4.0×106 P. olseni cells/g gills. Condition Index (CI) declined gradually from spring to early summer, and the decline in CI was interpreted as a consequence of the heavy parasitism, as the parasites drain the host's net energy to be used in somatic growth and gamete production.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.2221-2221
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• 2002

한국 서해안의 곰소만에서 숙주-기생자 배양체 Prorocentrum minimum- Amoebophrya sp.를 분리하여 실험, 배양하는데 성공하였다. 본 연구는 이 숙주-기생체를 실험배양 하면서 광학 및 형광현미경 관찰을 토대로 규명된 적조생물 P minimum을 숙주로 하는 기생성 와편모류 Amoebophrya sp.의 생활사 단계를 보고한다. 이 기생성 와편모류에 의한 감염은 숙주 P minimum의 핵 내부에서 일어나고, 성장하여 결국은 세포질을 포함한 숙주 세포 공간의 대부분을 차지한다. 이 영양체의 세포 내의 성장이 완결되면 숙주의 각을 열고 세포 밖으로 나온다. 숙주 세포 밖의 자유유영 생활사 단계인 vermiform stage를 거쳐, 순간적으로 발산하여 수많은 dinospore를 형성하는 단계에 이른다. 우리나라 연안해역에서 춘·하계에 대규모 적조를 일으키는 원인 생물인 P. minimum과 이에 기생하는 본 Amoebophrya sp.의 숙주-기생배양체는 생물학적 적조제어기술 개발을 위한 중요한 생물재료의 하나이다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2002

한국 서해안의 곰소만에서 숙주-기생자 배양체 Prorocentrum minimum- Amoebophrya sp.를 분리하여 실험, 배양하는데 성공하였다. 본 연구는 이 숙주-기생체를 실험배양 하면서 광학 및 형광현미경 관찰을 토대로 규명된 적조생물 P minimum을 숙주로 하는 기생성 와편모류 Amoebophrya sp.의 생활사 단계를 보고한다. 이 기생성 와편모류에 의한 감염은 숙주 P minimum의 핵 내부에서 일어나고, 성장하여 결국은 세포질을 포함한 숙주 세포 공간의 대부분을 차지한다. 이 영양체의 세포 내의 성장이 완결되면 숙주의 각을 열고 세포 밖으로 나온다. 숙주 세포 밖의 자유유영 생활사 단계인 vermiform stage를 거쳐, 순간적으로 발산하여 수많은 dinospore를 형성하는 단계에 이른다. 우리나라 연안해역에서 춘·하계에 대규모 적조를 일으키는 원인 생물인 P. minimum과 이에 기생하는 본 Amoebophrya sp.의 숙주-기생배양체는 생물학적 적조제어기술 개발을 위한 중요한 생물재료의 하나이다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.53-72
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• 2009

In the summer of 2008, the movie Dachimawa Lee: Villain, Get on the Express to Hell is waiting for its first release. This movie is based on a short film which was tremendously popular when it was first introduced on the internet in 2000, and the director Ryu Seung Wahn is expecting a mega hit of the movie this summer. Showbox is one of the leading movie distributors in Korea. After a series of blockbuster hits such as Welcome to Dongmakgol, The Host, and The Chaser, Showbox is now in stagnation. Along with sluggish economy in Korea, most of recent movies distributed by them didn't even reach the breakeven. However, expectation on the upcoming movie, Dachimawa Lee, is higher than ever. Marketing department of Showbox has to decide what kind of media channel to choose and which marketing strategy to apply. It needs to make a decision about whether to target the so-called mania group or the general public of much bigger size. In this case study, the distinctiveness of the movie marketing and its process will be discussed. Moreover, the marketing strategies for Dachimawa Lee's success will be examined in the Showbox's point of view.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2021

Parasitic infection is among the most common problems for carp cultivation. They are also important for the principal entrance of other hazardous infections as well. This study was carried out for determining of parasitic fauna of two major carp known as silver and grass carp with the comparison of prevalence value and intensity rate of parasites among them, alongside the relationship between the biometric characteristics and host sex with the infection level. For this purpose, a total of 94 fish samples were caught randomly using a fishing net, from Guilan ponds during spring and summer of the year 2018 and transported alive to the laboratory. Upon arriving, the biometric characteristics and genus of each carp were measured individually. Specimens were then acquired from the skin, gills, and eyes of the carp and examined according to standard parasitology methods. Recovered parasites were observed under a light microscope and then fixed for identification. As the result, the occurrence and intensity in the higher length group were comparatively greater than the lower one. Also, the prevalence and intensity of total parasites in male carp were higher than in females. In this research, Dactylogyrus hypophthalmichthys and Dactylogyrus aristhichtys were observed in silver carp and Dactylogyrus lamellatus was detected in grass carp. In the paper below, we found that the host specificity varies in different species of Dactylogyrus isolated from grass carp and silver carp.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2004년도 수산관련학회 공동학술대회 발표요지집
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• pp.513-513
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• 2004

Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, is commercially and ecologically important marine bivalve in Korea and japan. However, clam landings in the two countries have dramatically declined since the 1980-1990's. In the present study, the protozoan parasite, Perkinsus sp., lectin (host's defense-related glycoprotein) and histopathological features were investigated in Manila clams collected from Gomso Bay in Korea and Ariake Bay in japan (one of the largest clam beds in each country) during summer and fall, 2002-2003. DNA sequences of non-transcribe spacer (NTS), internal transcribed space. (ITS) and 5.85 rRNA of Perkinsus sp. were identical to those of P. atlanticus that was reported in Europe and Korea. For diagnosis of Perkinsus, the fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM) and the 2 M NaOH lysis methods were used. Prevalence of the parasite varied from 92.5-98.7% in Gomso Bay and 35.5-37.9% in Ariake Bay. Infection intensity, in terms of the number of Perkinsuscells per gram tissue wet weight, in the clams of Gomso Bay in fall 2002 averaged 1,010,077-470,937 recording approximately100 times higher than that of Ariake Bay, and these were twice higher than those of summer samples in each location. Mean hemagglutination titer of the clams from Gomso Bay was approximately 60-folds higher than that of clams from Ariake Bay in 2002. In histological preparation of the clams from Gomso Bay in 2002, trophozoites of P. atlanticus were in groups and resulted in severe inflammatory response of host clam. Prevalence of the trematod, Cercaria tapes-like in the clams of Gomso Bay and Ariake Bay were 8.8 % and 10.5% respectively. In conclusion, the clams from Gomso Bay showed more severe pathologic symptoms and higher immune response than those of the clams from Ariake Bay.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2016

Clostridium novyi (C. novyi) is a gram positive, non-capsulated, motile, obligatory anaerobe that produces endospores. Both C. novyi type A and B produce a bacteriophage encoded lethal alpha toxin which belongs to a family of large clostridial cytotoxins. These large clostridial cytotoxins of C. novyi bind to the uncharacterized receptors on host vascular endothelial cells, which leads to the loss of integrity of the vascular endothelium with subsequent edema, refractory hypotension, organ failure, and sudden death. A total of 13 sudden death cases were submitted to Chonbuk National University-Veterinary Diagnostic Center between June and October, 2015. The samples, mainly liver, were collected in sterile vials after necropsy and processed within 12~24 hours for diagnosis, isolation and identification of C. novyi. All of the 4 gram positive samples showed amplification by PCR. Out of 4 positive samples, 3 were detected to be C. novyi type B and 1 was detected as C. novyi type A. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, 1 case (150564) showed 99% similarity with C. novyi type A while other 3 cases (150388, 150557 and 150775) presented 99% similarity with C. novyi type B. Based on the results, C. novyi was found to be prevalent in Korean pig farms and causes sudden death to finishing pigs or sows during summer season. Thus, C. novyi should be considered for differential diagnosis on sudden death cases during the summer season.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1983

As a part of observation on the suitability as a second intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis, various infection experiments were tried to Cyprinus carpio nodus. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The cercariae which attempted to contact with Cyprinus carpio nodus in the water were observed under the stereomicroscope. After contact, cercariae began to separate its tails from the bodies at 4 minutes increasingly, and then the numbers ranged to 80% at 13 minutes after the encounter. But very few cercariae could actually invade into the epidermis of the fish. 2. When Cyprinus carpio nudes were exposed to a number of cercariae in the beaker, only a few cercariae could invade through the epidermis. Most of the invaded cercariae were killed before forming the cyst. Also rare encysted cercariae were found to be dead within 48 hours. 3. Cyprinus carpio nudes were reared with Parafossarulus manchouricus shedding numerous cercariae in the indoor aquarium. When observed after 12 days, to determine the susceptibility, no metacercaria was found infected. 4. Cyprinus carpio nudum were reared with Parafossarulus manchouricus shedding numerous cercariae in Kimhae lake for 2 months in summer of 1982, in order to check the natural infection. No metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis was found from the fish. 5. In the cases of control fish, Pseudoraibora larva, numerous cercariae were inspected on the course of invasion through epidermis of the fish under the stereomicroscope. And many metacercariae were also found from the Ssh whenever they were kept in beaker, indoor aquarium, or the lake for natural infection. The results suggested that Cyprinus carpio kudus might not be proper intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis.