• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.598-602
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• 2007

A long-term in situ observation was carried out in the Ice-valley at Milyang in order to explain the factors and processes associated with the summertime ice formation. The variation of temperature inside Ice-valley in relation with ice formation in summer time was found to depend on precipitation rate in spring and cold air sinking in autumn and winter. The rate of temperature rising tends to correspond to sensible heat release depending on the precipitation amount at the freezing location. The reason of the cold air accumulation in a talus in the Ice-valley is the cold air sinking over the surface of talus due to the occurrence of outside clod air mass and the accumulated cold air from autumn to spring flow outside at the bottom of talus. The out-flowing cold air can result in the ice formation in the hot summer.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.948-953
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• 2002

The electric power load during the peak time in summer is strongly affected by cooling load, which decreases the preparation ratio of electricity and brings about the failure in the supply of electricity in the electric power system. The ice-storage system and heat pump system are possible solutions to settle this problem. In this study. the method of estimating temperature and humidity to forecast the cooling load of ice-storage system is suggested, then the method of forecasting the cooling load using fuzzy logic is suggested by simulating that the cooling load is calculated using actual temperature and humidity. The forecast of the temperature, humidity and cooling load are simulated, and it is shown that the forecasted data approach to the actual data. Operating the ice-storage system by the forecast of cooling load with night electric power will improve the ice-storage system efficiency and reduce the peak electric power load during the summer season as a result.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07d
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• pp.2446-2448
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• 2001

In addition to the stabilization of electricity supply and the quality management of electricity, load balance has been an important strategy for achieving high quality load management. Among many techniques for load management, direct load management has been actively studied and applied for increasing the efficiency of power facility and suppressing peak load. In Korea, the highest peak load is demanded in summer rather than in winter, and almost 50% of the peak load comes from cooling load. Currently, applicable systems are limited to air conditioners that have the cooling capacity less than 2kW. This paper describes the development of remote controlled air conditioners and the result of the field test of the new type air conditioner. The technical specification based on the test will be applied to the new model of the remote controlled air conditioner. The wide distribution of the air conditioners to the public will be helpful to control peak demand due to cooling load in summer time. Financial investment to generating, transmission, distribution facilities will be decreased from flatting the seasonal power load.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 1981

Long term precipitation gaging station record (58 years) was analyzed by progressive mean method to compare the estimated effective period of records for computing mean and probable values. Obtained results are as follows: 1. Fifty-eight years precipitation records at Jinju, Gyeong Sang Nam Do was analyzed by double mass analysis method. Result was appeared that the record was consistent with time. 2. The effective period of records for estimating mean values with the departure of 5% or less from the true mean are up to 33 years for annual precipitation, 20 years for annual maximum daily precipitation and 45 years for maximum successive dry days in summer season. 3. To estimate the probable values by Gumbel-Chow method within the departure of 5% level from true value, periods of 51 years, 38 years and 45 years were required for annual precipitation, annual maximum daily precipitation and maximum successive dry days in summer season, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.427-428
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• 2007

This paper presents a study for the Korea power system at yearly peak load time in 2007 summer period. The power system become more complex due to the gradual increment of power demand. We analyze various problems in power system operation, by the use of PSS/E(power flow, fault and transient stability study) and VSAT for voltage stability. The results of power system operating plans and countermeasures are described.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.43-58
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• 2019

Since 2009, electricity consumption has developed a unique seasonal pattern in South Korea. Winter loads have sharply increased, and they eventually exceeded summer peaks. This trend reversal distinguishes these load patterns from those in the USA and the EU, where annual peaks are observed during the summer months. Using Levene's test, we show statistical evidence of a rise in temperature but a decrease in variance over time regardless of the season. Despite the overall increase in the temperature, regardless of the season there should be another cause of the increased demand for electricity in winter. With the present study using data from 1991 to 2012, we provide empirical evidence that relatively low electricity prices regulated by the government have contributed significantly to the rapid upward change in electricity consumption, specifically during the winter months in the commercial sector in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.416-420
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• 2009

An experiment of one-year duration was conducted on sixteen adult male German Angora rabbits under sub-temperate Himalayan conditions, to assess the effect of seasons on their body weight, wool production and quality, plane of nutrition and the digestibilities of nutrients. The daily meteorological attribute viz. minimum and maximum temperature; relative humidity and rainfall were recorded during winter (October to March), summer (April to June) and rainy (July to September) seasons. Biological parameters viz. body weight at the time of shearing, wool yield of individual rabbit, quality attributes of wool, fortnightly dry matter intake, chemical composition of feed and fodder and digestibilities of nutrients were recorded. Average minimum and maximum ambient temperature during winter, summer and rainy seasons were 4.6${\pm}$1.9 and 21.4${\pm}$2.8; 13.6${\pm}$2 and 30.3${\pm}$2; and 20.0${\pm}$1.4 and $31.0{\pm}1.8^{\circ}C$, respectively. The average relative humidity and total rainfall during winter, summer and rainy season were 69.5${\pm}$2.9% and 74.7${\pm}$21.8 mm; 58.6${\pm}$2.2% and 38.1${\pm}$18.1 mm; and 69${\pm}$4.2% and 104.0${\pm}$43.7 mm, respectively. The body weight of rabbits increased during all seasons, however, the maximum average daily weight gain of 3.47${\pm}$0.1 g was observed during the rainy season. The wool yield differed significantly (p$\leq$0.05) among different seasons with highest (140.4${\pm}$10 g) and lowest (108.5${\pm}$6.9 g) during winter and summer, respectively. The wool yield during the rainy season was 123.3${\pm}$5.2 g. The wool quality attributes revealed non-significant differences for staple length, fiber diameter, medulation percent, percent pure fibers and percent guard hairs. Plane of nutrition revealed significant (p$\leq$0.05) differences for concentrate intake. The concentrate intake was highest during winter (124.4${\pm}$2.6 g) followed by summer (86.8${\pm}$8.9 g) and rainy (80.7${\pm}$11.8 g) seasons. The reverse trend was observed in roughage intake with significantly (p${\leq}$0.05) lower intake during winter and highest during summer months. As a result total dry matter intake during different seasons was similar. Significant differences (p${\leq}$0.05) were observed for digestibilities of crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, acid detergent fiber and cellulose. Digestibility of crude protein was highest during winter whereas the digestibilities of crude fiber, ether extract, acid detergent fiber and cellulose remained higher during the rainy season. During the winter season, the dry matter used for producing 100 g of wool was substantially lower than during other seasons and was concluded to be the best season for production of Angora wool under subtemperate Himalayan conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

With a view to developing a database of death years of Korean firs (Abies koreana) at Yeongsil in Mt. Halla and investigating their abrupt inter-annual growth reduction tree-ring analysis was employed. To this end, 10 living trees (YSL) were selected to establish a master chronology and 20 dead trees were used to date their dead years. To investigate the difference in death years by death types, 10 trees, which remained standing (YSSD) out of the 20 dead trees were selected. The rest 10 dead trees were already fallen (YSFD). Two increment cores per tree at breast height were extracted in contour direction using an increment borer. A 106-year master chronology (1911-2016) was successfully established from the 10 YSLs. Through cross-dating between individual YSSD time series and the master chronology, it was verified that 1 YSSD was dead in summer 1978, 1 YSSD between autumn 1999 and spring 2000, 2 YSSDs in summer 2007, 1 YSSD in summer 2010, 1 YSSD in summer 2012, and 1 YSSD in summer 2013. The youngest tree rings of 2 YSSDs having no bark were in 1977 and 2002. For the YSFDs, it was verified that 1 YSFD was dead between autumn 1997 and spring 1998, 1 YSFD between autumn 2001 and spring 2002, 2 YSFDs between autumn 2009 and spring 2010, 1 YSFD in summer 2010, and 2 YSFDs between autumn 2012 and spring 2013, while the youngest tree rings of 2 YSFDs having no bark were in 1989 and 2004. To note, the death years of two trees, one from each death type (YSSD and YSFD), could not be verified due to poor cross-dating with the master chronology. The inter-annual growth reductions of YSSD and YSFD occurred more frequently and intensively than YSL. Typically, the YSFD showed the most frequent and intensive inter-annual growth reduction. On comparing the inter-annual growth reductions with the corresponding records of typhoons however we could not find any reliable relationship. Finally, from prior reports and results of the current study it can be concluded that the death and abrupt growth reduction of korean fir at Yeongsil in Mt. Halla are not caused by only a certain environmental factor but various factors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.18-27
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• 2018

This study is a basic one analyzing the scenic characteristics that are created in Royal Garden in China while taking into consideration that Royal Garden in China is a fruit compiling all of the Chinese classical gardens. In case of Summer Palace in China, it adopted various kinds of landscape displaying techniques for fulfilling the desires of an Emperor who wanted to appreciate beautiful landscapes all the time. Accordingly, the scenic characteristics can be summarized as follows. First, Summer Garden creates various kinds of garden landscapes through various kinds of landscape creation techniques, such as, Borrowed Landscape, Central One, Background One, Symmetrical One, Axial One, Dividing One, Framed One, Window One and Complementing One, etc. Second, it was created in order for visitors to focus on appreciation of landscapes by allocating hard points while considering the symmetric structure, Structure of Long Corridor and Visual Physiology of a building on the basis of the South-North Pivotal Line. Third, it utilized the scenic spot transferring technique that introduces the landscapes of scenic spots in various regions of China to Summer Palace to be matched to the unique geological characteristics of Summer Garden. It was found that Summer Palace adopted the common landscaping techniques in Jiangnan Region of Ancient China since the landscape of Jichang Garden in Hangzhou and that of Shan Tang Jie in Suzhou are reproduced and transferred. It was found that 3 methods mentioned above have the effects that attract sightseers' eyes naturally and make their interests concentrated as well as reviving the feeling of space in a garden and creating abundant scenic beauty.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.137-152
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• 2023

As the world progresses towards a global society as time goes by, it is a natural reality that interpreting the fortunes of people born in foreign countries will inevitably increase in the future. If the time of birth is different, a big problem arises in the theory of MyungLiollgy. Therefore, this researcher decides whether to use the local standard time of the country of birth or convert it to the Korean time zone when a foreign-born person writes four weeks, because the position of the sun determines the time and date, so the local standard time It was concluded that it was appropriate to use it, and to support the discussion on the correction of true solar time in Eastern and Western countries, we carefully selected major countries and major cities where the time difference between the currently used national standard time and the true solar time according to the actual longitude line was expected, and the results were presented. was calculated and derived. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the time difference between the national standard time and the true solar time is much greater than the general idea. On the other hand, through the case of actual foreign-born people, it was possible to find out the great influence of summer time on the composition of the sandbar, in addition to the influence of the exact time difference on the birth date and cutting time. Through the results of this study, it is thought that we have laid the systematic foundation of the myo-logical theory on the correction of true solar time in Eastern and Western countries for the simplicity of the four weeks of foreign-born people, and this will serve as an opportunity to reduce confusion about the method of simplifying the four weeks of foreign-born people. It is assumed that it will be possible.