• 대한산업공학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.457-468
• /
• 2007

This paper proposes an adaptive moving average (A-MA) control chart with variable sampling intervals (VSI) for detecting shifts in the process mean. The basic idea of the VSI A-MA chart is to adjust sampling intervals as well as to accumulate previous samples selectively in order to increase the sensitivity. The VSI A-MA chart employs a threshold limit to determine whether or not to increase sampling rate as well as to accumulate previous samples. If a standardized control statistic falls outside the threshold limit, the next sample is taken with higher sampling rate and is accumulated to calculate the next control statistic. If the control statistic falls within the threshold limit, the next sample is taken with lower sampling rate and only the sample is used to get the control statistic. The VSI A-MA chart produces an 'out-of-control' signal either when any control statistic falls outside the control limit or when L-consecutive control statistics fall outside the threshold limit. The control length L is introduced to prevent small mean shifts from being undetected for a long period. A Markov chain model is employed to investigate the VSI A-MA sampling process. Formulae related to the steady state average time-to signal (ATS) for an in-control state and out-of-control state are derived in closed forms. A statistical design procedure for the VSI A-MA chart is proposed. Comparative studies show that the proposed VSI A-MA chart is uniformly superior to the adaptive Cumulative sum (CUSUM) chart and to the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) chart, and is comparable to the variable sampling size (VSS) VSI EWMA chart with respect to the ATS performance.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.321-328
• /
• 2020

Background: This study aimed to investigate the incidences of and risk factors for perioperative events following anticoagulant discontinuation in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Methods: A total of 216 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac consultation for suspending perioperative anticoagulants were enrolled. A perioperative event was defined as a composite of thromboembolism and major bleeding. Results: The mean anticoagulant discontinuation duration was 5.7 (±4.2) days and was significantly longer in the warfarin group (p<0.001). Four perioperative thromboembolic (1.9%; three strokes and one systemic embolization) and three major bleeding events (1.4%) were observed. The high CHA₂DS₂-VASc and HAS-BLED scores and a prolonged preoperative anticoagulant discontinuation duration (4.4±2.1 vs. 2.9±1.8 days; p=0.028) were associated with perioperative events, whereas the anticoagulant type (non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants or warfarin) was not. The best cut-off levels of the HAS-BLED and CHA₂DS₂-VASc scores were 3.5 and 2.5, respectively, and the preoperative anticoagulant discontinuation duration for predicting perioperative events was 2.5 days. Significant differences in the perioperative event rates were observed among the four risk groups categorized according to the sum of these values: risk 0, 0%; risk 1, 0%; risk 2, 5.9%; and risk 3, 50.0% (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the HAS-BLED score was an independent predictor for perioperative events. Conclusion: Thromboembolic events and major bleeding are not uncommon during perioperative anticoagulant discontinuation in patients with NVAF, and interrupted anticoagulation strategies are needed to minimize these.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.2531-2535
• /
• 2015

Background: Breast cancer diagnosed in young women may be more aggressive, with higher rates of local and distant recurrence compared to the disease in older women. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that Korean women have a lower incidence of breast cancer than women in the United States, but that they present at a younger age than their American counterparts. We sought to compare risk factors and management of young women with breast cancer in Boston, Massachusetts (US) with those in Seoul, South Korea (KR). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was performed of consecutive patients less than 35 years old with a diagnosis of breast cancer at academic cancer centers in the US and KR from 2000-2005. Patient data were obtained by chart review. Demographic, tumor and treatment characteristics were compared utilizing Pearson's chisquare or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests where appropriate. All differences were assessed as significant at the 0.05 level. Results: 205 patients from the US and 309 from KR were analyzed. Patients in US were more likely to have hormone receptor positive breast cancer, while patients in KR had a higher rate of triple negative lesions. Patients in US had a higher mean body mass index and more often reported use of birth control pills, while those in the KR were less likely to have a sentinel node procedure performed or to receive post mastectomy radiation. Conclusions: Patients under 35 diagnosed with breast cancer in the US and KR differ with respect to demographics, tumor characteristics and management. Although rates of breast conservation and mastectomy were similar, US patients were more likely to receive post mastectomy radiation. The lower use of sentinel node biopsy is explained by the later adoption of the technique in KR. Further evaluation is necessary to evaluate recurrence rates and survival in the setting of differing disease subtypes in these patients.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2004

Bone marrow transplantation(BMT) is widely used as curative means of various malignant and nonmalignant hematologic disorders, and early and accurate determination of engraftment is very important for critical management decisions. Reticulocyte counts performed by automated flow cytometric methods is a good indicator of erythropoietic activity and its evaluation has been proposed as an early predictor of bone marrow regeneration. Some reports highlighted the usefulness of the percentage of highly fluorescent reticulocytes and the sum of highly and medium fluorescent reticulocytes(immature reticulocyte fraction, IRF). In Asan Medical Center, the criteria for engraftment following BMT or PBSCT was defined as the first day of a 3-day trend of absolute neutrophil count(ANC)${\geq}500/uL$ and platelet count${\geq}30{\times}10^3/uL$. In 1999, Grotto et al proposed an indidator of bone marrow recovery as the first day on which the IRF was twice the minimum value after bone marrow transplantation. To compare the both criterias, we got consecutive datas of immature reticulocyte fraction, absolute neutrophil count(ANC), WBC count, platelet count and reticulocyte count by XE-2100 automated hematology analyzer(Sysmex Co. Japan) from 33 patients daily after BMT. When compared to standard neutrophil engraftment(10-30 days, $16.2{\pm}4.6days$), IRF engraftment (5-21 days, $11.0{\pm}3.9days$) occured significantly earlier in 87.9% of patients(P<0.05). The mean engraftment day for WBC count(11-29 days, $16.4{\pm}4.3days$) was similar to ANC, but platelet count and reticulocyte count revealed more delayed data (10-49 days, $19.1{\pm}7.4days$ vs 17-64 days, $31.4{\pm}14.1days$). In conclusion, our results confirm that an increase in the immature reticulocyte population is the earliest sign of the hematopoietic recovery after BMT and that automated reticulocyte quantification including immature fraction may be integrated into clinical protocols to evaluate bone marrow reconstitution.

• 동남아시아연구
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.49-92
• /
• 2013

In May 2010, Indonesia and Norway signed a Letter of Intent on "Cooperation on Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation(REDD)." In the LoI, Norway agreed to offer Indonesia a sum of USD 1 billion with a view to encourage Indonesia to significantly contribute to the successful implementation of REDD+. On 20 May 2011, correspondingly, Indonesia announced the 2011 'Forest Moratorium' (the Presidential Instruction No. 10/2011) which was valid for the following consecutive two years. By means of the 2011 'Forest Moratorium', Indonesia aimed at significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation, forest degradation and peatland conversion. In so doing, it also sought to improve forest governance. Meanwhile, concerned stakeholders also raised various questions about the effectiveness of the 'Forest Moratorium'. As an extension of the 2011 'Forest Moratorium', Indonesia announced the 2013 'Forest Moratorium'(the Presidential Instruction No. 6/2013) for another two-year period on 13 May 2013. Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium' is concerned with stakeholders at various levels, who may play a role of significant 'agent' in the process of implementing the 'Forest Moratorium'. This mechanism of the 'Forest Moratorium' should be understood in the light of forest governance. Employing stakeholder approach, therefore, this article attempts to analyze Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium' in the light of forest governance. In this regard, it analyzes the detailed contents of the 'Forest Moratorium', the process of making the 'Forest Moratorium', current development of the Indicative Moratorium Map for suspension of new concessions on forest land, and contesting views of various stakeholders. At the same time, it also talks about how 'weak' forest governance had influence upon Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium'. In so doing, this article consequently attempts to evaluate Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium' and also put it into perspective in terms of improving forest governance. The 2013 'Forest Moratorium' fundamentally represents a radical policy that is designed to suspend new concessions on forest conversion for another two-year period and its detailed contents attempt to reflect on various stakeholders from related industries and environmental NGOs. However, there are challenging factors in the process of implementing the 'Forest Moratorium', that is, 'weak' forest governance and also a discrepancy between forest planning maps designated by central and regional governments. The announcement of the 2013 'Forest Moratorium', as an extension of the 2011 'Forest Moratorium', may functionally strengthen and improve Indonesia's forest governance. However, at the same time, there is a practical limit due to the fact that it is merely a Presidential Instruction that lacks legal binding.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.124-131
• /
• 2019

도로터널에서 화재가 발생하면 밀폐된 구조적 특성상 대형재난으로 발전할 가능성이 높기 때문에 각종 방재시설이 잘 설치되어 화재예방과 대응에 제 기능을 발휘해야 한다. 연속터널의 연장 및 방음터널을 고려하지 않아 필수 방재시설의 설치가 누락되어 법령의 개정이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서 도로터널의 방재시설과 관련한 국내 법령들의 변천사항을 검토하고, 각 법령 간 비교분석을 통해 소방관계법령에서 개정이 필요한 부분을 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연속터널은 개별터널의 연장의 합을 고려하도록 하고 방음터널이 터널의 범주에 포함되도록 하여 필수 방재시설이 설치가 되지 않는 일이 없도록 해야 한다. 둘째, 터널 내 방재시설 설치의 법적 당위성 확보가 필요하므로 터널에 설치가 제외된 시설인 미분무소화설비, 비상방송설비, 유도등이 법령에 명시될 필요가 있다. 셋째, 현장대응의 입장에서 터널 내에 공기호흡기를 비치하도록 명시하여 소방대원들의 진압활동 및 인명구조에 크게 기여할 수 있도록 한다.

• 경영과정보연구
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.167-187
• /
• 2014

과거 우리나라 기업회계기준(K-GAAP)에서 영업이익 산정과 그 구성항목에 구체적인 기준을 두고 이를 엄격히 지켜왔던 것과 달리 한국채택국제회계기준(K-IFRS)에서는 영업이익에 대해 구체적으로 정의하지 않고 있다. 이로 인해 기업들은 각각 다른 방법으로 영업이익을 공시하게 되었고 투자자들은 영업이익이 자본시장에 전달하는 정보의 중요성을 고려할 때 K-IFRS의 영업이익 공시기준이 시장에 혼란을 초래할 수 있다는 우려를 표하였다. 한국회계기준원은 자본시장참여자들의 이러한 지적을 수용하여 2012년 9월 K-GAAP과 동일한 방법으로 영업이익을 산출 공시하도록 하였다. 본 연구는 우리나라 코스닥시장에 상장되어 있는 기업을 대상으로 K-IFRS에 의해 작성된 영업이익과 K-GAAP을 적용하여 작성된 영업이익의 가치관련성 분석을 통해 영업이익 공시정책 변경의 타당성을 검증하였다. K-IFRS를 적용한 코스닥기업 520개를 대상으로 K-IFRS 도입 이전(2010년)과 이후(2011년)의 영업이익의 가치관련성을 분석한 결과 K-IFRS 이전 기간의 영업이익이 더 높은 가치관련성을 가지는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 2011년에 공시된 영업이익(발표영업이익)은 과거의 회계기준으로 환산하여 추정한 영업이익(조정영업이익)에 비해 주가에 대한 설명력이 유의하게 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 전체 표본을 발표영업이익과 조정영업이익의 상대적 크기로 나누어 동일한 분석을 수행한 결과 발표영업이익이 조정영업이익에 비해 높은 집단에 대해서만 영업이익의 가치관련성이 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 추가적으로 조정영업이익이 음(-)인 기업 그리고 과거 연속적인 영업손실을 보고한 기업일수록 K-IFRS를 적용하여 조정영업이익에 비해 높은 수준의 발표영업이익을 공시한 것으로 나타나 2011년 손익계산서의 작성 과정에 경영자가 의도적으로 개입하였음을 암시하고 있다. 따라서, K-IFRS의 영업이익 공시에 대한 자본시장의 우려가 실증적으로도 지지되고 있으며, 한국회계기준원의 영업이익 공시정책변경의 타당성을 지지하는 것이다. 또한, 이러한 분석결과는 2011년 영업이익의 공시를 악용하여 코스닥시장의 퇴출위험에서 벗어난 부실기업들에 대한 사후적 조치가 필요함을 시사하고 있다.